精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

哈九中 2024 级高二上学期 12 月月考 英语试题 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the woman take with her? A. A sports bag. B. A suitcase. C. A backpack. 2. Why did the man call off his trip? A. The weather was bad. B. He wasn’t interested in it. C. There was an urgent situation. 3. What will the woman do? A. Collect some plants. B. Go to work in the lab. C. Deliver some materials. 4. How does the man feel about his grandmother’s moving in? A. Appreciative. B. Surprised. C. Anxious. 5. Where is the woman’s book now? A. On a bed. B. On a desk. C. In a chest. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题，每段对话读两遍。 6. What is the man’s primary concern about the investment? A. The profit. B. The safety. C. The flexibility. 7. What is the woman going to do? A. Show the man a website. B. Give the man a user guide. C. Open an account for the man. 听第 7 段材料，回答 8、9 题。 8. Where are the speakers? A. In the man’s house. B. On a plane. C. At an airport. 9. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Use the fast check - in service. B. Take the blue suitcase on board. C. Let his children go through security first. 听第 8 段材料，回答 10 至 12 题。 10. What is Simon’s main job responsibility? A. Selling products. B. Developing software. C. Making a product. 11. What problem is Simon faced with in his work? A. Unpredictable market trends. B. Tight working time. C. Difficult relations with customers. 12. How many employees work at Simon’s company? A. 3. B. 12. C. 13. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What are Nicole and Anthony? A. Film critics. B. News reporters. C. Radio presenters. 14. What is the speakers’ opinion on the new James Bond actor? A. He was a good fit but not the best. B. He was a typical James Bond actor. C. He made the character unbelievable. 15. Which does Nicole think was good about the movie? A. The music. B. The story. C. The special effects. 16. What rating does Anthony give the movie? A. Two stars. B. Four stars. C. Five stars. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is Tim mainly talking about? A. The career of him and Sam. B. The development of his musical talent. C. The experiences of being twin brothers. 18. When was Tim born? A. In January. B. In October. C. In December. 19. What is probably the physical difference between the twins? A. The hair. B. The build. C. The voice. 20. What can we learn about Tim? A. He is less confident than Sam. B. He is not interested in going out. C. He is going to put out Soul Brothers. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Switzerland is not a cheap country to live in. However, the education comes at a relatively low tuition fee (学费), especially compared to similarly top - ranked education hot spots worldwide! In order to prepare for your study, take a look at the student budget. Please check out the exact costs in the universities you are going to apply for. Student budget in Switzerland Tuition fee CHF500 — 2,000 per semester, depending on universities Supplies CHF100 per month Food CHF600 per month Accommodation CHF700 per month Clothes and personal items CHF150 per month Health insurance CHF90 per month Others（phone, internet, transport） CHF200 per month Programme Duration & ECTS Switzerland — like all other European countries — uses the “European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System” (ECTS). It is designed to award credit points according to the achievement of learning outcomes. Put in simple terms: To get a degree, you have to get all the required credit points .The ECTS credit point system allows students to have their achievements easily recognized in other European countries. One ECTS credit point equals on average between 25 and 30 hours (workload). 60 credits are assigned to one year of full-time study. 180 credits are required for a bachelor degree and it takes three years of full-time study. A master’s degree is worth 90 — 120 credits and takes 1.5 — 2 years of full-time study. Working While Studying Foreign students may work a maximum of 15 hours per week during their studies, and up to 100 per cent during semester breaks. This must be reported, in all cases, to the responsible authorities and apply for a work permit. Students from outside the EU/EFTA region may only start working six months after the beginning of their studies. 1. How much will a student spend on food and accommodation each month? A. About CHF600. B. About CHF700. C. About CHF800. D. About CHF1,300. 2. What can be learned about the so-called ECTS credit points? A. They are only awarded to international students. B. They are widely accepted in European universities. C. 180 ECTS credits are required for a master’s degree. D. Students have to study 20 hours to get one ECTS credit. 3. What should a Chinese student do if she wants to work in Switzerland? A. Get an EU/EFTA card. B. Limit work hours to 25. C. Apply for a work permit. D. Look for work on arrival. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍瑞士留学的费用预算、ECTS学分体系以及留学生的打工规定，为准备赴瑞留学者提供参考。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Student budget in Switzerland”表格中的信息，“Food”每月CHF600，“Accommodation”每月CHF700，两者每月总花费为600 + 700 = CHF1300。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Programme Duration & ECTS”部分中的“The ECTS credit point system allows students to have their achievements easily recognized in other European countries.(ECTS学分体系能让学生的学业成绩在其他欧洲国家轻松得到认可)”可知，ECTS学分在欧洲大学中被广泛接受。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Working While Studying”部分中的“Foreign students may work a maximum of 15 hours per week during their studies, and up to 100 per cent during semester breaks. This must be reported, in all cases, to the responsible authorities and apply for a work permit. Students from outside the EU/EFTA region may only start working six months after the beginning of their studies.(外国学生在学习期间每周最多可以工作15个小时，在学期休息期间最多可以工作100%。但无论何种情况，都必须向主管部门报备并申请工作许可。来自欧盟/欧洲自由贸易联盟以外地区的学生，需在入学六个月后才能开始打工)”可知，中国学生若想在瑞士打工，需申请工作许可。故选C项。 B In the scientific history, few rivalries (竞争) have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. These two inventors, each with their unique approaches and visions, engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation. The paths of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison first crossed in the late 1800s when Tesla arrived in the United States with his boundless enthusiasm and inventive spirit. Tesla, a young Serbian engineer, sought opportunities to work on his ambitious ideas. Edison, already an established inventor and entrepreneur, recognized Tesla’s talent and employed him at his company, the Edison Machine Works. It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant method for electrical distribution, while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater efficiency over longer distances. The turning point in their rivalry occurred with the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893．Tesla, backed by George Westinghouse, successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system. This success crushed Edison’s claims of DC’s superiority, leading to the widespread adoption of AC as the standard for electrical power transmission (传输). However due to Edison’s influence, AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. In order to demonstrate its safety, Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls, proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world. While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America, it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point. Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”. Despite their differences, the two men had an unwilling respect for each other. Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity. Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century, its impact still resonates (产生共鸣) today. 4. In which aspect did Tesla’s and Edison’s views on electrical systems differ? A. The source of electrical power. B. The invention of electrical devices. C. The efficiency of power generation. D. The method of electrical transmission. 5. How did Tesla prove the reliability of AC power? A. By conducting a public experiment at Niagara Falls. B. By displaying AC- powered lighting in a community. C. By getting support from George Westinghouse. D. By highlighting the limitations of DC power. 6. Why did Tesla’s AC system finally achieve success? A. It provided higher voltage outputs. B. It was easier to operate and maintain. C. It had superior long-range performance. D. It received more financial backing. 7. What message does the author want to convey in the text? A. Every cloud has a silver lining. B. Real knowledge comes from practice. C. A rising tide lifts all boats. D. Rivalry fuels progress. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。通过讲述尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla）和托马斯·爱迪生（Thomas Edison）之间的竞争故事，详细说明了这两位发明家在电力和创新领域所产生的影响以及他们各自的技术观点。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant method for electrical distribution, while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater efficiency over longer distances.(正是在特斯拉为爱迪生工作的那段时间里，竞争的种子播下了。爱迪生主张将直流电（DC）作为主要的配电方式，而特斯拉则看到了交流电（AC）系统的潜力，交流电可以在更远的距离上提供更高的效率)”可知，特斯拉和爱迪生在电传动的方法有所不同。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“However, due to Edison’s influence, AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. In order to demonstrate its safety, Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls, proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world.(然而，由于爱迪生的影响，交流电最初被认为是危险和不可靠的。为了证明它的安全性，特斯拉举行了一次公开演示，他用尼亚加拉大瀑布供电的交流电机点亮了一串灯，从而彻底证明了交流电在世界各地的家庭和企业中使用是安全的)”可知，特斯拉通过在尼亚加拉大瀑布进行公开实验来证明交流电的可靠性。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America, it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point. Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”.(虽然双方都在为控制美国各地的配电网络而激烈竞争，但最终特斯拉的交流系统胜出，因为与直流系统相比，它在长距离上的效率更高，而直流系统随着距离源点的增加而迅速失去电压。最后，连爱迪生自己也接受了失败，他终于承认“特斯拉解决了一个极其困难的问题”)”可知，因为交流系统具有优越的远程性能，所以最终取得了成功。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In the scientific history, few rivalries (竞争) have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. These two inventors, each with their unique approaches and visions, engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation.(在科学史上，很少有竞争能像尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争那样引人入胜。这两位发明家，各有其独特的方法和愿景，从事激烈的竞争，永远改变了世界的电力和创新)”以及最后一段“Despite their differences, the two men had an unwilling respect for each other. Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity. Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century, its impact still resonates (产生共鸣) today.(尽管他们有分歧，这两个人还是不情愿地互相尊重。爱迪生称特斯拉是“世界上最伟大的电气天才之一”，而特斯拉则称赞爱迪生对电学领域的贡献。尽管他们的竞争决定了19世纪后期电力的发展，但其影响至今仍在产生共鸣)”可知，文章主要讲述了尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争改变世界的电力和创新，所以作者想在文章中传达竞争推动进步的观点。故选D项。 C For over a century, hypodermic needles have been a standard tool in medicine. Despite advances in medical technology, the basic design of needles—a hollow, pointed tube—has remained largely unchanged. With luck, that may soon change. As Yichi Ma, a mechanical engineer at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues outline in a review paper in Biomimetic Intelligence and Robotics, researchers around the world are now turning to nature for inspiration to create less painful and more effective needles. An obvious source of ideas has been mosquitoes, which manage to extract their blood meals almost painlessly. One reason is that the insects employ some specific chemicals when they first pierce the skin. But another has to do with the shape and action of their mouth parts. Their proboscis has a serrated (锯齿状的), soft tip and vibrates as it pierces the skin, reducing the force needed. Scientists have developed needles mimicking this design, which require 27% less insertion force than traditional needles. These “mosquito needles” could improve delicate procedures like biopsies, where precision is critical. Another challenge is guiding long, thin needles deep into the body without bending or breaking. Researchers studied female wasps, which use needle-like ovipositors (产卵器) to drill into wood or fruit before depositing eggs. They consist of sliding sections, similar to an extending telescope. By replicating this structure with special wires, scientists created ultra-thin needles that can navigate tissues like the liver without damage, potentially reducing the need for surgery. There are other ideas, too. One is a needle that swells at the end once inserted, inspired by a worm that attaches itself to fishes. Another is an injector that can precisely steer the flow of drugs across its surfaces. It is modelled after European true bugs, a family which includes aphid and bed bugs. Some can use micro structures to steer defensive chemicals around the outsides of their bodies. For now, such devices remain confined to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to the World Health Organisation, one person in four says they suffer from a fear of needles, so the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable. 8. How do mosquito-inspired needles reduce pain? A. By being shorter and thinner. B. By using chemicals to numb the skin. C. By being softer than traditional needles. D. By vibrating and requiring less insertion force. 9 What can we infer about wasp-inspired needles? A. They are mainly used for biopsies. B. They can bend easily without breaking. C. They may reduce the need for some surgeries. D. They are already widely used in hospitals. 10. What is the advantage of the needle inspired by European true bugs? A. It can vibrate to reduce insertion pain. B. It can swell after entering the body. C. It can precisely control drug delivery. D. It can drill into hard tissues easily. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The History of Hypodermic Needles. B. Nature’s Blueprint for Better Needles. C. How Mosquitoes Inspire Medical Tools. D. The WHO’s Report on Needle Fear. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员从蚊子、黄蜂等自然界生物获灵感，研发更优针具及其潜在优势。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Their proboscis has a serrated (锯齿状的), soft tip and vibrates as it pierces the skin, reducing the force needed. Scientists have developed needles mimicking this design, which require 27% less insertion force than traditional needles. (它们的喙有一个锯齿状的，柔软的尖端，当它刺穿皮肤时振动，减少了所需的力量。科学家们已经开发出了模仿这种设计的针，这种针比传统针所需的插入力少27%。)”可知，受蚊子启发的针在刺穿皮肤时会振动，且插入力比传统针少 27%，所以能减轻疼痛。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“By replicating this structure with special wires, scientists created ultra-thin needles that can navigate tissues like the liver without damage, potentially reducing the need for surgery. (通过用特殊的线复制这种结构，科学家们创造了超薄的针头，可以在不损坏肝脏等组织的情况下导航，从而有可能减少手术的需要。)”可知，受黄蜂启发的针可以在不损伤肝脏等组织的情况下进入体内，有可能减少手术的需求。