非谓语动词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（北师大版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） Chapter1非谓语动词系统复习 考频分析 非谓语动词是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选 择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(23题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构的丰富性 与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择（不定式、动名词、分词）及逻辑关系往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对非谓语动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·非谓语动词形式辨析：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)的构 成与基本特征； ·句法功能应用：作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语的用法及结构特点； ·固定搭配与语境区分：接不定式与动名词的动词短语固定搭配，现在分词与过去分词的语态和时态含义 差异，非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系判断。 精讲精练 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 ·动词不定式(to+动词原形，否定式：not to do) 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 -例句：To learn English well is important..(作主语)☐He wants to go to college.(作宾语)☐Her job is to teach kids..(作表语)口I have a lot of homework to do.(作定语)口He got up early to catch the bus.(作目的状语)口ly mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) ·动名词（动词原形+ing,具有名词性质） 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 -例句：口Swimming is good for health.(作主语)☐She enjoys listening to music.(作宾语)☐His hobby is playing basketball.(作表语)口There is a reading room in our school..(作定语) ·分词 一现在分词（动词原形+ing,表主动或进行） *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句：口The running water is clean.(作定语，表主动)He sat there reading a book..(作状语， 表伴随)口The movie is interesting.(作表语，表主动特征)口I heard her singing in the room.(作 宾语补足语，表主动进行) -过去分词（动词-ed形式，表被动或完成） *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句：口The broken window was repaired.(作定语，表被动完成)口Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动)口She was excited at the news.(作表语，表被动感受)口Ihad my hair cut yesterday.(作宾语补足语，表被动) 【即学即练】 1.【非谓语分类】"Swimming is my favorite sport.”中”Swimming”属于哪种非谓语动词？ A.动词不定式 B.动名词 C.现在分词 D.过去分词 2.【不定式功能】在句子"He got up early to catch the bus.”中，不定式"to catch the bus”作什么成分？ A.主语 B.宾语 C.目的状语 D.定语 3.【分词辨析】请判断"The broken cup is on the floor..”中"broken”的用法： 4.【动名词功能】"There is a reading room in our school..”中"reading”作什么成分？ A.表语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.状语 5.【非谓语否定】动词不定式的否定形式是一，动名词的否定形式是一。 语法复习|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的时态与语态变化 ·动词不定式的时态与语态 1.一般式（动作与谓语动作同时/之后发生） -主动语态：todo -例句：She hopes to study abroad next year.(希望明年留学，动作在hope之后) -被动语态：to be done -例句：He is planning to be invited to the party.(计划被邀请，被动关系) 2.进行式（动作与谓语动作同时进行） -主动语态：to be doing -例句：He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.(妈妈进来时，他假装正在看书) 一被动语态：无（进行式不定式无被动形式） 3.完成式（动作发生在谓语动作之前） -主动语态：to have done -例句：'m sorry to have kept you waiting.(让你等了，keep发生在sorry之前) -被动语态：to have been done -例句：The project is reported to have been completed last month.(据报道项目上月已完成，被动 且先于reported) ·动名词的时态与语态 1.一般式（动作与谓语动作同时之后发生） -主动语态：doing -例句：She enjoys singing in the park.(唱歌与enjoy同时发生) -被动语态：being done -例句：He hates being laughed at in public.(讨厌被当众嘲笑，被动关系) 2.完成式（动作发生在谓语动作之前） -主动语态：having done -例句：Having finished homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后才出去玩，先于went out) -被动语态：having been done -例句：Having been told the news,.she burst into tears.(被告知消息后大哭，被动且先于burst) ·分词的时态与语态补充（与主句动作的时间关系） 1.现在分词完成式（动作先于主句动作） -主动语态：having done -例句：Having lived in Beijing for10 years,.he knows the city well.(住北京10年后，他很了解这 座城市) -被动语态：having been done -例句：Having been repaired,the machine works well now.(被修好后，机器现在运转良好) 2.过去分词的时间隐含（默认先于/伴随主句动作） -例句：Seen from the top,the village looks like a picture.(从J顶部看，村庄像一幅画，seen先于 looks) -例句：The teacher stood there,surrounded by students.(老师站在那里，被学生围着，surrounded 与stood同时) ·非谓语动词时态语态对比填空（高中常考） 1.The student admitted_(cheat))in the exam.(admit后接动名词，主动且无时间差，填cheating) 2._(finish)the task,we went to the cinema.(动作先于went,主动，填Having finished) 3.She is said_(study)abroad,but'm not sure.(据说正在国外学习，进行式，填to be studying) 4.The novel._(write)by Lu Xun is still popular today.(被鲁迅写的小说，被动且完成，填written) 知识点三：非谓语动词的特殊用法及解题技巧 ·非谓语动词作状语的逻辑主语一致性（高中重点难点） 一主动关系（非谓语动作由主句主语发出） -例句：Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(walk的逻辑主语是she,主动关系) -被动关系（非谓语动作由主句主语承受） -例句：Caught in the rain,he got a cold.(caught的逻辑主语是he,被动关系) 一独立主格结构（逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时需补充主语） -例句：The meeting being over,we went to have dinner..(the meeting是being over的逻辑主语，与 主句主语we不同) ·非谓语动词的否定形式（高中基础必备） -不定式否定：not to do -例句：He decided not to attend the party, -动名词否定：not doing -例句：She apologized for not telling the truth. -分词否定：not doing not done -例句：Not knowing what to do,he turned to his teacher for help.(现在分词否定) -例句：Not invited to the party,Mary felt sad.