所有代词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（北师大版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） Chapter1所有代词系统复习 考频分析 所有代词系统复习是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的0%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（影响对指代关系的准确理解）。在语境理 解类题目中，代词的指代对象、人称和数的一致性往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对所有代词系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·代词分类辨析：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词的指代对 象与句法功能； ·代词格与数的变化：主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词的形式转换及语境匹配； ·代词指代一致性：代词与先行词在数、性、格上的一致关系，以及不定代词作主语时的主谓一致。 精讲精练 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 ·人称代词（指代人或事物，分主格和宾格） -主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she//it/we/they→例句：She is a student: -宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/us/them→例句：My mother bought me a gift. ·物主代词（表示所属关系，分形容词性和名词性） -形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/its/our/their→例句：This is my book. -名词性（独立使用，=形容词性物主代词+名词）：mine/yours/his/hers//its/ours/theirs→例句：The red pen is mine ·反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“自己”） -常见形式：m yself/yourself/him self/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves→例句：She taught herself English. ·指示代词（指代人或事物，表“这个这些”“那个那些”） -单数：this(这个)that(那个)→例句：This is a cat..That is a dog. -复数：these(这些)/those(那些)→例句：These are apples..Those are bananas ·不定代词（指代不特定的人或事物） -普通不定代词：some(一些，用于肯定句)any(一些，用于否定句/疑问句)/many(许多，接可数名 词)/much(许多，接不可数名词)few(很少，表否定，接可数名词)itle(很少，表否定，接不可数 名词)afew(一些，表肯定，接可数名词)/a little(一些，表肯定，接不可数名词)→例句：There are some books on the desk.I don't have any money. -复合不定代词：someone(某人)/anyone(任何人)/something(某物)/anything(任何事物)→例 句：Someone is knocking at the door. ·疑问代词（用于构成疑问句，询问人或事物） -常见疑问代词：who(谁，指人，作主语/宾语)whom(谁，指人，作宾语)whose(谁的，表所属) what(什么，指物)which(哪-个，指人或物)→例句：/ho is your teacher?What is this?Vhose bag is it? ·关系代词（引导定语从句，指代先行词） -常见关系代词：who(指人，作主语/宾语)whom(指人，作宾语)whose(指人或物，表所属)which (指物，作主语/宾语)that(指人或物，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is singing is my sister.. This is the book which I bought yesterday 【即学即练】 1.【人称代词辨析】下列选项中，可作句子主语的是？ A.me B.him C.she D.them 2.【物主代词用法】请填写正确的物主代词：This book is not mine.t's一.（她的） 3.【反身代词搭配】“自学”的正确英文表达是？ A.teach yourself B.learn yourself C.study yourself D.by yourself 4.【不定代词辨析】There is_water in the bottle.Ne need to buy some.(几乎没有) A.a little B.little C.few D.a few 5.【关系代词用法】The boy_Lis wearing a red coat is my brother.(填关系代词) 语法复习|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 知识点二：代词的特殊用法及易错点 ·人称代词的主格与宾格混用辨析 1.作表语的情况 -☐语中常用宾格（如"tsme.”"),正式文体用主格（如”It is I who did it.”) -例句： *-Who is there?一lt'sme.(□语常用) *It is she who will represent our class.(正式文体，强调句中作表语用主格) 2.比较状语从句中的省略情况 -主语相同时，从句可省略主语，保留宾格（如"He is taller than me.”);完整句用主格（如"He is taller than I am.”) 一例句： *She runs faster than him.(省略句，用宾格) *She runs faster than he does.(完整句，用主格) ·物主代词的指代一致性 1.形容词性物主代词与ow连用表强调 -结构：形容词性物主代词+own+名词 一例句： *I have my own room.(强调“我自己的") They want to build their own house. 2.名词性物主代词后接of表双重所有格 -结构：of+名词性物主代词 一例句： A friend of mine will come tomorrow.(mine my friends) This is a photo of hers.(hers her photos) ·反身代词的固定搭配及误用 1.