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Another is an injector that can precisely steer the flow of drugs across its surfaces. It is modelled after European true bugs, a family which includes aphid and bed bugs. (另一种是注射器，可以精确地控制药物在其表面的流动。它模仿的是欧洲真正的虫子，包括蚜虫和臭虫。)”可知，受欧洲臭虫启发的针能精确控制药物的流动，也就是能精确控制药物递送。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“As Yichi Ma, a mechanical engineer at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues outline in a review paper in Biomimetic Intelligence and Robotics, researchers around the world are now turning to nature for inspiration to create less painful and more effective needles. (正如加州大学伯克利分校的机械工程师Yichi Ma和他的同事在《仿生智能与机器人》杂志上发表的一篇综述论文中概述的那样，世界各地的研究人员现在都在向大自然寻求灵感，以制造更少痛苦、更有效的针头。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员从自然界的蚊子、黄蜂、欧洲臭虫等生物身上获取灵感，研发出更好的针。所以“Nature’s Blueprint for Better Needles(自然界为更好的针提供的蓝图)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 D We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. standing on the shoulders of great men, we don’t have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from? A study led by Markus Paulus, professor at Loyola Marymount University, shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood. “It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate (模仿) is inborn, but according to our observation, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations’ efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings,” says Markus Paulus. In this research, Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of6 months , while their final visit was when they were18 months old. As they engaged in various play situations , the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed. The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six- month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of18 months. Paulus’ research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer , through which children successfully learn various skills, such as how to use objects , waving and acquisition of language. “This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human,” says Paulus. “Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood,” says Paulus. “Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again. ” 12. Why does the author mention the example of wheels? A. To praise the invention of car wheels. B. To describe the process of trial and error. C. To emphasize the necessity of new tools. D. To show the importance of prior knowledge. 13. What can we learn about Paulus’ research? A. Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers. B. Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation. C. Children’s ability was analyzed through interaction. D. Effective interaction promoted children’s development. 14. What does the underlined word “nucleus” mean in paragraph 4? A. Core. B. Result. C. Aim. D. Content. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Why does Evolution Matter? B. How to Interact with Children? C. Imitation: The Engine of Evolution D. Cultural Learning: The Root of Imitation 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了模仿对于人际互动，学习和人类文明演进的重要性。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. standing on the shoulders of great men, we don’t have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from?(我们通过几千年积累的知识来了解世界。站在伟人的肩膀上，我们不必经历无尽的尝试和错误，就像汽车的轮子不必每次都重新发明一样。但是我们向别人学习的能力从何而来呢？)”和第二段“It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate (模仿) is inborn, but according to our observation, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations’ efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings(人们通常认为孩子的模仿能力是天生的，但根据我们的观察，孩子模仿是因为他们自己被照顾者模仿。这种相互作用使知识的文化转移成为可能，通过几代人的努力，知识的文化转移最终导致了人类的发展)”可推知，作者提到轮子的例子是为了强调先前知识的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我们不必再重新进行研究和试验。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six- month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of18 months.(这项长期研究表明，母亲在与6个月大的孩子互动时越敏感，她模仿孩子的次数越多，孩子在18个月大时的整体能力就越强)”可知，Paulus的研究表明，妈妈越频繁地模仿孩子，孩子的发育水平越好。因此可知，有效的互动促进了孩子们的发展。故选D。 【14题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human”可知，这种相互作用最终导致了人类进化的成功，说明是学习的核心，故划线词意思是“核心”。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood,” says Paulus. “Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again.”(“文化学习是人类进化的重要组成部分，它植根于对他人的模仿，尤其是我们童年早期的照顾者，”保卢斯说。“通过这种方式，我们相互学习，并将知识传授给下一代，因此某些动作或技术不必不断地重新发明。”)”结合文章主要讲述了模仿在人类进化中的重要性，强调了模仿对于人类进化的推动作用。因此，最佳标题应该是“模仿：进化的引擎”。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项有两项为多余选项。 Why is it so hard to be truly honest with yourself? Sometimes it’s because you don’t know what you want. Other times you do know what you want, but you’re too afraid to admit it. ___16___ Quite often, the truth can be very ugly and painful, particularly if you’ve spent much time lying to yourself about things big and small. ___17___ If you can’t rely on yourself because you aren’t in tune with your truth, you’ll end up making yourself painful. Thus, you must be honest with yourself to figure out what you want out of life so you can actually put forth the effort to build it. Here are three ideas that help you become more honest with yourself. Take time to reflect on your day, every day. What did you do right or wrong? Were there any points where you didn’t act in tune with your actual feelings and desires? ___18___ Considering how you acted throughout the day can help you sort through your feelings and actions of the day if you struggle to be honest with yourself. Acknowledge your feelings. Your feelings are signposts on your journey to truth, peace of mind, and happiness. ___19___ So consider how your experiences and decisions make you feel, and understand why you feel the way you do. This will help you get in tune with yourself and make better decisions about a situation. Accept that you can’t know everything. You can’t possibly know everything about everybody. Therefore, it’s absolutely normal for you to do something wrong. So don’t make excuses for yourself. ___20___ A. How will you do better? B. But why is honesty with yourself so important? C. This isn’t a matter of being smart or wise enough. D. Could you have spoken up and advocated for yourself better? E. They’re trying to point you to ward a path that makes sense for you. F. You just need to be honest with yourself when you make those mistakes. G. Maybe you just don’t want to accept reality because the truth is unpleasant. 【答案】16. G 17. B 18. D 19. E 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种如何对自己诚实的办法。 【16题详解】 根据上一句“Other times you do know what you want, but you’re too afraid to admit it.”（有时候你知道你想要什么，但不敢承认。）可知，选项G. Maybe you just don’t want to accept reality because the truth is unpleasant.（也许你只是不想接受现实，因为真相令人不快。）符合语境，在不敢承认的基础上，进一步分析了另一种可能性——不想接受现实，承接上文，语意衔接合理；下一句“Quite often, the truth can be very ugly and painful,”（很多时候，真相可能是非常丑陋和痛苦的。）中的“truth”是对选项G中的“truth”的补充说明，衔接合理，符合语境。故选G。 【17题详解】 空处为该段的主题句。根据“If you can’t rely on yourself because you aren’t in tune with your truth, you’ll end up making yourself painful.”（如果你不能依靠自己，因为你与你的真相不一致，你最终会让自己痛苦。）和“Thus, you must be honest with yourself to figure out what you want out of life so you can actually put forth the effort to build it.”（因此，你必须对自己诚实，找出你想要的生活，这样你才能真正付出努力去实现它。）可知，第二段主要讲述了要对自己诚实的原因，选项B. But why is honesty with yourself so important?（但为什么对自己诚实如此重要呢？）符合段落主旨，下文对这个问题进行回答。故选B。 【18题详解】 根据空处前的两个问句“What did you do right or wrong? Were there any points where you didn’t act in tune with your actual feelings and desires? ”（你做对了还是做错了？有没有什么时候你的行为与你的真实感受和欲望不一致？）