(过去分词否定) ·非谓语动词与从句的转换（高中语法转换核心） 一不定式与目的状语从句转换 -原句：He works hard to pass the exam. -转换：He works hard so that he can pass the exam 一分词与定语从句转换 -原句：The girl standing under the tree is my sister -转换：The girl who is standing under the tree is my sister. 一动名词与主语从句转换 -原句：Learning English well is important. -转换：It is important that we learn English well. ·高中易混非谓语动词辨析（高考高频考点） 1.to do vs doing作宾语的区别 -forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：I forgot to lock the door..(未做) -forget doing(忘记做过)→例句：I forgot locking the door..(已做) -remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk.(未做) -remember doing(记得做过)→例句：I remember buying milk yesterday..(已做) 2.to do vs doing作结果状语的区别 -only to do(意外结果)→例句：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.. -doing(自然结果)→例句：It rained heavily,causing floods in the area. ·高考真题改编单选练习 1._(see)from space,the earth looks like a blue ball. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 2.答案：C,逻辑主语eath与see为被动关系 3.The teacher asked us_(not talk)during the class. A.not talk B.not to talk C.not talking D.don't talk 4.答案：B,不定式否定结构not to do 5.He is said_(study)in the USA for three years. A.to study B.studying C.to have studied D.having studied 6.答案：C,动作先于is said,.用完成式to have done 7.(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish 8.答案：C,动作先于went out,,主动关系用having done 语法复习|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 考法一：非谓语动词作定语的用法辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的主被动关系及动作状态，选择正确的非谓语形式（不定式现在分 词/过去分词) ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_(stand)under the tree is my best friend -答案：standing解析：被修饰词“the girl”与非谓语动词“stand”是主动关系，且动作正在进行，用 现在分词作定语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： I have a lot of homework_(do)this evening A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 一答案：B解析：此处表示“要去做的作业”，用动词不定式作后置定语，表将来动作。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语的时态语态与逻辑主语判断 ·核心：结合非谓语动词的时态语态（动作与主句动作的时间关系及主被动）和逻辑主语一致性（非谓语 动作与主句主语的关系)，选择正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(live)in Paris for five years,he speaks French fluently -答案：Having lived解析：live的逻辑主语是主句主语he,为主动关系；"for five years'”表明动作发生 在speaks之前，现在分词完成式表主动先于，故填Having lived。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -(show)around the lab,the students were very excited. A.Showing B.Showed C.Being shown D.Having shown -答案：C解析：show的逻辑主语是主句主语the students,为被动关系；”被带领参观”与”感到兴奋” 同时发生，现在分词被动式表被动进行，故填Being shown。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合运用（时态、语态及逻辑关系） ·核心：结合非谓语动词的分类、时态语态变化及逻辑主语一致性，判断不同语境下的正确形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the project in time,the workers were working at weekends. A.Completing B.Having completed C.To complete D.Completed 一答案：C解析：句意“为了及时完成项目，工人们周未在工作”，表目的用不定式too;A项现在分 词表主动伴随，B项完成式强调先于主句动作，D项过去分词表被动，均不符合语境逻辑。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The girl was lucky_(save)by a passer-by when she fell into the river. -答案：to have been saved解析：be lucky to do”为固定结构，save与主语the girl为被动关系；“获 救”发生在“was lucky”之前，需用完成式被动语态to have been done,故填to have been saved。 解题小妙招 非谓作定看关系，主动进行用现分，被动完成用过分，将来未动用不定式； 非谓作状先找主，逻辑主语是关键，主动关系用现分，被动关系用过分； 时态先后要分明，先于主句用完成，同时进行用一般，目的结果不定式； 综合运用看语境，目的用todo,伴随用doing,被动done别忘记，逻辑一致是前提。 语法复习|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The teacher asked us_loudly in the library. A.not speak B.not to speak C.not speaking D.don't speak 2.-the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock this morning. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 3.The novelby Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 4.She pretended _when her father called her name. A.to read B.reading C.to be reading D.being read 5._in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the police. A.Lost B.Losing C.Having lost D.To lose 6.I remember_the door before I left,but it's open now. A.lock B.to lock C.locking D.locked 7._the project,we need to work extra hours this month. A.Completing B.To complete C.Completed D.Having completed 8.The children were excited_the pandas in the zoo. A.to see B.seeing C.seen D.see 9.-from the top of the tower,the city looks even more beautiful. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 10.He is said_a new book about environmental protection. A.writing B.to write C.to be writing D.written 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She hopes(visit)her grandparents next summer vacation. 2.(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation 3.The machine_(invent)last year has been widely used in factories. 4.They decided _(not attend)the meeting because of the heavy rain. 5.-(live)in this city for ten years,he knows every street very well. 6.The students are looking forward to _(travel)to the science museum. 7.I have a letter_(post),can you help me? 8._(show)around the campus,the guests were impressed by the modern facilities. 9.The girl was noticed_(enter)the building with a stranger just now.