常用固定搭配 -enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、hurt oneself(伤到自己)、by oneself(独自)、teach oneself(自学) 一例句： She enjoyed herself at the party. He learned to swim by himself. 2.不可用于替代人称代词的情况 一反身代词不可作主语，需与主语保持一致 -错误例句：Myself did it..(正确：I did it.) -正确例句：I myself did it..(反身代词作同位语，强调主语) ·指示代词的替代用法 1.this/that替代上文内容 -this指代下文要讲的事，that指代上文提到的事 一例句： *This is what I want to say:be careful.(this指代下文) *He said he would come,but that was a lie.(that指代上文"He would come") 2.those替代复数名词避免重复 -结构：those+定语从句介词短语（替代the+复数名词） 一例句： The books on the desk are newer than those on the shelf.(those the books) ·不定代词的主谓一致及否定用法 1.复合不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 -someone/som ebody/anyone/anybody/something/anything作主语，谓语用单数 一例句： Someone is waiting for you at the door. Everything is ready now. 2.few/little与a few/a little的否定与肯定区别 -few/little表否定（几乎没有），a few/a little表肯定（有一些） 一例句： *There are few apples left,.so we need to buy some.(few表否定，接可数名词) *He has a little money,.enough for a coffee.(a little表肯定，接不可数名词) ·关系代词的用法区别 1.that与which的使用限制 -先行词为不定代词(a/nothing/something等)、序数词或被最高级修饰时，只能用that 一例句 *All that glitters is not gold.(先行词all为不定代词，用that) *This is the first book that I bought.(先行词有序数词first,用that) 2.who与whom的区分 -who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom仅作宾语（可省略或用who替代） 一例句： *The man who spoke is my uncle.(who作主语) *The girl whom/who/that I met yesterday is from Beijing.(whom作宾语，可省略) 知识点三：代词的指代一致与逻辑关系 ·代词指代的单复数一致性 一基础规则（高考核心）： 1.不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 *each/every/no one/nobody/someone/.anyone/.something/anything等作主语，谓语用单数例 Everyone is here today.Something is wrong with my phone. 2.集体名词后的代词指代 *group/team/family等集体名词表整体时用单数代问，表成员时用复数代词例句：Our team won the game.It is the best in the school.(Our team are having a rest.They look tired. (成员) 3.并列主语的代词指代 *both.and.连接并列主语时用复数代词；either..or./neither..nor..连接并列主语时，代词随就 近主语变化→例句：Both Lily and Lucy lost their keys.Neither Tom nor his friends have finished their homework. ·代词的指代清晰性（高考易错） 一口避免指代不明 *代词需明确指代前文出现的名词，不可模糊指代→错误例句：Tom told Mike that he was wrong. (he指代不明)正t确例句：Tom told Mike,"You are wrong.”或Tom admitted that he was wrong. 一口t的虚指用法 *it可指代时间/天气/距离等，无实际意义→例句：It is sunny today.It takes10 minutes to walk there. -口one/ones/that/those的替代区别 *one替代单数可数名词，ones替代复数可数名词，that替代不可数名词或特指单数可数名词，those 替代特指复数可数名词→例句：I need a pen.Can you lend me one?The books here are better than those there.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. ·特殊代词的固定搭配（高考常考） -口none与no one的☒别 *none既可指人也可指物，可接of短语，回答how many/much;no one仅指人，不可接of短语，回 答who→例句：-How many students are late?-None.-ho is in the room?-No one.. -口another/the other/others的用法 *another表“另一个”（三者及以上），the other表“两者中的另一个”，others表“其余的人/物”（无 范围)，the others表“其余的人物”（有范围）→例句：I have two pens.One is red,the other is blue.Some students like music,others like art.This shirt is too small.Please give me another. -口all/both/either/neither的用法 *all表“三者及以上都”，both表“两者都”，either表“两者中任一”，neither表“两者都不”→ All of the books are interesting.Both of my parents are teachers.Either answer is correct. Neither of them has been to Beijing. ·关系代词与关系副词的区分（高考重点） -口关系代词在从句中作主语/宾语定语，关系副词(when/where/why)在从句中作状语 *例句：The day when we met is unforgettable.(when作时间状语)The house which/that he bought is big.