推知，空处很有可能也是一个问句；选项D. Could you have spoken up and advocated for yourself better?（你能不能更大声地为自己辩护？）也是在对自己进行提问，反思自己一天的行为，衔接合理；下一句“Considering how you acted throughout the day can help you...”（考虑一下你一整天的行为会帮助你……）对前三个问题进行了总结，即反思自己一天的行为会有所帮助，符合语境。故选D。 【19题详解】 根据上一句“Your feelings are signposts on your journey to truth, peace of mind, and happiness.”（你的感受是你通往真理、心灵平静和幸福之旅的路标。）可知，你的感受是通往真理、心理平静和幸福的路标，即它们为你指明了道路；选项E. They’re trying to point you to ward a path that makes sense for you.（它们试图为你指明一条对你有意义的道路。）符合题意，其中“They”指代上一句中的“signposts”，承接上文，语意衔接合理。故选E。 【20题详解】 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据前文“Therefore, it’s absolutely normal for you to do something wrong. So don’t make excuses for yourself.”（因此，你做错事是完全正常的，所以不要为自己找借口。）可知，要承认自己的错误，即对自己诚实，选项F. You just need to be honest with yourself when you make those mistakes.（当你犯错误的时候，你只需要对自己诚实。）符合题意，“when you make those mistakes”与前文中的“do something wrong”相对应，与文章主题呼应。故选F。 第三部分：英语知识运用 第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I had spent the previous decade working ___21___ toward my goal of becoming a professor. However, after my 30th birthday, the attraction of academia ___22___. I decided to ___23___ my academic career plans and set my sights on business. Soon, an offer arrived: a six figure research ___24___ in product development. It seemed to be everything I ___25___, so I took it. Yet, later I found I was back to the ___26___ tasks I’d once completed as an undergraduate research assistant. Repeated routine work wasn’t where I wanted to be in my career. I was more ___27___ — I wanted to ___28___ projects and lead a team. But the general manager wouldn’t give those ___29___ to me until I’d proved myself. I realized I need to let go of the idea that I was already a(n) “____30____” in my field. I had to become a(n)____31____ once again. So, in the months that followed, I set out to learn everything I could about my new career. In some ways, product development was ____32____ to my academic research. But in other ways, it was vastly different. I needed to create profit, not just ____33____. As I read professional materials passionately, I realized my PhD gave me a “learner” personality — loving to ____34____ and grow. Two years later, I became the chief engineer at the company. When asked to describe my greatest ____35____, I smiled and said: “I have a PhD. I learn incredibly fast.” 21. A. frequently B. continually C. unwillingly D. occasionally 22. A. faded B. exchanged C. increased D. appeared 23. A. try out for B. take pride in C. get rid of D. come up with 24. A. project B. salary C. demand D. position 25. A. owned B. harvested C. designed D. expected 26. A. mixed B. difficult C. dull D. burdensome 27. A. independent B. ambitious C. promising D. generous 28. A. manage B. change C. fund D. study 29. A. benefits B. responsibilities C. congratulations D. pressures 30. A. expert B. professor C. partner D. performer 31. A. member B. manager C. student D. engineer 32. A. equal B. similar C. helpful D. contradictory 33. A. products B. opportunities C. knowledge D. accounts 34. A. expand B. negotiate C. advocate D. recite 35. A. principle B. aim C. decision D. strength 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从追求成为教授的学术道路转向商业领域，虽然初期陷入重复性工作，但凭借博士学位培养的学习能力，最终成长为首席工程师，并认识到持续学习的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，我一直在不断地朝着成为教授的目标努力。A. frequently频繁地；B. continually不断地；C. unwillingly不情愿地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据后文“toward my goal of becoming a professor”可知，作者一直在朝着成为教授的目标不断努力。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我30岁生日之后，学术界的吸引力逐渐消失了。A. faded褪色，消失；B. exchanged交换；C. increased增加；D. appeared出现。根据后文“I decided to ___3___ my academic career plans and set my sights on business.”可知，作者决定放弃学术生涯，转向商业，说明学术界的吸引力逐渐消失了。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我决定放弃我的学术生涯计划，将目光投向商业。A. try out for参加选拔；B. take pride in以……为傲；C. get rid of摆脱，放弃；D. come up with提出。根据后文“set my sights on business”可知，作者决定放弃学术生涯，转向商业。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，一个机会来了：一个六位数的产品开发研究职位。A. project项目；B. salary薪水；C. demand需求；D. position职位。根据后文“in product development”可知，这里指的是一个产品开发的研究职位。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是我所期望的一切，所以我接受了。A. owned拥有；B. harvested收获；C. designed设计；D. expected期望。根据后文“so I took it”可知，作者接受了这个职位，说明这是他所期望的。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，后来我发现我又回到了曾经作为本科研究助理时完成的枯燥任务。A. mixed混合的；B. difficult困难的；C. dull枯燥的；D. burdensome负担重的。根据后文“Repeated routine work wasn’t where I wanted to be in my career.”可知，作者不想从事重复性的日常工作，说明这些任务是枯燥的。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我更有雄心壮志了——我想管理项目和领导团队。A. independent独立的；B. ambitious有雄心的；C. promising有前途的；D. generous慷慨的。根据后文“I wanted to ___8___ projects and lead a team.”可知，作者想管理项目和领导团队，说明他更有雄心壮志了。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我更有雄心壮志了——我想管理项目和领导团队。A. manage管理；B. change改变；C. fund资助；D. study学习。根据后文“and lead a team”以及语境可知，作者想管理项目和领导团队。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是总经理在我证明自己之前不会给我这些责任。A. benefits利益；B. responsibilities责任；C. congratulations祝贺；D. pressures压力。根据上文“I wanted to ___8___ projects and lead a team.”以及后文“until I’d proved myself”可知，作者想管理项目和领导团队，但是总经理在他证明自己之前不会给他这些责任。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我需要放弃我已经是该领域“专家”的想法。A. expert专家；B. professor教授；C. partner伙伴；D. performer表演者。根据后文“in my field”可知，作者曾经是学术界的，现在转向商业界，他需要放弃自己已经是该领域“专家”的想法。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须再次成为一名学生。A. member成员；B. manager经理；C. student学生；D. engineer工程师。根据后文“So, in the months that followed, I set out to learn everything I could about my new career.”可知，作者决定学习关于新职业的一切，说明他必须再次成为一名学生。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些方面，产品开发与我的学术研究相似。A. equal平等的；B. similar相似的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. contradictory矛盾的。根据后文“But in other ways, it was vastly different.”可知，产品开发与作者的学术研究在某些方面相似，但在其他方面却大不相同。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我需要创造利润，而不仅仅是知识。A. products产品；B. opportunities机会；C. knowledge知识；D. accounts账户。根据上文“In some ways, product development was ___12___ to my academic research.”以及“I needed to create profit”可知，作者在商业界需要创造利润，而不仅仅像学术研究只积累知识。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我热情地阅读专业材料时，我意识到我的博士学位给了我一个“学习者”的个性——喜欢扩展和成长。A. expand扩展；B. negotiate谈判；C. advocate提倡；D. recite背诵。根据后文“and grow”以及语境可知，作者的博士学位使他喜欢扩展知识和成长。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及描述我最大的优势时，我微笑着说：“我有博士学位。我学得非常快。”A. principle原则；B. aim目标；C. decision决定；D. strength优势。根据后文“I have a PhD. I learn incredibly fast.”可知，作者认为自己的博士学位和快速学习能力是最大的优势。故选D项。 第二节：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） The 15th National Games opened in Guangzhou on November 9, 2025. As the first National Games ____36____ (co-host) by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, it attracted widespread attention across the country. The opening ceremony was a wonderful mix of tradition and technology. Many Lingnan cultural elements, such as lion dance and Cantonese opera ____37____ (show) with the help of AR and AIGC technologies. This not merely made the performance more vivid ____38____ let more people know about the charm of Lingnan culture. The torch relay was one of the ____39____ (exciting) parts. The flame was collected from 1,522 meters below the South China Sea, a special ____40____ (choose) that makes the event unique. After ____41____ (relay) in three regions, the torch was lit by torchbearers from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao together at the main venue. The mascots “Xiyangyang” and “Lerongrong” were very popular among audiences. They are modeled ____42____ Chinese white dolphins, ____43____ are a symbol of peace and friendship. The two lovely mascots brought joy to both children and adults during the ceremony. This grand event is more than a sports meeting. It helps to strengthen the ____44____ (tie) between the three regions and promotes cultural exchanges. It was a meaningful experience for everyone present. We believe that the spirit of the National Games will encourage people to work harder for ____45____ better future. 