(which/that作宾语) 一口介词+关系代词的结构 *关系代词whom/which可用于介个词后，指人用whom,指物用which→例句：The man with whom I talked is a doctor.This is the house in which I lived. -口as引导定语从句的固定搭配 *such.as./the same..as.中as作关系代词→例句：This is such a beautiful city as|have ever seen.He bought the same bike as mine. 语法复习丨英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 考法一：物主代词的分类及用法辨析 ·核心：区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的语法功能，根据语境选择正确形式（形容词性物主代 词后接名词，名词性物主代词独立使用) ·真题1（语法填空）： -This is not my pen.-(she)is on the desk. -答案：Hers解析：空格后无名词，需用名词性物主代词独立作主语，she的名词性物主代词为hers, 句首首字母大写。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Is this book? --No,it isn't._is in my schoolbag A.your;My B.yours;Mine C.your;Mine D.yours;My -答案：C解析：第一空后有名词book,需用形容词性物主代词you;第二空后无名词，需用名词性物 主代词mine独立作主语，故选C。 考法二：代词指代一致与逻辑关系辨析 ·核心：结合上下文语境，判断代词指代对象的单复数、所属关系及逻辑一致性，避免指代不明或语法错 误 ·真题1（语法填空）： The team_(win)the championship last year._(it/they)is/are preparing for the next competition now. -答案：won;They解析：第一空由时间标志词”last year”可知用一般过去时，win的过去式为won;第 二空team表成员时用复数代词they,be动词用are。 ·真题2（完形填空）： Some students prefer online learning,while _think traditional classes are better. A.another B.others C.the other D.the others -答案：B解析：由”some.others.”固定搭配可知，空格处表示“其余的人”（无范围），用others。 another表“另一个”（三者及以上），the other表“两者中的另一个”，the others表“其余的人物”（有 范围)，均不符合语境。 考法三：代词的综合运用与指代逻辑 ·核心：结合代词分类、特殊用法及指代一致性，判断不同语境下代词的正确形式及逻辑关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The team_are celebrating their victory now.-worked hard for months,and the prize is_. A.who;They;theirs B.which;It;its C.that;They;theirs D.whom;It;theirs -答案：C解析：第一空考查关系代词，先行词"team”指物，且在从句中作主语，可用that/which;第二 空指代"team”成员，用复数代词they;第三空名词性物主代词theirs=-their prize,表所属。A项who 指人不符合；B项it指代整体与”are celebrating'”矛盾；D项whom作宾语不符合语法，故选C。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --of the students has finished _homework,so the teacher asked some to stay.Few said_could finish it in an hour -答案：None;their;;they解析：第一空由”few”可知表否定，"none of+复数名词”作主语谓语用单数； 第二空形容词性物主代词their指代students;第三空人称代词主格they指代few students,符合指 代一致性。 语法复习|英语」北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 解题小妙招 物主代词辨功能，形代名后代名跟； 名代独立可单用，形代必须接名词。 指代一致看对象，单复所属要分明； 集体名词看含义，整体单数成员复。 综合运用记分类，特殊搭配要分清； some others常连用，none of后接复数。 关系代词选恰当，先行指物that用； 人称物主交替用，逻辑一致是核心。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is not my dictionary.-is on the desk over there. A.My B.Mine C.Me D.I 2.The girl_is standing at the door is my cousin. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 3.-Who will go to the party with you? 4.-I prefer to go alone. A.Someone B.Anyone C.No one D.Everyone 5.Neither Tom nor his parents__satisfied with the result,so_decided to try again. A.is;he B.are;they C.is;they D.are;he 6.The book _I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting. A.who B.where C.which D.whose 7.Some students like playing basketball,while-enjoy swimming. A.another B.others C.the other D.the others 8.This is the first time _I have visited the Great Wall. A.which B.when C.that D.where 9.My brother taught how to repair the bike.Now he can do it by_. A.himself;him B.him;himself C.his;him D.he;himself 10.The weather in Beijing is colder thanin Guangzhou in winter. A.it B.that C.one D.this 11.-Is this your umbrella? 12.-No,it isn't_.Maybe it's_. A.mine;her B.my;hers C.mine;hers D.my;her