【答案】36. co-hosted 37. were shown 38. but 39. most exciting 40. choice 41. being relayed 42 after##on 43. which 44. ties 45. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2025年11月9日在广州开幕的第15届全国运动会的相关情况。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为粤港澳首次联合举办的全国运动会，它吸引了全国的广泛关注。本句已有谓语attracted，所以co-host“联合举办”用非谓语形式，co-host和逻辑主语the first National Games之间是被动关系，用过去分词，作定语。故填co-hosted。 【37题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：许多岭南文化元素，如舞狮和粤剧，在AR和AIGC技术的帮助下被展示出来。本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语Many Lingnan cultural elements和谓语show“展示”之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were shown。 【38题详解】 考查连词。句意：这不仅使表演更加生动，而且让更多的人了解岭南文化的魅力。not merely...but (also)...是固定短语，意为“不仅……而且……”，所以此处用but。故填but。 【39题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：火炬传递是最激动人心的部分之一。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，是固定句型，意为“最……之一”，所以此处用形容词最高级。故填most exciting。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：火焰是从南海1522米以下采集的，这一特殊的选择使这一活动独一无二。本空作The flame的同位语，用名词形式choice“选择”，由不定冠词a可知，用单数形式。故填choice。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在三个地区传递后，火炬由来自广东、香港和澳门的火炬手在主会场共同点燃。本空作介词After的宾语，且relay“接转”与逻辑主语the torch为被动关系，用的动名词的被动语态being relayed。故填being relayed。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：它们以中华白海豚为原型，中华白海豚是和平与友谊的象征。be modeled after/on是固定短语，意为“以……为原型”。故填after/on。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们以中华白海豚为原型，中华白海豚是和平与友谊的象征。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese white dolphins，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【44题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：它有助于加强三个地区之间的联系，促进文化交流。本空作strengthen的宾语，用名词tie“联系”，由between the three regions可知，联系不止一个，用复数形式。故填ties。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：我们相信，全运会的精神将鼓励人们更加努力地工作，创造一个更美好的未来。future是可数名词，此处泛指“一个更美好的未来”，用不定冠词，better是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。故填a。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节：（满分 15 分） 46. 假如你是李华，请根据你校英文校刊“Times Change”栏目提供的近五年工作需求图表（The Fastest Growing Jobs）撰写短文投稿。内容包括： 1. 描述现象； 2. 分析原因； 3. 你的职业选择。 注意： 1. 至少包括表格中的两项内容： 2. 80词左右。 The following graph is about the job growth between 2021 and 2025 in the world.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The following graph is about the job growth between 2021 and 2025 in the world. Times change, so do jobs. As the graph shows, leading the way is the online shopping industry, where jobs increase by 32 percent between 2021 and 2025. It’s not surprising since the progress of the Internet has been greatly influencing us and forever changing our lifestyles. Jobs related to environmental, conservationist, and wildlife organizations run a second. That’s because people have been increasingly environmentally conscious and are trying to pull their own weight for a better Earth. Being a software engineer would be my ideal job. I’m always crazy about programming. I’d be content to know my work makes people’s life more convenient. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生根据近五年工作需求图表撰写短文投稿，内容需涵盖描述现象、分析原因及阐述个人职业选择。 【详解】1.词汇积累 进步：progress→ advancement 影响：influence→ affect 相关的：related→ connected 理想的：ideal→ perfect 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：As the graph shows, leading the way is the online shopping industry, where jobs increase by 32 percent between 2021 and 2025. 拓展句：It is shown in the graph that leading the way is the online shopping industry, where jobs increase by 32 percent between 2021 and 2025. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s not surprising since the progress of the Internet has been greatly influencing us and forever changing our lifestyles.（运用了since引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】That’s because people have been increasingly environmentally conscious and are trying to pull their own weight for a better Earth.（运用了because引导的表语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 George, owner of a popular restaurant, was known for his excellent food, which was much loved by his customers. Even though he was talented, successful, and wealthy, his employees feared him for his strictness. Debbie, a new waitress at George’s restaurant, was hardworking, always serving customers with a smile. George was satisfied with her work. After about two months, George asked the night manager about Debbie, and the man had only good things to say about her. “She’s smart, quick, and efficient, and she deals with customers better than anyone! We are searching for an assistant manager, and she seems like a good candidate. She’s got great potential!” However one night, George caught Debbie in the act of stealing. Walking into the kitchen, he saw her putting a box carefully into her bag. “Debbie!” he called out. “Come to my office now!” He was seated behind his desk with a serious look as she entered. “Open your bag,” George ordered. Debbie’s face tuned red, and she opened her bag to take out two plastic boxes, shaking as she placed them on the desk. George opened them to find some leftover food and a piece of cake. “You’re fired,” he screamed out in anger. “Right now!” “Please,” Debbie begged. “Please don’t! The food was just going to be thrown away…” “It’s against the rules here,” George replied firmly. “Please,” Debbie continued. “There’s something you don’t know…” She said softly, “My son has leukemia (白血病) , and the treatments are more than I can afford. I’ve been taking the leftover food home to save money for his care.” “Your son has leukemia…” George repeated. “Is this true?” Debbie showed him a photo of a young boy in a hospital bed, smiling bravely. George took a deep breath and looked at Debbie, and said more kindly, “The rules say you should be fired. I’ll talk it over with the night manager. Let’s discuss this tomorrow.” 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Debbie was very worried, but she had no choice. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ George said he made a decision after careful consideration. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Debbie was very worried, but she had no choice. Throughout the whole night, she couldn’t stop thinking about her sick son and the possible result. Losing her job was something she simply could not risk because she desperately needed the money which was crucial for her son’s treatments. When morning came, she hurried to George’s office. She made up her mind to have a more detailed talk with George and ask for his forgiveness. She hoped that George would understand her situation, allowing her to keep her job. George said he made a decision after careful consideration. He decided not to fire Debbie! At the same time, he made a change to the rules, allowing employees to take uneaten food that would normally be thrown away. A huge weight lifted off her shoulders, Debbie couldn’t help crying. George said, “You are a great mother and a dedicated waitress. We’ve decided to promote you to assistant manage. Also, I personally arranged a donation for your son’s medical expenses.” George’s thoughtful assistance greatly comforted her and provided much-needed support to help her get through this tough time. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了乔治餐厅的新女服务员黛比因为儿子患有白血病，为了省钱给儿子治疗，偷偷将餐厅的剩饭带回家，被老板乔治发现后面临被解雇的故事，乔治在了解真相后，决定重新考虑对黛比的处理决定。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“黛比很担心，但她别无选择。”可知，第一段可描写黛比在得知可能失去工作后的焦虑心情以及她整夜的担忧，并决定第二天与乔治深入交谈，寻求理解与宽恕。 ②由第二段首句内容“乔治说他是经过深思熟虑后作出决定的。”可知，第二段可描写乔治对黛比事件的处理结果：他不仅没有解雇黛比，还修改了餐厅规定允许员工带走本将被丢弃的食物，并且出乎意料地提升了黛比为助理经理，甚至私人安排捐款帮助她的儿子支付医疗费用。 2.续写线索： 展现严格管理——新员工脱颖而出——意外发现偷窃行为——恳求解释真相——家庭困境揭露——担心面临失业——寻求理解与宽恕——老板宽容理解——规则改进与晋升援助 3.词汇激活 行为类： ①下定决心：make up one’s mind to→determine to do ②保留：keep→retain ③晋升：promote→elevate 情绪类： ①急切地：desperately→eagerly ②哭：cry→weep 【点睛】【高分句式1】Losing her job was something she simply could not risk because she desperately needed the money which was crucial for her son’s treatments. (运用了省略that引导的限制性定语从句，because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的限制性定语从句) 【高分句式2】She hoped that George would understand her situation, allowing her to keep her job. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 哈九中 2024 级高二上学期 12 月月考 英语试题 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the woman take with her? A. A sports bag. B. A suitcase. C. A backpack. 2. Why did the man call off his trip? A. The weather was bad. B. He wasn’t interested in it. C. There was an urgent situation. 3. What will the woman do? A. Collect some plants. B. Go to work in the lab. C. Deliver some materials. 4. How does the man feel about his grandmother’s moving in? A. Appreciative. B. Surprised. C. Anxious. 5. Where is the woman’s book now? A. On a bed. B. On a desk. C. In a chest. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题，每段对话读两遍。 6. What is the man’s primary concern about the investment? A. The profit. B. The safety. C. The flexibility. 7. What is the woman going to do? A. Show the man a website. B. Give the man a user guide. C. Open an account for the man. 听第 7 段材料，回答 8、9 题。 8. Where are the speakers? A. In the man’s house. B. On a plane. C. At an airport. 9. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Use the fast check - in service. B. Take the blue suitcase on board. C. Let his children go through security first. 听第 8 段材料，回答 10 至 12 题。 10. What is Simon’s main job responsibility? A. Selling products. B. Developing software. C. Making a product. 11. What problem is Simon faced with in his work? A. Unpredictable market trends. B. Tight working time. C. Difficult relations with customers. 12. How many employees work at Simon’s company? A. 3. B. 12. C. 13. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What are Nicole and Anthony? A. Film critics. B. News reporters. C. Radio presenters. 14. What is the speakers’ opinion on the new James Bond actor? A. He was a good fit but not the best. B. He was a typical James Bond actor. C. He made the character unbelievable. 15. Which does Nicole think was good about the movie? A. The music. B. The story. C. The special effects. 16. What rating does Anthony give the movie? A. Two stars. B. Four stars. C. Five stars. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is Tim mainly talking about? A. The career of him and Sam. B. The development of his musical talent. C. The experiences of being twin brothers. 18. When was Tim born? A. In January. B. In October. C. In December. 19. What is probably the physical difference between the twins? A. The hair. B. The build. C. The voice. 20. What can we learn about Tim? A. He is less confident than Sam. B. He is not interested in going out. C. He is going to put out Soul Brothers. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分） A Switzerland is not a cheap country to live in. However, the education comes at a relatively low tuition fee (学费), especially compared to similarly top - ranked education hot spots worldwide! In order to prepare for your study, take a look at the student budget. Please check out the exact costs in the universities you are going to apply for. Student budget in Switzerland Tuition fee CHF500 — 2,000 per semester, depending on universities Supplies CHF100 per month Food CHF600 per month Accommodation CHF700 per month Clothes and personal items CHF150 per month Health insurance CHF90 per month Others（phone, internet, transport） CHF200 per month Programme Duration & ECTS Switzerland — like all other European countries — uses the “European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System” (ECTS). It is designed to award credit points according to the achievement of learning outcomes. Put in simple terms: To get a degree, you have to get all the required credit points .The ECTS credit point system allows students to have their achievements easily recognized in other European countries. One ECTS credit point equals on average between 25 and 30 hours (workload). 60 credits are assigned to one year of full-time study. 180 credits are required for a bachelor degree and it takes three years of full-time study A master’s degree is worth 90 — 120 credits and takes 1.5 — 2 years of full-time study. Working While Studying Foreign students may work a maximum of 15 hours per week during their studies, and up to 100 per cent during semester breaks. This must be reported, in all cases, to the responsible authorities and apply for a work permit. Students from outside the EU/EFTA region may only start working six months after the beginning of their studies. 1. How much will a student spend on food and accommodation each month? A. About CHF600. B. About CHF700. C. About CHF800. D. About CHF1,300. 2. What can be learned about the so-called ECTS credit points? A. They are only awarded to international students. B. They are widely accepted in European universities. C. 180 ECTS credits are required for a master’s degree. D. Students have to study 20 hours to get one ECTS credit. 3. What should a Chinese student do if she wants to work in Switzerland? A. Get an EU/EFTA card. B. Limit work hours to 25. C. Apply for a work permit. D. Look for work on arrival. B In the scientific history, few rivalries (竞争) have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. These two inventors, each with their unique approaches and visions, engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation. The paths of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison first crossed in the late 1800s when Tesla arrived in the United States with his boundless enthusiasm and inventive spirit. Tesla, a young Serbian engineer, sought opportunities to work on his ambitious ideas. Edison, already an established inventor and entrepreneur, recognized Tesla’s talent and employed him at his company, the Edison Machine Works. It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant method for electrical distribution, while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater efficiency over longer distances. The turning point in their rivalry occurred with the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893．Tesla backed by George Westinghouse, successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system. This success crushed Edison’s claims of DC’s superiority, leading to the widespread adoption of AC as the standard for electrical power transmission (传输). However, due to Edison’s influence, AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. In order to demonstrate its safety, Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls, proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world. While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America, it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point. Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”. Despite their differences, the two men had an unwilling respect for each other. Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity. Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century, its impact still resonates (产生共鸣) today. 4. In which aspect did Tesla’s and Edison’s views on electrical systems differ? A. The source of electrical power. B. The invention of electrical devices. C. The efficiency of power generation. D. The method of electrical transmission. 5. How did Tesla prove the reliability of AC power? A By conducting a public experiment at Niagara Falls. B. By displaying AC- powered lighting in a community. C. By getting support from George Westinghouse. D. By highlighting the limitations of DC power. 6. Why did Tesla’s AC system finally achieve success? A. It provided higher voltage outputs. B. It was easier to operate and maintain. C. It had superior long-range performance. D. It received more financial backing. 7. What message does the author want to convey in the text? A. Every cloud has a silver lining. B. Real knowledge comes from practice. C. A rising tide lifts all boats. D. Rivalry fuels progress. C For over a century, hypodermic needles have been a standard tool in medicine. Despite advances in medical technology, the basic design of needles—a hollow, pointed tube—has remained largely unchanged. With luck, that may soon change. As Yichi Ma, a mechanical engineer at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues outline in a review paper in Biomimetic Intelligence and Robotics, researchers around the world are now turning to nature for inspiration to create less painful and more effective needles. An obvious source of ideas has been mosquitoes, which manage to extract their blood meals almost painlessly. One reason is that the insects employ some specific chemicals when they first pierce the skin. But another has to do with the shape and action of their mouth parts. Their proboscis has a serrated (锯齿状的), soft tip and vibrates as it pierces the skin, reducing the force needed. Scientists have developed needles mimicking this design, which require 27% less insertion force than traditional needles. These “mosquito needles” could improve delicate procedures like biopsies, where precision is critical. Another challenge is guiding long, thin needles deep into the body without bending or breaking. Researchers studied female wasps, which use needle-like ovipositors (产卵器) to drill into wood or fruit before depositing eggs. They consist of sliding sections, similar to an extending telescope. By replicating this structure with special wires, scientists created ultra-thin needles that can navigate tissues like the liver without damage, potentially reducing the need for surgery. There are other ideas, too. One is a needle that swells at the end once inserted, inspired by a worm that attaches itself to fishes. Another is an injector that can precisely steer the flow of drugs across its surfaces. It is modelled after European true bugs, a family which includes aphid and bed bugs. Some can use micro structures to steer defensive chemicals around the outsides of their bodies. For now, such devices remain confined to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to the World Health Organisation, one person in four says they suffer from a fear of needles, so the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable. 8. How do mosquito-inspired needles reduce pain? A. By being shorter and thinner. B. By using chemicals to numb the skin. C. By being softer than traditional needles. D. By vibrating and requiring less insertion force. 9. What can we infer about wasp-inspired needles? A. They are mainly used for biopsies. B. They can bend easily without breaking. C. They may reduce the need for some surgeries. D. They are already widely used in hospitals. 10. What is the advantage of the needle inspired by European true bugs? A. It can vibrate to reduce insertion pain. B. It can swell after entering the body. C. It can precisely control drug delivery. D. It can drill into hard tissues easily. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The History of Hypodermic Needles. B. Nature’s Blueprint for Better Needles. C. How Mosquitoes Inspire Medical Tools. D. The WHO’s Report on Needle Fear. D We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. standing on the shoulders of great men, we don’t have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from? A study led by Markus Paulus, professor at Loyola Marymount University, shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood. “It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate (模仿) is inborn, but according to our observation, children imitate because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations’ efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings,” says Markus Paulus. In this research, Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of6 months , while their final visit was when they were18 months old. As they engaged in various play situations , the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed. The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six- month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of18 months. Paulus’ research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer , through which children successfully learn various skills, such as how to use objects , waving and acquisition of language. “This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human,” says Paulus. “Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood,” says Paulus. “Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again. ” 12. Why does the author mention the example of wheels? A. To praise the invention of car wheels. B. To describe the process of trial and error. C. To emphasize the necessity of new tools. D. To show the importance of prior knowledge. 13. What can we learn about Paulus’ research? A. Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers. B. Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation. C. Children’s ability was analyzed through interaction. D. Effective interaction promoted children’s development. 14. What does the underlined word “nucleus” mean in paragraph 4? A. Core. B. Result. C. Aim. D. Content. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Why does Evolution Matter? B. How to Interact with Children? C. Imitation: The Engine of Evolution D. Cultural Learning: The Root of Imitation 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项有两项为多余选项。 Why is it so hard to be truly honest with yourself? Sometimes it’s because you don’t know what you want. Other times you do know what you want, but you’re too afraid to admit it. ___16___ Quite often, the truth can be very ugly and painful, particularly if you’ve spent much time lying to yourself about things big and small. ___17___ If you can’t rely on yourself because you aren’t in tune with your truth, you’ll end up making yourself painful. Thus, you must be honest with yourself to figure out what you want out of life so you can actually put forth the effort to build it. Here are three ideas that help you become more honest with yourself. Take time to reflect on your day, every day. What did you do right or wrong? Were there any points where you didn’t act in tune with your actual feelings and desires? ___18___ Considering how you acted throughout the day can help you sort through your feelings and actions of the day if you struggle to be honest with yourself. Acknowledge your feelings. Your feelings are signposts on your journey to truth, peace of mind, and happiness. ___19___ So consider how your experiences and decisions make you feel, and understand why you feel the way you do. This will help you get in tune with yourself and make better decisions about a situation. Accept that you can’t know everything. You can’t possibly know everything about everybody. Therefore, it’s absolutely normal for you to do something wrong. So don’t make excuses for yourself. ___20___ A. How will you do better? B. But why is honesty with yourself so important? C. This isn’t a matter of being smart or wise enough. D. Could you have spoken up and advocated for yourself better? E. They’re trying to point you to ward a path that makes sense for you. F. You just need to be honest with yourself when you make those mistakes. G. Maybe you just don’t want to accept reality because the truth is unpleasant. 第三部分：英语知识运用 第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I had spent the previous decade working ___21___ toward my goal of becoming a professor. However, after my 30th birthday, the attraction of academia ___22___. I decided to ___23___ my academic career plans and set my sights on business. Soon, an offer arrived: a six figure research ___24___ in product development. It seemed to be everything I ___25___, so I took it. Yet, later I found I was back to the ___26___ tasks I’d once completed as an undergraduate research assistant. Repeated routine work wasn’t where I wanted to be in my career. I was more ___27___ — I wanted to ___28___ projects and lead a team. But the general manager wouldn’t give those ___29___ to me until I’d proved myself. I realized I need to let go of the idea that I was already a(n) “____30____” in my field. I had to become a(n)____31____ once again. So, in the months that followed, I set out to learn everything I could about my new career. In some ways, product development was ____32____ to my academic research. But in other ways, it was vastly different. I needed to create profit, not just ____33____. As I read professional materials passionately I realized my PhD gave me a “learner” personality — loving to ____34____ and grow. Two years later, I became the chief engineer at the company. When asked to describe my greatest ____35____, I smiled and said: “I have a PhD. I learn incredibly fast.” 21. A. frequently B. continually C. unwillingly D. occasionally 22. A. faded B. exchanged C. increased D. appeared 23. A. try out for B. take pride in C. get rid of D. come up with 24. A. project B. salary C. demand D. position 25. A. owned B. harvested C. designed D. expected 26. A. mixed B. difficult C. dull D. burdensome 27. A. independent B. ambitious C. promising D. generous 28. A. manage B. change C. fund D. study 29. A. benefits B. responsibilities C. congratulations D. pressures 30. A. expert B. professor C. partner D. performer 31. A. member B. manager C. student D. engineer 32. A. equal B. similar C. helpful D. contradictory 33. A. products B. opportunities C. knowledge D. accounts 34. A. expand B. negotiate C. advocate D. recite 35. A. principle B. aim C. decision D. strength 第二节：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） The 15th National Games opened in Guangzhou on November 9, 2025. As the first National Games ____36____ (co-host) by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, it attracted widespread attention across the country. The opening ceremony was a wonderful mix of tradition and technology. Many Lingnan cultural elements, such as lion dance and Cantonese opera ____37____ (show) with the help of AR and AIGC technologies. This not merely made the performance more vivid ____38____ let more people know about the charm of Lingnan culture. The torch relay was one of the ____39____ (exciting) parts. The flame was collected from 1,522 meters below the South China Sea, a special ____40____ (choose) that makes the event unique. After ____41____ (relay) in three regions, the torch was lit by torchbearers from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao together at the main venue. The mascots “Xiyangyang” and “Lerongrong” were very popular among audiences. They are modeled ____42____ Chinese white dolphins, ____43____ are a symbol of peace and friendship. The two lovely mascots brought joy to both children and adults during the ceremony. This grand event is more than a sports meeting. It helps to strengthen the ____44____ (tie) between the three regions and promotes cultural exchanges. It was a meaningful experience for everyone present. We believe that the spirit of the National Games will encourage people to work harder for ____45____ better future. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节：（满分 15 分） 46. 假如你是李华，请根据你校英文校刊“Times Change”栏目提供的近五年工作需求图表（The Fastest Growing Jobs）撰写短文投稿。内容包括： 1. 描述现象； 2. 分析原因； 3. 你的职业选择。 注意： 1. 至少包括表格中的两项内容： 2. 80词左右。 The following graph is about the job growth between 2021 and 2025 in the world.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 George, owner of a popular restaurant, was known for his excellent food, which was much loved by his customers. Even though he was talented, successful, and wealthy, his employees feared him for his strictness. Debbie, a new waitress at George’s restaurant, was hardworking, always serving customers with a smile. George was satisfied with her work. After about two months, George asked the night manager about Debbie, and the man had only good things to say about her. “She’s smart, quick, and efficient, and she deals with customers better than anyone! We are searching for an assistant manager, and she seems like a good candidate. She’s got great potential!” However, one night, George caught Debbie in the act of stealing. Walking into the kitchen, he saw her putting a box carefully into her bag. “Debbie!” he called out. “Come to my office now!” He was seated behind his desk with a serious look as she entered. “Open your bag,” George ordered. Debbie’s face tuned red, and she opened her bag to take out two plastic boxes, shaking as she placed them on the desk. George opened them to find some leftover food and a piece of cake. “You’re fired,” he screamed out in anger. “Right now!” “Please,” Debbie begged. “Please don’t! The food was just going to be thrown away…” “It’s against the rules here,” George replied firmly. “Please,” Debbie continued. “There’s something you don’t know…” She said softly, “My son has leukemia (白血病) , and the treatments are more than I can afford. I’ve been taking the leftover food home to save money for his care.” “Your son has leukemia…” George repeated. “Is this true?” Debbie showed him a photo of a young boy in a hospital bed, smiling bravely. George took a deep breath and looked at Debbie, and said more kindly, “The rules say you should be fired. I’ll talk it over with the night manager. Let’s discuss this tomorrow.” 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答 Debbie was very worried, but she had no choice. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ George said he made a decision after careful consideration. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $