专题02 语法填空 （期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期北师大版

该高中英语语法填空专题复习讲义通过思维导图与表格系统构建知识体系，模块一以“无提示词类（冠词、介词等）”和“有提示词类（词性转换、时态等）”为框架，用考点细分表格呈现核心规则与期末易错点，清晰梳理语法知识脉络与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层专项练习设计与精准方法指导，基础层设非谓语、时态等单考点集中练，提升层匹配期末真题难度混合考点综合练，拓展层增加长难句占比适配拔高，助力学生分层提升语言能力与学习能力。三步解题法与关键题型突破策略，支持学生自主复习，为教师实施精准教学提供系统资源。

专题02 语法填空 思维导图 模块一 题型核心技巧（精准破题 + 考点锚定） 一、期末高频考点清单（聚焦核心，直击考向） 类别 考点细分 核心规则 期末易错点 无提示词类 冠词 特指用 the；泛指单数用 a（辅音音素开头）/an（元音音素开头）；固定搭配优先 a/an 混淆（如 an useful book 错误）；漏填 the（序数词 / 最高级前） 介词 高频基础介词（in/on/at/with/by/for/of/from/to）；动词 / 名词 / 形容词固定搭配 凭语感填介词（如 devote to doing 误填 for）；混淆同义介词（in/on 表时间） 连词 1. 并列连词：and（顺承）/but（转折）/or（选择）/so（因果）；. 从属连词：从句类型匹配引导词（状语 / 名词性 / 定语从句） 并列连词逻辑错位（如转折关系用 and）；定语从句引导词误填（如 where 代指物） 代词 人称代词（主 / 宾格）、物主代词（形 / 名）、反身代词、不定代词（it/one/ones） 物主代词与人称代词混淆（如 his 误填 he）；不定代词指代不明（如 one 代指复数） 有提示词类 词性转换 1. 名→动 / 动→名 / 形→副 / 形→名 / 动→形；2. 注意单复数、比较级、后缀变化 词形变化不规范（如 happy→happiness 误填 happyly）；漏变单复数（如 many student） 时态与语态 1. 时态：抓时间标志词（every day→一般现在时等）；. 语态：被动结构 “be + 过去分词”，结合时态定 be 动词 现在完成时与一般过去时混淆；被动语态漏填 be 动词（如 was done 误填 done）；时态前后不一致 非谓语动词 1. doing（主动 / 进行 / 伴随）；2. done（被动 / 完成）；3. to do（目的 / 将来 / 固定搭配） doing/done/to do 混淆（如被动关系用 doing）；固定搭配漏记（如 want doing 错误） 情态动词 高频词（can/could/may/might/must/should/need）；匹配语气（能力 / 许可 / 推测等） 推测语气用错（如否定推测用 mustn’t）；need 作情态动词与实义动词混淆 主谓一致 1. 单数主语→单数谓语；复数主语→复数谓语；2. 就近 / 就远原则适配 集合名词主谓一致混乱（如 family 作 “家人” 时用单数谓语）；with 连接主语时主谓不一致 二、标准解题步骤（3 步稳拿分，避免盲目刷题） 1. 通读全文，把握语境（1 分钟） 快速浏览文章，明确文体（记叙文 / 说明文 / 议论文）、核心话题，梳理句子逻辑关系（顺承、转折、因果），标注关键时间词、逻辑词，为后续判断时态、连词奠定基础，避免孤立看单句导致错填。 2. 逐空分析，预判考点（5-6 分钟） 无提示词空：先看句子成分（缺冠词 / 介词 / 连词 / 代词），再结合固定搭配、句子逻辑、指代关系锁定答案，如空后为单数可数名词且表泛指，优先填 a/an；前后句为转折关系，优先填 but。 有提示词空：先判断考点类型（词性转换 / 时态 / 非谓语等），再按对应规则推导： ①提示词为动词，先看是否作谓语（判断时态语态 / 主谓一致），不作谓语则为非谓语（看逻辑关系 / 固定搭配）； ②提示词为名词 / 形容词 / 副词，优先考虑词性转换，结合空后词性确定变化方向（如空后为动词，提示词为形容词，需转副词）。 3. 验证核对，规避失误（1 分钟） 填完所有空后，再次通读全文，检查 3 点： ①语法规则是否正确（时态语态、非谓语形式、主谓一致无错误）； ②语义是否通顺（连词、介词匹配语境，代词指代清晰）； ③词形是否规范（词性转换词形、名词单复数、副词后缀无遗漏），及时修正细节错误（如 a/an 混淆、过去分词拼写错误）。 三、关键题型突破（针对性避坑，聚焦易错点） （一）无提示词类易错题型 定语从句引导词辨析题 解题关键：先判断先行词（人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因），再看引导词在从句中作的成分（主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语）： ①先行词为人，作主语用 who，作宾语用 who/whom/that； ②先行词为物，作主语 / 宾语用 which/that，作定语用 whose； ③先行词为时间，作状语用 when； ④先行词为地点，作状语用 where； ⑤先行词为原因，作状语用 why。 易错点：先行词为物，从句缺宾语时，引导词可省略，避免多余添加 which/that。 介词固定搭配题 解题关键：积累期末高频介词搭配，分类记忆（动词 + 介词、名词 + 介词、形容词 + 介词），如 be proud of、take care of、contribute to、in need of、depend on，避免凭语感随意填介词。 易错点：同一动词搭配不同介词语义不同（如 look for “寻找”、look at “看”、look up “查阅”），需结合语境锁定搭配。 （二）有提示词类易错题型 非谓语动词辨析题 解题关键：分 3 步判断： ①确定提示词为动词，且句子已有谓语动词，判定为非谓语； ②找非谓语动词的逻辑主语（句子主语或空前名词 / 代词）； ③判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系（主动用 doing，被动用 done），结合句子目的（用 to do）。 易错点：过去分词表被动 + 完成，现在分词表主动 + 进行，避免混淆（如 the broken window “破碎的窗户”，window 与 break 为被动，用 broken；the running boy “跑步的男孩”，boy 与 run 为主动，用 running）。 词性转换细节题 解题关键：先看空处所需词性（空前为冠词 / 形容词，需填名词；空后为动词，需填副词；空前为 be 动词 / 系动词，需填形容词），再按词形变化规则变形，注意特殊变化（如 happy→happiness、vary→various→variety、success→successful→successfully）。 易错点：名词需判断单复数（空前为 a/an 用单数，空前为 many/some 用复数），副词需注意不规则变化（如 good→well、fast→fast）。 时态语态综合题 解题关键：①抓时间标志词锁定时态（如 since + 过去时间点→现在完成时、at this time yesterday→过去进行时）；②判断主语与动词的主动 / 被动关系，被动语态需补全 be 动词（结合时态）和过去分词。 易错点：现在完成时与一般过去时混淆（现在完成时表过去动作对现在的影响，一般过去时表过去某一具体时间的动作），被动语态 be 动词形式遗漏（如 was/were/have been + 过去分词）。 模块二：分层专项刷题（由浅到深+逐项突破） 基础层（5 篇）：单考点集中练（如专练非谓语、专练时态），巩固核心规则 基础层练习 1：非谓语动词专项（共 10 空） It was a sunny morning. The students of Class 3 gathered at the school gate, 1_____ (wait) for their field trip to the science museum. Their teacher, Mr. Li, reminded them 2_____ (follow) the rules and not 3_____ (touch) the exhibits. On the way, they saw some workers 4_____ (build) a new park. The children were excited 5_____ (learn) about different scientific inventions. When they arrived, a guide began 6_____ (introduce) the history of space exploration. Many students took notes, 7_____ (hope) to share what they learned with their families. A boy named Tom was so absorbed in 8_____ (watch) a robot show that he almost forgot 9_____ (meet) his classmates. At the end of the day, everyone felt tired but happy, 10_____ (say) it was a meaningful trip. 答案： 1.waiting 2. to follow 3. to touch 4. building 5. to learn 6.to introduce/introducing 7. hoping 8. watching 9. to meet 10. saying 解析： 现在分词作伴随状语，students 与 wait 为主动关系； 固定搭配 remind sb. to do sth.； 感官动词 see sb. doing sth.（看见某人正在做）； 现在分词作伴随状语，students 与 hope 为主动关系； 介词 in 后接 doing 形式。 基础层练习 2：时态专项（共 10 空） Last year, I 1_____ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside. They 2_____ (live) there for more than 30 years. Every morning, my grandpa 3_____ (take) a walk along the river, and my grandma 4_____ (cook) delicious breakfast. One afternoon, we 5_____ (go) fishing. I 6_____ (never catch) a fish before, so I was very nervous. To my surprise, I 7_____ (catch) a big one after 20 minutes. My grandpa 8_____ (praise) me for my patience. Now, I 9_____ (miss) those happy days very much. I 10 _____ (plan) to go back during the winter vacation. 答案： 1.visited 2. have lived 3. took 4. cooked 5. went 6.had never caught 7. caught 8. praised 9. miss 10. am planning 解析： 标志词 last year→一般过去时； 标志词 for more than 30 years→现在完成时； 过去完成时（before + 一般过去时，表过去的过去）； 现在进行时表将来计划。 基础层练习 3：词性转换专项（共 10 空） 1. The _____ (develop) of technology has changed our life greatly. (develop) 2. She is a ____ (care) girl, so she often makes mistakes in her homework. (care) 3. The teacher spoke _____ (slow) to help us understand better. (slow) 4. We should have _____ (confident) in ourselves when facing difficulties. (confident) 5. The _____ (happy) on her face showed that she passed the exam. (happy) 6. This is a _____ (danger) road; please drive carefully. (danger) 7. He is one of the most _____ (success) writers in our country. (success) 8. The _____ (friend) between us will last forever. (friend) 9. It’s _____ (use) to argue with him; he never listens. (use) 10. She sings very _____ (beautiful); many people like her songs. (beautiful) 答案： 1.development 2. careless 3. slowly 4. confidence 5. happiness 6.dangerous 7. successful 8. friendship 9. useless 10. beautifully 解析： 冠词 the 后接名词； 形容词作定语，结合语境 “常犯错”→careless（粗心的）； 副词修饰动词 spoke； 形容词最高级修饰名词 writers，success→successful。 基础层练习 4：冠词 / 介词专项（共 10 空） I have 1_____ friend who likes playing 2_____ piano. We usually go to school 3_____ foot, but sometimes 4_____ bike. 5_____ sun rises in 6_____ east and sets in 7_____ west. She is interested 8_____ English and spends much time 9_____ it every day. He was born 10_____ a cold morning in December. 答案： 1.a 2. the 3. on 4. by 5. The 6. the 7. the 8. in 9. on 10. on 解析： 泛指 “一个朋友” 用 a； 乐器前加定冠词 the； 固定搭配 on foot； 固定搭配 be interested in； 具体某天的早晨用介词 on。 基础层练习 5：连词 / 代词专项（共 10 空） I wanted to buy a book, 1_____ I didn’t have enough money. 2_____ you study hard, you will pass the exam easily. This is the pen 3_____ my father gave me on my birthday. —Who is 4_____ speaking? —5_____ is Tom. She has two brothers; 6_____ is a doctor, and 7_____ is a teacher. I don’t know 8_____ he will come or not. My mother prepared dinner 9_____ I was doing my homework. 10_____ is important to learn English well in modern society. 答案： 1.but 2. If 3. that/which 4. that 5. It 6. one 7. the other 8. whether 9. while 10. It 解析： 转折关系用 but； 定语从句，先行词 pen 为物，作宾语用 that/which； 6-7. 两者中的 “一个... 另一个...” 用 one...the other； 形式主语 it，真正主语为 to learn English well。 提升层（8 篇）：混合考点综合练，匹配期末真题难度 Passage 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history 1 (date) back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. The dance relates to sacrifices to the farmland god when people prayed for a good harvest. As time passed, the 2 (origin) dance developed, taking in various artistic forms and skills, including opera, acrobatics and martial arts, and eventually turned into the type of Yangko 3 is seen today. 4 (preserve) this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的)items of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It is 5 (common) performed in northern China during festivals, especially for Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival. Performances or competitions 6 (organize) in towns and villages to express people’s joy and their hope for a better life. Yangko employs drumming, Suona, dancing and singing. Content is based 7 folk stories and legends. Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling 8 (character) to be easily identified. During a performance, the actors will dance and sing, following lively rhythms. Highly skilled and interesting acts such as stilt(高跷)walking 9 carrying a wedding sedan chair(花轿)are also included. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Yangko 10 (concentrate) the group consciousness of the Chinese people, and has outstanding historical and cultural value. 【答案】 1．dating 2．original 3．that/which 4．To preserve 5．commonly 6．are organized 7．on/upon 8．characters 9．and 10．concentrates 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种乡村民间舞蹈——秧歌。 1．考查现在分词。句意：秧歌是一种乡村民间舞蹈，有数千年的历史，起源于古代农耕文明时期。句中已有谓语动词originates ，此处为非谓语的形式，history与date之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语，故填dating。 2．考查形容词。句意：随着时间的推移，原始舞蹈不断演变，呈现出各种艺术形式和技巧。形容词作定语，修饰名词。故填original。 3．考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，原始舞蹈不断演变，融入各种艺术形式和技巧，最终发展成今天所见的类型的秧歌。指代先行词Yangko且在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 4．考查非谓语。句意：为保护这一民间文化，秧歌于2006年被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填To preserve。 5．考查副词。句意：人们经常在节日期间表演这种舞蹈，尤其是在春节和农历正月的元宵节。副词作状语修饰动词。故填commonly。 6．考查动词时态语态。句意：在城镇和乡村组织表演或比赛，以表达人们的喜悦和对美好生活的希望。Performances or competitions与organize之间为被动关系，且为客观陈述，应用一般现在时被动语态。故填are organized。 7．考查介词。句意：内容以民间故事和传说为基础。be based on/upon以……为基础。故填on/upon。 8．考查名词复数。句意：服装色彩丰富，富有歌剧风格，使人物易于辨认。此处character指人物角色，根据句意可知，为复数意义。故填characters。 9．考查连词。句意：高跷、抬花轿等高技能、有趣的表演也包括在内。根据动词are included可知，句子主语是stilt walking和carrying a wedding sedan chair。为并列关系，连词为and。故填and。 10．考查动词时态。句意：作为中国传统文化的一部分，秧歌集中了中国人的群体意识。根据上下文可知，此处用一般现在时，主语是 Yangko，故填concentrates。 Passage 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiangsu, known for its unique blend of innovation and preservation, is a true treasure. I was ___11___ (incredible) fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly 12 (long) to explore further. My first stop was Suzhou. 13 (engage) myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I specially chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, 14 the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a 15 (scene) lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape. As I adventured into the heart of the city, the Old Town’s ancient waterways led me on an 16 (explore) of history, and the classical gardens offered a glimpse into a storied past. However, what truly amazed me was the “energy of Suzhou” represented by its people who have enormous respect for their city’s time-honored history as well as 17 innovative eye on the future. Actually, the mindset of modernization with deep respect for the past isn’t only unique to Suzhou 18 an indicative factor of Nanjing. High-rises decorate the city’s skyline, creating a distinct contrast 19 the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings that 20 (occupy) previously by people. 【答案】 11．incredibly 12．longing 13．To engage 14．where 15．scenic 16．exploration 17．an 18．but 19．to/with 20．were occupied 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者在江苏省苏州和南京这两座城市的旅行体验，展示了这两座城市如何在创新与保护传统之间找到独特的平衡。 11．考查副词。句意：我非常幸运地穿越了苏州和南京，这两个城市都让我着迷于它们真正令人印象深刻的地方，并渴望进一步探索。修饰形容词fortunate应用副词。故填incredibly。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：我非常幸运地穿越了苏州和南京，这两个城市都让我着迷于它们真正令人印象深刻的地方，并渴望进一步探索。动词left后接复合宾语，动词long和宾语me之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填longing。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了融入当地的工业氛围，我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店，在这里，先进的制造业与自然美景的共存最为明显，因为它坐落在风景秀丽的湖边，周围环绕着充满活力的景观。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。句首字母大写，故填To engage。 14．考查定语从句。句意：为了融入当地的工业氛围，我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店，在这里，先进的制造业与自然美景的共存最为明显，因为它坐落在风景秀丽的湖边，周围环绕着充满活力的景观。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the“industrial park”，根据句意，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。 15．考查形容词。句意：为了融入当地的工业氛围，我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店，在这里，先进的制造业与自然美景的共存最为明显，因为它坐落在风景秀丽的湖边，周围环绕着充满活力的景观。根据空后的名词“lake”可知，此处要用形容词作定语，故用scene的形容词scenic，风景优美的。故填scenic。 16．考查名词。句意：当我大胆探索进入城市中心时，老城区古老的水道带领我探索历史，古典花园让我得以一瞥历史悠久的过去。根据前文on an可知，此处应用其名词单数作介词宾语。故填exploration。 17．考查冠词。句意：然而，真正让我惊讶的是苏州人所代表的“苏州活力”，他们对这座城市悠久的历史有着极大的尊重，对未来有着创新的眼光。后文名词eye为单数可数名词，泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。所连接单词innovative发音以元音开头，故填an。 18．考查连词。句意：事实上，这种对过去的深深尊重的现代化思维不仅是苏州独有的，也是南京的一个指示性因素。not…but“不仅……还”是固定搭配。故填but。 19．考查介词。句意：高层建筑装饰着城市的天际线，与以前被人类占据的古老社区、寺庙和建筑形成鲜明的对比。contrast to/with“与……形成鲜明对比”是固定搭配，故填to/with。 20．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：高层建筑装饰着城市的天际线，与以前被人类占据的古老社区、寺庙和建筑形成鲜明的对比。动词occupy和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。定语从句中主语that指代先行词the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings，是复数，主谓一致，故填were occupied。 Passage 3 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A unique food trend has recently gained 21 (popular) among young people in China. Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and affordable way 22 (enjoy) delicious food while also reducing food waste. So far this concept 23 (attract) the attention of many curious young individuals. The concept of “leftover food blind boxes” 24 (originate) abroad, specifically from an app called Too Good To Go that started in Denmark in 2015. Its goal is to fight against food waste by offering surplus (剩余的) unsold food from nearby stores and restaurants 25 a reduced price. Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad 26 shared their experiences, Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, 27 (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. The operational methods of the “leftover food blind box” model can vary between stores. Some boxes contain pre-packed meals 28 (base) on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow 29 (customer) to choose from what still remains in the store around closing time. However, the latter option is less common. The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding 30 element of surprise to the dining experience. 【答案】 21．popularity 22．to enjoy 23．has attracted 24．originated 25．at 26．who/that 27．leading 28．based 29．customers 30．an 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于中国年轻人中流行的“剩菜盲盒”这一独特食品的趋势。这种创新的餐饮选择既方便又实惠，同时还有助于减少食物浪费。 21．考查名词。句意：最近，一种独特的饮食潮流在中国年轻人中流行起来。此处作gained的宾语，应用名词，popular的名词形式为popularity，表“流行”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填popularity。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些创新的餐食选择被称为“剩食盲盒”，提供了一种方便又实惠的方式来享用美味食物，同时也减少了食物浪费。这里考查a way to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方式”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to enjoy。 23．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，这个概念已经引起了许多好奇的年轻人的注意。此空考查谓语动词，主语this concept与attract为主动关系，再根据So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语this concept是单数。故填has attracted。 24．考查时态。句意：“剩食盲盒”的概念起源于国外，具体来说是源于2015年在丹麦推出的一款名为Too Good To Go的应用程序。这里考查谓语动词，主语The concept与originate为主动关系，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，originate的过去式为originated。故填originated。 25．考查介词。句意：其目标是通过以优惠价格提供附近商店和餐馆的剩余未售出食物来对抗食物浪费。这里考查at a...price，为固定搭配，意为“以……的价格”。故填at。 26．考查定语从句。句意：受到国外中国创作者发布的分享其经历的视频的启发，中国消费者和企业迅速接受了这一理念，这使得北京、上海和成都等中国主要城市也出现了类似的业务。此空考查定语从句，先行词为Chinese creators为人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。故填who或that。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到国外中国创作者发布的分享其经历的视频的启发，中国消费者和企业迅速接受了这一理念，这使得北京、上海和成都等中国主要城市也出现了类似的业务。此空考查非谓语，句子Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea与lead之间为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leading。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些盲盒里装的是基于商店晚间前销售情况预先包装好的餐食，而另一些则允许顾客在关店前后从商店剩余的食物中选择。这里考查非谓语，meals与base之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。 29．考查名词复数。句意：有些盲盒里装的是基于商店晚间前销售情况预先包装好的餐食，而另一些则允许顾客在关店前后从商店剩余的食物中选择。customer为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式customers。故填customers。 30．考查冠词。句意：盲盒里的内容通常只有在打开时才会揭晓，这为用餐体验增添了一份惊喜。element为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且element以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 Passage 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 South Koreans reacted with joy and 31 (astonish) on Thursday after learning that homegrown writer Han Kang won the Nobel Prize in literature, 32 unexpected moment that promoted national pride about the country’s growing cultural influence. Han, known for her experimental and often 33 (disturb) stories that explore human pains and violence and incorporate the cruel moments of South Korea’s modern history, is the country’s first writer to win the award in world literature. As the news spread in South Korea, some online bookstores 34 (temporary) froze following a sudden jump in traffic. South Korean social media platforms 35 (flood) with messages expressing admiration and pride. Some Internet users found it significant that Han became the first Asian woman 36 (obtain) the award. In South Korea’s parliament (国会), multiple government hearings were paused as lawmakers applauded 37 cheered for Han’s award. While visiting Laos for a meeting of Asian leaders, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol issued a statement congratulating Han on her award, 38 (call) it a “great achievement in the history of Korean literature” and a “special moment for the nation.” “You turned the painful wounds of 39 (we) modern history into great literature,” Yoon wrote. “send my respects 40 you for promoting the value of Korean literature”. 【答案】 31．astonishment 32．an 33．disturbing 34．temporarily 35．were flooded 36．to obtain 37．and 38．calling 39．our 40．to 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了韩国作家韩江获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息，并描述了韩国民众、政界人士以及社交媒体对该事件的反应。 31．考查名词。句意：周四，在得知本土作家韩江获得诺贝尔文学奖后，韩国人的反应既喜悦又惊讶，这一意外时刻提升了韩国对日益增长的文化影响力的民族自豪感。空处为名词形式astonishment，与joy并列担当宾语，意为“惊讶，惊愕”意。故填astonishment。 32．考查冠词。句意：周四，得知本土作家韩江荣获诺贝尔文学奖后，韩国民众反应热烈，惊叹不已。这一意外时刻让韩国民众对国家日益增长的文化影响力倍感自豪。修饰可数名词moment单数形式，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词unexpected为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。 33．考查形容词。句意：韩江是该国第一位获得世界文学奖的作家，她以其实验性且常令人不安的故事而闻名，这些故事探索了人类的痛苦与暴力，并融入了韩国现代史上的残酷时刻。空处为形容词担当定语，修饰空后的名词“stories”，用形容词disturbing意为“令人不安的”作定语。故填disturbing。 34．考查副词。句意：随着这一消息在韩国的传播，一些网上书店因流量激增而一度瘫痪。修饰动词“froze”用副词形式temporarily。故填temporarily。 35．考查谓语动词。句意：韩国社交媒体平台上充斥着表达钦佩与自豪的信息。空处为本句谓语动词；根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“South Korean social media platforms”，复数，和动词“flood”之间为被动关系。故填were flooded。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些网民认为，韩江成为首位获得该奖项的亚洲女性意义重大。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“Asian woman”前有序数词修饰，用动词不定式形式修饰。故填to obtain。 37．考查连词。句意：在韩国国会，多位议员为韩江获奖鼓掌欢呼，导致多场政府听证会暂时中断。“applauded”和“cheered”并列，在从句中作谓语，用连词and连接。故填and。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：韩国总统尹锡悦在访问老挝出席亚洲领导人会议期间发表声明，祝贺韩江获奖，称其为“韩国文学史上的伟大成就”和“国家的特殊时刻”。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol”和动词“call”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填calling。 39．考查代词。句意：“你将我们现代史上的痛苦伤痕转化为了伟大的文学作品，”尹锡悦写道，“我向你致敬，感谢你提升了韩国文学的价值”。修饰名词modern history用形容词性物主代词our。故填our。 40．考查介词。句意：“你将我们现代史上的痛苦伤痕转化为了伟大的文学作品，”尹锡悦写道，“我向你致敬，感谢你提升了韩国文学的价值”。空处为介词，构成短语：send…to…，意为“将……送给……”，send my respects to sb意为“向某人致敬”。故填to。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mianwo, which means fried rice buns, a local snack in Wuhan, is a yellow-colored, fried rice doughnut. Seen from above, it looks like a ring; it has thick edges and 41 hole in the center. 42 (typical), people prefer to snack on mianwo while 43 (enjoy) hot-and-dry noodles, rice noodles, sweet soybean milk, bean curd jelly, or rice-wine egg soup. 44 mianwo does not contain any flour as such, it is technically inappropriate 45 (use) the character “mian”, but it is used anyway. Mianwo is said to have first been made by a seller named Chang Zhiren, who 46 (sell) shaobing near Jijiazui on Hanzheng Street, Hankou, during the control of the Guangxu Emperor. It is said that he asked a blacksmith to make an iron concave (凹形) spoon with a central bulge (隆起). The rice paste 47 (make) from rice and soybeans was put into a frying-pan. Soon, a round rice cake with thick edges, yellow color, and crispy(脆的) taste was made. People found it quite unique because the thicker part was soft but the 48 (thin) part was crispy. Chang Zhiren called it mianwo. Talented chefs can make mianwo without the crispy part 49 the center; this is preferred by elderly 50 (consumer). 【答案】 41．a 42．Typically 43．enjoying 44．Because/Since/As 45．to use 46．sold 47．made 48．thinner 49．in 50．consumers 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了武汉特色小吃——面窝的来历及其独特风味。强调了面窝作为武汉地方小吃的文化价值和历史传承。 41．考查冠词。句意：从上面看，它看起来像一个戒指；它的边缘很厚，中间有一个洞。由于 hole是可数名词的单数形式，且hole的首个音素是辅音音素，因此使用不定冠词a来修饰，表示“在中间有一个洞”。故填a。 42．考查副词。句意：一般来说，人们喜欢边吃面窝边享用干热面、米粉、甜豆浆、豆腐冻或米酒蛋汤。分析句子可知，此处为单个副词位于句首作状语，修饰后面整个句子。首字母大写。故填Typically。 43．考查状语从句的省略用法。句意： 一般来说，人们喜欢边吃面窝边享用干热面、米粉、甜豆浆、豆腐冻或米酒蛋汤。分析句子可知，此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略用法，当主从句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处为省略主语people和be动词are，people和enjoy为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填enjoying。 44．考查连词。句意：因为面窝本身不含任何面粉，所以用“面”这个字在技术上是不合适的，但还是用了。根据上下句句意可知，此处为连词Because/ Since/ As表示“因为”引导原因状语从句，首字母大写。故填Because/ Since/ As。 45．考查动词不定式。句意：因为面窝本身不含任何面粉，所以用“面”这个字在技术上是不合适的，但还是用了。分析句子可知，此处是 it is + adj. +不定式to do的固定句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式to do作真正主语的结构。故填to use。 46．考查动词时态。句意：据说，光绪年间，一个叫昌智仁的小贩在汉口汉正街的集稼咀附近卖烧饼。根据该句“during the control of the Guangxu Emperor”，可以推断出主句描述的是过去发生的事情，为一般过去时，所以使用sell的过去式sold。故填sold。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意：把大米和大豆做成的米糊放进煎锅里。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰The rice paste，The rice paste和make为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填made。 48．考查形容词比较级。句意：人们发现它很独特，因为厚的部分很软，而薄的部分很脆。根据句意可知，与前面的thicker对比，这里使用thinner来描述相对比较薄的部分。故填thinner。 49．考查介词。句意：有才华的厨师可以做面窝，中间没有酥脆的部分；这是老年消费者的首选。此处in the center“在……中心”，为固定结构。故填in。 50．考查名词。句意：有才华的厨师可以做面窝，中间没有酥脆的部分；这是老年消费者的首选。名词作宾语，泛指多个老年消费者，用复数形式作宾语。故填consumers。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cheng Yongmao was born in a village in Huairou, Beijing and began to learn the skill of building under the 51 (guide) of his uncle in 1972. Although he didn’t receive a 52 ( high) education, his practical experience enabled him to readily take in the theories, which in turn 53 (improve) his skills significantly. Cheng received his first Great Wall assignment in 2004. He led a construction team of dozens of members, most of 54 came from mountainous areas in neighboring Hebei province and were 55 (consequent) good at hiking up and down the peaks. In 2016, he started to work on the Jiankou section, which 56 (consider) one of the most dangerous parts of the Great Wall in Beijing and is known by hikers as the “Wild Wall”. The toughest place is called Yingfei Daoyang (Eagle Flies Upside Down), 57 (suggest) that even an eagle would have to fly straight up, 58 its beak pointing up directly toward the sky to fly over this spot. Working there is dangerous, but under Cheng’s leadership, the workers adapted to the 59 (challenge) environment and built up their strength. After years of efforts, the section has regained its historical appearance. “Protecting the Great Wall is my responsibility,” he said, “As long as I can climb up the mountain, I’ll do my best to lead my team, especially to assist them in gaining experience 60 making their due contributions.” 【答案】 51．guidance 52．higher 53．improved 54．whom 55．consequently 56．is considered 57．suggesting 58．with 59．challenging 60．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了程永茂修缮长城的故事。 51．考查名词。句意：程永茂出生于北京怀柔的一个村庄，1972年在叔叔的指导下开始学习建筑技术。under the guidance of为固定搭配，意为“在……的指导下”，空处需填名词guidance。故填guidance。 52．考查比较级。句意：虽然他没有受过高等教育，但他的实践经验使他很容易接受理论，这反过来又大大提高了他的技能。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词education，higher education为固定搭配，意为“高等教育”。 53．考查动词时态。句意同上。根据“enabled”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填improved。 54．考查定语从句。句意：他带领着一支由几十人组成的施工队，其中大多数人来自邻近的河北省的山区，因此擅长攀登和下山。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a construction team of dozens of members，指人，在定语从句中作of的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 55．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词短语were good at，需用副词consequently，作状语。故填consequently。 56．考查动词时态语态。句意：2016年，他开始在箭扣段工作，这段长城被认为是北京长城最危险的一段，被徒步旅行者称为“野长城”。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语which，指代“the Jiankou section”，和consider为被动关系，主语为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is considered。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：最艰难的地方被称为鹰飞倒仰，这表明即使是一只鹰也必须笔直向上飞行，它的喙直接指向天空飞过这个地方。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，suggest和前面的句子为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填suggesting。 58．考查介词。句意同上。此处with的复合结构，作状语，“with+名词+现在分词”为固定结构。故填with。 59．考查形容词。句意：在那里工作很危险，但在程的领导下，工人们适应了充满挑战的环境，并积累了自己的力量。修饰指物的名词environment，需用-ing结尾的形容词challenging。故填challenging。 60．考查连词。句意：“保护长城是我的责任，”他说，“只要我还能爬上这座山，我就会尽我所能领导我的团队，特别是帮助他们积累经验，做出应有的贡献。”gaining experience和making their due contributions为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Growing up in Ghana, I was exposed to some appealing Chinese films. Some of them set off my 61 (curious) about the Chinese language and culture, in spite of 62 language barrier. My journey to the East began in 2017 almost 63 (accidental), when I decided to study Chinese language and culture at university. You can’t imagine my excitement when I received my admission notice from my 64 (choose) university. Countless challenges 65 (accompany) my journey in learning Chinese. However, as the class monitor, I had the opportunity to grow 66 (close) to my Chinese teacher than other students. He provided me with encouragement and support, 67 helped me abandon the idea of giving up. I practiced writing Chinese characters, reciting poems and singing songs. The sense of safety and security in China is 68 (fantasy). On one occasion, I forgot my diary on the subway and only realized it when I got home. A Chinese friend advised me to call a certain number, and within minutes, I 69 (tell) that someone found my diary and kept it safely. I was able to claim it the following day. My encounter with China and Chinese has impacted my personal and professional growth. 70 conclusion, my life has become beautiful because of the Chinese language. 【答案】 61．curiosity 62．the 63．accidentally 64．chosen 65．accompanied 66．closer 67．which 68．fantastic 69．was told 70．In 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己在中国留学的故事和对中国文化的热爱。 61．考查名词。句意：尽管存在语言障碍，但其中一些还是激发了我对中国语言和文化的好奇心。形容词性物主代词my后面应填名词，curiosity，表“好奇”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填curiosity。 62．考查冠词。句意：尽管存在语言障碍，但其中一些还是激发了我对中国语言和文化的好奇心。这里特指学中文所遇到的语言障碍，所以应用the表特指。故填the。 63．考查副词。句意：几乎意外地，我的东方之旅始于2017年，当时我决定在大学学习中国语言和文化。此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面动词。故填accidentally。 64．考查非谓语。句意：你无法想象当我收到所选大学的录取通知书时我的兴奋。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，且university与choose为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语，修饰后面名词。故填chosen。 65．考查时态。句意：无数的挑战伴随着我学习中文的旅程。这里考查谓语动词，主语Countless challenges与accompany为主动关系，且这里时态应用一般过去时描述过去情况。故填accompanied。 66．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，作为班长，我有机会比其他学生更接近我的语文老师。由than other students可知，此空应用形容词比较级。故填closer。 67．考查定语从句。句意：他给了我鼓励和支持，这帮助我放弃了想放弃的想法。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 68．考查形容词。句意：中国的安全感非常好。此空应填形容词作表语，fantastic，表“极好的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填fantastic。 69．考查时态语态。句意：一位中国朋友建议我拨打某个号码，几分钟后，我被告知有人找到了我的日记并安全地保存了下来。这里考查谓语动词，主语I 与tell为被动关系，且这里时态应用一般过去时描述过去情况。故填was told。 70．考查介词。句意：总之，我的生活因为汉语而变得美丽。这里考查in conclusion，表“总而言之”，为固定搭配，且句首时首字母应大写。故填In。 Passage 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Wukong! My bro!” shouted Kalex Willzy when he saw Sun Wukong hiding his golden staff in his ear in an electronic game, 71 instantly reminded him of the scene from the Chinese novel Journey to the West. Willzy, a radio host in the UK, began exploring the novel last year 72 the1986 Chinese TV series. His interest in Chinese tales was inspired after seeing a preview of Black Myth: Wukong, a video game 73 (base) on the novel. For Willzy, it’s about both learning and playing. “By playing as Wukong, we learn much about him and Chinese culture because we have to 74 we want to win the game. We spend days, weeks and even months playing, so 75 (natural) we often learn a lot from them.” Black Myth: Wukong has become a top seller on Steam, a global digital 76 (distribute) platform for games, reflecting China’s 77 (expand) cultural presence beyond traditional boundaries, with video games becoming the new ambassadors (大使) of its culture. Sun Wukong stands out due to the rich mix of 1,000 years of Chinese culture shaping him. Journey to the West offers a wide-ranging narrative (叙事) that covers numerous 78 (encounter) and exploration of various cultures. The tale 79 (translate) into more than a dozen languages by now, with more than 60 versions available worldwide. Digital media has 80 (far) driven international adaptations of the story. 【答案】 71．which 72．through 73．based 74．if 75．naturally 76．distribution 77．expanding 78．encounters 79．has been translated 80．further 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文报道了英国广播主持人Kalex Willzy如何通过视频游戏《黑神话：悟空》重新解读《西游记》，以及视频游戏作为中国文化新传播方式如何向全球展示其影响力。 71．考查定语从句。句意：“悟空！我的兄弟！”当在电子游戏里看到孙悟空把金箍棒藏在耳朵里时，Kalex Willzy喊道，这让他立刻想起了中国小说《西游记》中的场景。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句提到的游戏场景，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 72．考查介词。句意：去年，英国电台主持人威尔兹开始通过1986年的中国电视剧探索这部小说。此处指Willzy通过1986年的中国电视剧《西游记》探索该部小说，空处表示“通过”，故填through。 73．考查非谓语动词。句意：他对中国故事的兴趣是在看了《黑色神话：悟空》的预告片后产生的，这是一款基于该小说的视频游戏。此处game和base存在动宾关系，用过去分词表示被动，作定语。故填based。 74．考查状语从句。句意：通过扮演悟空，我们学到了很多关于他和中国文化的知识，因为如果我们想赢得比赛，我们必须这样做。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”用if。故填if。 75．考查副词。句意：我们花几天、几周甚至几个月的时间玩游戏，所以我们自然会从中学到很多东西。修饰句子应用副词naturally。故填naturally。 76．考查名词。句意：《黑色神话：悟空》已成为全球游戏数字发行平台Steam上的畅销品，反映出中国文化在传统边界之外的扩张，电子游戏成为中国文化的新大使。作定语修饰platform，表功能，应用名词distribution。故填 distribution。 77．考查形容词。句意：《黑色神话：悟空》已成为全球游戏数字发行平台Steam上的畅销品，反映出中国文化在传统边界之外的扩张，电子游戏成为中国文化的新大使。此处修饰名词presence应用形容词expanding，故填expanding。 78．考查名词的数。句意：《西游记》提供了一个广泛的叙事，涵盖了许多不同文化的遭遇和探索。根据上文numerous可知名词encounter“遭遇”应用复数形式。故填encounters。 79．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这个故事已经被翻译成十几种语言，全球有60多个版本。主语tale与谓语translate构成被动关系，根据时间状语by now可知空处应使用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been translated。 80．考查副词。句意：数字媒体进一步推动了这个故事的国际改编。结合常识可知，数字媒体进一步推动了该故事在国际上被改编，副词further “进一步地”符合句意。故填further。 拓展层（3 篇）：稍难文本（长难句占比提升），适配优等生拔高 Passage 1 Can merely making a pledge (誓言) to be honest without any punishment involved lead people to behave more honestly, even when there’s reason to lie? A recent study published in Nature Human Behavior reveals that honesty pledges can effectively reduce dishonest behavior — but only when carefully 1 (word). Psychologist Janis Zickfeld and his team conducted experiments with over 21,000 participants from the U.S. and the U.K., 2 (simulate)a tax-reporting scenario where subjects could lie about their earnings without penalty. Participants performed a sorting task 3 they earned money based on how quickly they finished. They then reported how much they had made, which 4 (tax) at 35 percent. Participants could lie without consequence but were also told the collected tax would go to the Red Cross. The researchers generated 21 types of honesty pledges. The tax compliance figure averaged 82.3 percent for participants in the control group who declared their income without taking pledges, compared with 86.2 percent averaged across all the groups that made pledges. The research found that the pledges were far from equal in preserving honest behavior. Specific pledges like “Misreporting is forbidden” reduced cheating 5 nearly 50% compared to vague statements such as “I am an honest person.” The next most effective spelled out the meaning of dishonesty or the rules 6 (follow) (“I understand that misreporting is forbidden in this study”). Casting honesty as all-or-nothing (“either the reporting is honest or it is not”) and appealing to social norms were also both modestly effective. Pledges highlighting social bonds or self-image did not have a significant effect. Timing also mattered: pledges presented after completing a task but before reporting results were more effective than those shown earlier. Additionally, participants who typed their pledges rather than just checking a box showed higher compliance rates, suggesting active engagement strengthens 7 (commit). Interestingly, the study uncovered demographic (人口统计的) differences. Younger males with low scores in “honesty-humility” personality traits were most likely to cheat, 8 cultural factors also played a role — Americans lied more frequently than British participants in the pound-denominated experiment, 9 the British pound is used, so foreign currencies perhaps seemed more abstract to the American participants. These findings have practical implications. As researcher Shaul Shalvi notes, “Precision in wording isn’t just about grammar; it’s 10 separates symbolic gestures from real behavioral change.” The team is now applying these insights in real-world settings, including hospitals tracking medical equipment returns. “The beauty of these interventions is: they’re very cheap,” Shalvi says. But this study is only a first step. “Once we know what effects are vigorous and steady, we can go to policymakers and suggest randomized controlled trials in target populations. Then, if that works, we can look at changing tax forms or whatever.” 【答案】 1．worded 2．simulating 3．where/in which 4．was taxed 5．by 6．to be followed 7．commitment 8．while 9．where 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诚信誓言减少不诚实行为的研究发现。 1．考查状语从句的省略。句意：最近发表在《自然・人类行为》上的一项研究表明，诚信誓言可以有效地减少不诚实行为——但前提是措辞要谨慎。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。该句中，when引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语和be动词，完整形式为“but only when (the honesty pledges are) carefully worded”，word在这里意为“措辞”，与主语the honesty pledges之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词worded。故填worded。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家贾尼斯・齐克菲尔德和他的团队对来自美国和英国的21000多名参与者进行了实验，模拟了一个报税场景，在这个场景中，受试者可以谎报收入而不受惩罚。句中已有谓语动词conducted，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Psychologist Janis Zickfeld and his team和simulate为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语。故填simulating。 3．考查定语从句。句意：参与者完成了一项分类任务，他们根据完成速度赚钱。空处引导定语从句，先行词a sorting task，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导该从句，也可以用in which来替代where。故填where/in which。 4．考查时态和语态。 句意：然后他们报告了自己挣了多少钱，这些收入按35%的税率征税。空处为定语从句的谓语动词。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“how much they had made”。which在从句中作主语，句子描述的是过去的实验情况，应用一般过去时，且与tax之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态。 故填was taxed。 5．考查介词。 句意：研究发现，与“我是一个诚实的人” 这样模糊的表述相比，像 “误报是被禁止的”这样具体的誓言将作弊行为减少了近50%。reduce by为固定短语，意为“减少了……”。故填by。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：下一个最有效的方法是明确不诚实的含义或要遵循的规则（“我知道在这项研究中谎报是被禁止的”）。此处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词rules，此处表示将来的动作，且follow和rules为逻辑动宾关系，需用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be followed。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，那些输入誓言而不是仅仅勾选一个方框的参与者表现出更高的遵守率，这表明积极参与能增强承诺感。strengthen是及物动词，后接名词作宾语，commit的名词形式是commitment，表示 “承诺，保证”。故填 commitment。 8．考查连词。句意：在“诚实—谦逊”人格特质方面得分较低的年轻男性最有可能作弊，而文化因素也起到了一定作用 —— 在以英镑计价的实验（即使用英镑的实验）中，美国人比英国参与者更频繁地说谎，所以外币对美国参与者来说可能显得更加抽象。“Younger males with low scores in ‘honesty - humility’ personality traits were most likely to cheat(在“诚实—谦逊”人格特质方面得分较低的年轻男性最有可能作弊)”和 “cultural factors also played a role(文化因素也起了作用)”之间是一种对比关系，while有“然而”的意思，可用于连接两个表示对比的句子。故填while。 9．考查定语从句。句意：在“诚实—谦逊”人格特质方面得分较低的年轻男性最有可能作弊，而文化因素也起到了一定作用 —— 在以英镑计价的实验（即使用英镑的实验）中，美国人比英国参与者更频繁地说谎，所以外币对美国参与者来说可能显得更加抽象。空处引导非限定性定语从句。先行词是 the pound-denominated experiment，表示抽象的地点，在从句“the British pound is used”中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 10．考查表语从句。 句意：正如研究人员绍尔・沙尔维所指出的，“措辞的精确性不仅仅关乎语法；它是区分象征性姿态和真正行为改变的关键所在。”空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代事物，所以用连接代词what引导表语从句。故填what。 Passage 2 De Laurentis published a monograph in 2021, which 11 (scrutinize) the monument’s historical context, significance and artistic value. “Calligraphy is a crucial part of China’s civilizational history and a highlight of Chinese culture,” he says. When collating the characters for the monument, Huairen tried to restore Wang’s natural writing state. Although the characters 12 (select) from different scrolls of Wang’s at various stages of his life, Huairen made efforts to present a unified style while keeping variations. He also included some roughly written characters to show Wang’s casual writing manner. De Laurentis uses the musical expression sprezzatura to emphasize 13 fundamental pursuit in calligraphy: even if a piece shows strong strokes, the writing process should seem effortless. Like music, calligraphy is an art of time and space. For Chinese characters, the stroke order is much 14 (complicated) than that of phonetic writing systems. “The relationship between different components is like the flow of a melody,” De Laurentis says. Learning calligraphy is like a pianist’s process of playing music. First, one tries to reproduce exactly 15 is on the score, and then, with more familiarity, one can interpret it with one’s own ingenuity. Interpretations and imitations of great calligraphers’ works are important in calligraphy, not only for 16 (perfect) techniques but also for experiencing emotions and wisdom. Moreover, calligraphy mirrors the mind. De Laurentis admires Master Hongyi, 17 name was Li Shutong before becoming a Buddhist monk. When copying other calligraphers’ works, Master Hongyi withdrew himself and wholeheartedly conformed to strokes and the temperament of others. He demonstrated compassion and universal love in his facsimiles. It is believed that calligraphy can help people cultivate aesthetics and accumulate wisdom in dealing with character structures. And it is hoped that more people, 18 foreigners or Chinese, can appreciate the beauty of Chinese calligraphy. In the future, with more cultural exchanges, Chinese calligraphy will surely play 19 more important role in the world, and its charm will be 20 (far) spread. 【答案】 11．scrutinizes 12．were selected 13．a 14．more complicated 15．what 16．perfecting 17．whose 18．whether 19．a 20．further 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国书法的历史背景、艺术价值以及学习书法的重要性。 11．考查动词时态。句意：De Laurentis在2021年发表了一篇专著，该专著仔细研究了这座纪念碑的历史背景、意义和艺术价值。分析句子结构，主语是“which”，指代“monograph”，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式，描述一般事实，时态为一般现在时。故填scrutinizes。 12．考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管这些字符是从王羲之不同阶段的作品中挑选出来的，但怀仁努力在保持变化的同时呈现出统一的风格。主语是“the characters”，与谓语动词select是被动关系，需要用被动语态，由下文的made可知，时态为一般过去时。故填were selected。 13．考查冠词。句意：De Laurentis用音乐术语“sprezzatura”来强调书法中的一种基本追求：即使一件作品显示出强烈的笔触，书写过程也应该显得毫不费力。根据句意，泛指“一种基本追求”。故填a。 14．考查形容词比较级。句意：对于汉字来说，笔画的顺序比拼音文字系统复杂得多。由下文的than可推断，设空处需要填入形容词的比较级形式，表示“更复杂”。故填more complicated。 15．考查宾语从句。句意：首先，一个人试图准确地复制乐谱上的内容，然后，随着更加熟悉，可以用自己的创造力来诠释它。设空处需要填入一个连接代词，引导宾语从句，表示“乐谱上的内容”，作主语，指物。故填what。 16．考查动名词。句意：对伟大书法家作品的诠释和模仿在书法中很重要，不仅是为了完善技巧，也是为了体验情感和智慧。分析句子结构，设空处需要填入动名词形式，作介词“for”的宾语。故填perfecting。 17．考查关系代词。句意：De Laurentis钦佩弘一大师，弘一大师在成为佛教僧侣之前名叫李叔同。设空处需要填入一个关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Master Hongyi，表示“弘一大师的”，用关系代词whose。故填whose。 18．考查连词。句意：希望更多的人，无论是外国人还是中国人，都能欣赏中国书法的美。根据句意，表示“无论是……还是……”，whether…or…。故填whether。 19．考查冠词。句意：在未来，随着更多的文化交流，中国书法必将在世界上发挥更重要的作用，并且它的魅力将进一步传播。。play a…role in，固定短语，表示“发挥作用”，设空处需要填入一个不定冠词，表示“一个”。故填a。 20．考查副词比较级。句意同上。根据前文的more important并结合句意，设空处需要填入副词的比较级形式，表示“更远地”，作状语，修饰spread。故填further。 Passage 3 On Feb. 30, 2024, China completed the construction of the world’s longest expressway tunnel through snow-covered mountains in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, 21 (mark) a significant milestone in its infrastructure development. Once operational, the 22. 13-kilometer Tianshan Shengli Tunnel will reduce the travel time through the Tianshan Mountains — one of the longest mountain 22 (range) in the world — from three hours to about 20 minutes. It will significantly boost connectivity between northern and southern Xinjiang and help the region, 23 is a core area on the Silk Road Economic Belt, further open up to Eurasian countries, the regional government said. The tunneling work started in April 2020. The construction team had to overcome many difficulties and 24 (continuous) innovate to beat challenges such as an average construction elevation of over 3, 000 meters 25 complicated geological conditions. Yang Dongdong, a member of the construction team, said they successfully 26 (deal) with many incidents, including wall collapses and gushing water. “I feel very emotional 27 (see) the tunneling work is finally over. It’s like seeing my child being born,” he said. Cui Jingchuan, president of China Communications Construction Xinjiang Transportation Investment and Development Co, said that all of the machinery 28 (use) to tackle the unprecedented challenges was domestically developed. The regional government said 29 new tunnel will boost the flow and communication of people between northern and southern Xinjiang, allowing 30 more career and development opportunities. 【答案】 21．marking 22．ranges 23．which 24．continuously 25．and 26．had dealt 27．to see 28．used 29．the 30．for 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国建成世界最长穿山高速隧道，意义重大。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：2024年2月30日，中国完成了世界上最长的穿越新疆维吾尔自治区雪山的高速公路隧道建设，标志着中国基础设施建设的一个重要里程碑。本句已有谓语动词completed，空处需填非谓语动词，且逻辑主语China与mark“标志”构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填marking。 22．考查名词的数。句意：天山胜利隧道全长22.13公里，一旦投入使用，将使穿越天山山脉——世界上最长的山脉之一——的行程时间从3小时缩短到约20分钟。mountain range“山脉”，为可数名词，one of后接名词复数形式，本空用复数ranges，符合题意。故填ranges。 23．考查定语从句。句意：地区政府表示，这将极大地促进新疆南北部的连通性，并帮助该地区（丝绸之路经济带核心区）进一步向欧亚国家开放。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为region，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 24．考查副词。句意：施工队伍不得不克服许多困难，不断创新，以克服平均海拔3000米以上和地质条件复杂等挑战。空处修饰动词innovate，需用副词continuously“不断地”，作状语。故填continuously。 25．考查连词。句意同上。结合句意，an average construction elevation of over 3, 000 meters与complicated geological conditions为并列关系，都作介词such as的宾语，故用连词and连接。故填and。 26．考查动词时态。句意：施工队成员杨东东说，他们成功处理了多起事故，包括墙体倒塌和涌水。said后为宾语从句，本空为从句地谓语，deal with“处理”发生在said之前，所以此处使用过去完成时。故填had dealt。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：看到隧道工程终于完工，我很激动。句子已有谓语动词feel，空处需填非谓语动词，feel/be emotional to do sth.“对做某事感到激动的”，本空用不定式to see。故填to see。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国交通建设新疆交通运输投资有限公司总裁崔景川表示，所有用于应对前所未有的挑战的机械设备都是国内研发的。that引导的宾语从句已有谓语动词said，空处需填非谓语动词，作后置定语，machinery与use“使用”构成被动关系，故用过去分词，作定语。故填used。 29．考查冠词。句意：新疆自治区政府表示，新隧道将促进新疆北部和南部之间的人员流动和交流，为更多的职业和发展机会创造条件。tunnel为可数名词，此处表示前文已经提到过的隧道，故用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 30．考查介词。句意同上。此处为固定短语allow for意为“使……成为可能，为……提供机会”符合题意，所以此处使用介词for。故填for。 ( - 1 - ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空 思维导图 模块一 题型核心技巧（精准破题 + 考点锚定） 一、期末高频考点清单（聚焦核心，直击考向） 类别 考点细分 核心规则 期末易错点 无提示词类 冠词 特指用 the；泛指单数用 a（辅音音素开头）/an（元音音素开头）；固定搭配优先 a/an 混淆（如 an useful book 错误）；漏填 the（序数词 / 最高级前） 介词 高频基础介词（in/on/at/with/by/for/of/from/to）；动词 / 名词 / 形容词固定搭配 凭语感填介词（如 devote to doing 误填 for）；混淆同义介词（in/on 表时间） 连词 1. 并列连词：and（顺承）/but（转折）/or（选择）/so（因果）；. 从属连词：从句类型匹配引导词（状语 / 名词性 / 定语从句） 并列连词逻辑错位（如转折关系用 and）；定语从句引导词误填（如 where 代指物） 代词 人称代词（主 / 宾格）、物主代词（形 / 名）、反身代词、不定代词（it/one/ones） 物主代词与人称代词混淆（如 his 误填 he）；不定代词指代不明（如 one 代指复数） 有提示词类 词性转换 1. 名→动 / 动→名 / 形→副 / 形→名 / 动→形；2. 注意单复数、比较级、后缀变化 词形变化不规范（如 happy→happiness 误填 happyly）；漏变单复数（如 many student） 时态与语态 1. 时态：抓时间标志词（every day→一般现在时等）；. 语态：被动结构 “be + 过去分词”，结合时态定 be 动词 现在完成时与一般过去时混淆；被动语态漏填 be 动词（如 was done 误填 done）；时态前后不一致 非谓语动词 1. doing（主动 / 进行 / 伴随）；2. done（被动 / 完成）；3. to do（目的 / 将来 / 固定搭配） doing/done/to do 混淆（如被动关系用 doing）；固定搭配漏记（如 want doing 错误） 情态动词 高频词（can/could/may/might/must/should/need）；匹配语气（能力 / 许可 / 推测等） 推测语气用错（如否定推测用 mustn’t）；need 作情态动词与实义动词混淆 主谓一致 1. 单数主语→单数谓语；复数主语→复数谓语；2. 就近 / 就远原则适配 集合名词主谓一致混乱（如 family 作 “家人” 时用单数谓语）；with 连接主语时主谓不一致 二、标准解题步骤（3 步稳拿分，避免盲目刷题） 1. 通读全文，把握语境（1 分钟） 快速浏览文章，明确文体（记叙文 / 说明文 / 议论文）、核心话题，梳理句子逻辑关系（顺承、转折、因果），标注关键时间词、逻辑词，为后续判断时态、连词奠定基础，避免孤立看单句导致错填。 2. 逐空分析，预判考点（5-6 分钟） 无提示词空：先看句子成分（缺冠词 / 介词 / 连词 / 代词），再结合固定搭配、句子逻辑、指代关系锁定答案，如空后为单数可数名词且表泛指，优先填 a/an；前后句为转折关系，优先填 but。 有提示词空：先判断考点类型（词性转换 / 时态 / 非谓语等），再按对应规则推导： ①提示词为动词，先看是否作谓语（判断时态语态 / 主谓一致），不作谓语则为非谓语（看逻辑关系 / 固定搭配）； ②提示词为名词 / 形容词 / 副词，优先考虑词性转换，结合空后词性确定变化方向（如空后为动词，提示词为形容词，需转副词）。 3. 验证核对，规避失误（1 分钟） 填完所有空后，再次通读全文，检查 3 点： ①语法规则是否正确（时态语态、非谓语形式、主谓一致无错误）； ②语义是否通顺（连词、介词匹配语境，代词指代清晰）； ③词形是否规范（词性转换词形、名词单复数、副词后缀无遗漏），及时修正细节错误（如 a/an 混淆、过去分词拼写错误）。 三、关键题型突破（针对性避坑，聚焦易错点） （一）无提示词类易错题型 定语从句引导词辨析题 解题关键：先判断先行词（人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因），再看引导词在从句中作的成分（主语 / 宾语 / 定语 / 状语）： ①先行词为人，作主语用 who，作宾语用 who/whom/that； ②先行词为物，作主语 / 宾语用 which/that，作定语用 whose； ③先行词为时间，作状语用 when； ④先行词为地点，作状语用 where； ⑤先行词为原因，作状语用 why。 易错点：先行词为物，从句缺宾语时，引导词可省略，避免多余添加 which/that。 介词固定搭配题 解题关键：积累期末高频介词搭配，分类记忆（动词 + 介词、名词 + 介词、形容词 + 介词），如 be proud of、take care of、contribute to、in need of、depend on，避免凭语感随意填介词。 易错点：同一动词搭配不同介词语义不同（如 look for “寻找”、look at “看”、look up “查阅”），需结合语境锁定搭配。 （二）有提示词类易错题型 非谓语动词辨析题 解题关键：分 3 步判断： ①确定提示词为动词，且句子已有谓语动词，判定为非谓语； ②找非谓语动词的逻辑主语（句子主语或空前名词 / 代词）； ③判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系（主动用 doing，被动用 done），结合句子目的（用 to do）。 易错点：过去分词表被动 + 完成，现在分词表主动 + 进行，避免混淆（如 the broken window “破碎的窗户”，window 与 break 为被动，用 broken；the running boy “跑步的男孩”，boy 与 run 为主动，用 running）。 词性转换细节题 解题关键：先看空处所需词性（空前为冠词 / 形容词，需填名词；空后为动词，需填副词；空前为 be 动词 / 系动词，需填形容词），再按词形变化规则变形，注意特殊变化（如 happy→happiness、vary→various→variety、success→successful→successfully）。 易错点：名词需判断单复数（空前为 a/an 用单数，空前为 many/some 用复数），副词需注意不规则变化（如 good→well、fast→fast）。 时态语态综合题 解题关键：①抓时间标志词锁定时态（如 since + 过去时间点→现在完成时、at this time yesterday→过去进行时）；②判断主语与动词的主动 / 被动关系，被动语态需补全 be 动词（结合时态）和过去分词。 易错点：现在完成时与一般过去时混淆（现在完成时表过去动作对现在的影响，一般过去时表过去某一具体时间的动作），被动语态 be 动词形式遗漏（如 was/were/have been + 过去分词）。 模块二：分层专项刷题（由浅到深+逐项突破） 基础层（5 篇）：单考点集中练（如专练非谓语、专练时态），巩固核心规则 基础层练习 1：非谓语动词专项（共 10 空） It was a sunny morning. The students of Class 3 gathered at the school gate, 1_____ (wait) for their field trip to the science museum. Their teacher, Mr. Li, reminded them 2_____ (follow) the rules and not 3_____ (touch) the exhibits. On the way, they saw some workers 4_____ (build) a new park. The children were excited 5_____ (learn) about different scientific inventions. When they arrived, a guide began 6_____ (introduce) the history of space exploration. Many students took notes, 7_____ (hope) to share what they learned with their families. A boy named Tom was so absorbed in 8_____ (watch) a robot show that he almost forgot 9_____ (meet) his classmates. At the end of the day, everyone felt tired but happy, 10_____ (say) it was a meaningful trip. 基础层练习 2：时态专项（共 10 空） Last year, I 1_____ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside. They 2_____ (live) there for more than 30 years. Every morning, my grandpa 3_____ (take) a walk along the river, and my grandma 4_____ (cook) delicious breakfast. One afternoon, we 5_____ (go) fishing. I 6_____ (never catch) a fish before, so I was very nervous. To my surprise, I 7_____ (catch) a big one after 20 minutes. My grandpa 8_____ (praise) me for my patience. Now, I 9_____ (miss) those happy days very much. I 10 _____ (plan) to go back during the winter vacation. 基础层练习 3：词性转换专项（共 10 空） 1. The _____ (develop) of technology has changed our life greatly. (develop) 2. She is a ____ (care) girl, so she often makes mistakes in her homework. (care) 3. The teacher spoke _____ (slow) to help us understand better. (slow) 4. We should have _____ (confident) in ourselves when facing difficulties. (confident) 5. The _____ (happy) on her face showed that she passed the exam. (happy) 6. This is a _____ (danger) road; please drive carefully. (danger) 7. He is one of the most _____ (success) writers in our country. (success) 8. The _____ (friend) between us will last forever. (friend) 9. It’s _____ (use) to argue with him; he never listens. (use) 10. She sings very _____ (beautiful); many people like her songs. (beautiful) 基础层练习 4：冠词 / 介词专项（共 10 空） I have 1_____ friend who likes playing 2_____ piano. We usually go to school 3_____ foot, but sometimes 4_____ bike. 5_____ sun rises in 6_____ east and sets in 7_____ west. She is interested 8_____ English and spends much time 9_____ it every day. He was born 10_____ a cold morning in December. 基础层练习 5：连词 / 代词专项（共 10 空） I wanted to buy a book, 1_____ I didn’t have enough money. 2_____ you study hard, you will pass the exam easily. This is the pen 3_____ my father gave me on my birthday. —Who is 4_____ speaking? —5_____ is Tom. She has two brothers; 6_____ is a doctor, and 7_____ is a teacher. I don’t know 8_____ he will come or not. My mother prepared dinner 9_____ I was doing my homework. 10_____ is important to learn English well in modern society. 提升层（8 篇）：混合考点综合练，匹配期末真题难度 Passage 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history 1 (date) back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. The dance relates to sacrifices to the farmland god when people prayed for a good harvest. As time passed, the 2 (origin) dance developed, taking in various artistic forms and skills, including opera, acrobatics and martial arts, and eventually turned into the type of Yangko 3 is seen today. 4 (preserve) this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的)items of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It is 5 (common) performed in northern China during festivals, especially for Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival. Performances or competitions 6 (organize) in towns and villages to express people’s joy and their hope for a better life. Yangko employs drumming, Suona, dancing and singing. Content is based 7 folk stories and legends. Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling 8 (character) to be easily identified. During a performance, the actors will dance and sing, following lively rhythms. Highly skilled and interesting acts such as stilt(高跷)walking 9 carrying a wedding sedan chair(花轿)are also included. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Yangko 10 (concentrate) the group consciousness of the Chinese people, and has outstanding historical and cultural value. Passage 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiangsu, known for its unique blend of innovation and preservation, is a true treasure. I was ___11___ (incredible) fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly 12 (long) to explore further. My first stop was Suzhou. 13 (engage) myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I specially chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, 14 the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a 15 (scene) lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape. As I adventured into the heart of the city, the Old Town’s ancient waterways led me on an 16 (explore) of history, and the classical gardens offered a glimpse into a storied past. However, what truly amazed me was the “energy of Suzhou” represented by its people who have enormous respect for their city’s time-honored history as well as 17 innovative eye on the future. Actually, the mindset of modernization with deep respect for the past isn’t only unique to Suzhou 18 an indicative factor of Nanjing. High-rises decorate the city’s skyline, creating a distinct contrast 19 the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings that 20 (occupy) previously by people. Passage 3 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 A unique food trend has recently gained 21 (popular) among young people in China. Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and affordable way 22 (enjoy) delicious food while also reducing food waste. So far this concept 23 (attract) the attention of many curious young individuals. The concept of “leftover food blind boxes” 24 (originate) abroad, specifically from an app called Too Good To Go that started in Denmark in 2015. Its goal is to fight against food waste by offering surplus (剩余的) unsold food from nearby stores and restaurants 25 a reduced price. Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad 26 shared their experiences, Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, 27 (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. The operational methods of the “leftover food blind box” model can vary between stores. Some boxes contain pre-packed meals 28 (base) on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow 29 (customer) to choose from what still remains in the store around closing time. However, the latter option is less common. The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding 30 element of surprise to the dining experience. Passage 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 South Koreans reacted with joy and 31 (astonish) on Thursday after learning that homegrown writer Han Kang won the Nobel Prize in literature, 32 unexpected moment that promoted national pride about the country’s growing cultural influence. Han, known for her experimental and often 33 (disturb) stories that explore human pains and violence and incorporate the cruel moments of South Korea’s modern history, is the country’s first writer to win the award in world literature. As the news spread in South Korea, some online bookstores 34 (temporary) froze following a sudden jump in traffic. South Korean social media platforms 35 (flood) with messages expressing admiration and pride. Some Internet users found it significant that Han became the first Asian woman 36 (obtain) the award. In South Korea’s parliament (国会), multiple government hearings were paused as lawmakers applauded 37 cheered for Han’s award. While visiting Laos for a meeting of Asian leaders, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol issued a statement congratulating Han on her award, 38 (call) it a “great achievement in the history of Korean literature” and a “special moment for the nation.” “You turned the painful wounds of 39 (we) modern history into great literature,” Yoon wrote. “send my respects 40 you for promoting the value of Korean literature”. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mianwo, which means fried rice buns, a local snack in Wuhan, is a yellow-colored, fried rice doughnut. Seen from above, it looks like a ring; it has thick edges and 41 hole in the center. 42 (typical), people prefer to snack on mianwo while 43 (enjoy) hot-and-dry noodles, rice noodles, sweet soybean milk, bean curd jelly, or rice-wine egg soup. 44 mianwo does not contain any flour as such, it is technically inappropriate 45 (use) the character “mian”, but it is used anyway. Mianwo is said to have first been made by a seller named Chang Zhiren, who 46 (sell) shaobing near Jijiazui on Hanzheng Street, Hankou, during the control of the Guangxu Emperor. It is said that he asked a blacksmith to make an iron concave (凹形) spoon with a central bulge (隆起). The rice paste 47 (make) from rice and soybeans was put into a frying-pan. Soon, a round rice cake with thick edges, yellow color, and crispy(脆的) taste was made. People found it quite unique because the thicker part was soft but the 48 (thin) part was crispy. Chang Zhiren called it mianwo. Talented chefs can make mianwo without the crispy part 49 the center; this is preferred by elderly 50 (consumer). Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cheng Yongmao was born in a village in Huairou, Beijing and began to learn the skill of building under the 51 (guide) of his uncle in 1972. Although he didn’t receive a 52 ( high) education, his practical experience enabled him to readily take in the theories, which in turn 53 (improve) his skills significantly. Cheng received his first Great Wall assignment in 2004. He led a construction team of dozens of members, most of 54 came from mountainous areas in neighboring Hebei province and were 55 (consequent) good at hiking up and down the peaks. In 2016, he started to work on the Jiankou section, which 56 (consider) one of the most dangerous parts of the Great Wall in Beijing and is known by hikers as the “Wild Wall”. The toughest place is called Yingfei Daoyang (Eagle Flies Upside Down), 57 (suggest) that even an eagle would have to fly straight up, 58 its beak pointing up directly toward the sky to fly over this spot. Working there is dangerous, but under Cheng’s leadership, the workers adapted to the 59 (challenge) environment and built up their strength. After years of efforts, the section has regained its historical appearance. “Protecting the Great Wall is my responsibility,” he said, “As long as I can climb up the mountain, I’ll do my best to lead my team, especially to assist them in gaining experience 60 making their due contributions.” Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Growing up in Ghana, I was exposed to some appealing Chinese films. Some of them set off my 61 (curious) about the Chinese language and culture, in spite of 62 language barrier. My journey to the East began in 2017 almost 63 (accidental), when I decided to study Chinese language and culture at university. You can’t imagine my excitement when I received my admission notice from my 64 (choose) university. Countless challenges 65 (accompany) my journey in learning Chinese. However, as the class monitor, I had the opportunity to grow 66 (close) to my Chinese teacher than other students. He provided me with encouragement and support, 67 helped me abandon the idea of giving up. I practiced writing Chinese characters, reciting poems and singing songs. The sense of safety and security in China is 68 (fantasy). On one occasion, I forgot my diary on the subway and only realized it when I got home. A Chinese friend advised me to call a certain number, and within minutes, I 69 (tell) that someone found my diary and kept it safely. I was able to claim it the following day. My encounter with China and Chinese has impacted my personal and professional growth. 70 conclusion, my life has become beautiful because of the Chinese language. Passage 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Wukong! My bro!” shouted Kalex Willzy when he saw Sun Wukong hiding his golden staff in his ear in an electronic game, 71 instantly reminded him of the scene from the Chinese novel Journey to the West. Willzy, a radio host in the UK, began exploring the novel last year 72 the1986 Chinese TV series. His interest in Chinese tales was inspired after seeing a preview of Black Myth: Wukong, a video game 73 (base) on the novel. For Willzy, it’s about both learning and playing. “By playing as Wukong, we learn much about him and Chinese culture because we have to 74 we want to win the game. We spend days, weeks and even months playing, so 75 (natural) we often learn a lot from them.” Black Myth: Wukong has become a top seller on Steam, a global digital 76 (distribute) platform for games, reflecting China’s 77 (expand) cultural presence beyond traditional boundaries, with video games becoming the new ambassadors (大使) of its culture. Sun Wukong stands out due to the rich mix of 1,000 years of Chinese culture shaping him. Journey to the West offers a wide-ranging narrative (叙事) that covers numerous 78 (encounter) and exploration of various cultures. The tale 79 (translate) into more than a dozen languages by now, with more than 60 versions available worldwide. Digital media has 80 (far) driven international adaptations of the story. 拓展层（3 篇）：稍难文本（长难句占比提升），适配优等生拔高 Passage 1 Can merely making a pledge (誓言) to be honest without any punishment involved lead people to behave more honestly, even when there’s reason to lie? A recent study published in Nature Human Behavior reveals that honesty pledges can effectively reduce dishonest behavior — but only when carefully 1 (word). Psychologist Janis Zickfeld and his team conducted experiments with over 21,000 participants from the U.S. and the U.K., 2 (simulate)a tax-reporting scenario where subjects could lie about their earnings without penalty. Participants performed a sorting task 3 they earned money based on how quickly they finished. They then reported how much they had made, which 4 (tax) at 35 percent. Participants could lie without consequence but were also told the collected tax would go to the Red Cross. The researchers generated 21 types of honesty pledges. The tax compliance figure averaged 82.3 percent for participants in the control group who declared their income without taking pledges, compared with 86.2 percent averaged across all the groups that made pledges. The research found that the pledges were far from equal in preserving honest behavior. Specific pledges like “Misreporting is forbidden” reduced cheating 5 nearly 50% compared to vague statements such as “I am an honest person.” The next most effective spelled out the meaning of dishonesty or the rules 6 (follow) (“I understand that misreporting is forbidden in this study”). Casting honesty as all-or-nothing (“either the reporting is honest or it is not”) and appealing to social norms were also both modestly effective. Pledges highlighting social bonds or self-image did not have a significant effect. Timing also mattered: pledges presented after completing a task but before reporting results were more effective than those shown earlier. Additionally, participants who typed their pledges rather than just checking a box showed higher compliance rates, suggesting active engagement strengthens 7 (commit). Interestingly, the study uncovered demographic (人口统计的) differences. Younger males with low scores in “honesty-humility” personality traits were most likely to cheat, 8 cultural factors also played a role — Americans lied more frequently than British participants in the pound-denominated experiment, 9 the British pound is used, so foreign currencies perhaps seemed more abstract to the American participants. These findings have practical implications. As researcher Shaul Shalvi notes, “Precision in wording isn’t just about grammar; it’s 10 separates symbolic gestures from real behavioral change.” The team is now applying these insights in real-world settings, including hospitals tracking medical equipment returns. “The beauty of these interventions is: they’re very cheap,” Shalvi says. But this study is only a first step. “Once we know what effects are vigorous and steady, we can go to policymakers and suggest randomized controlled trials in target populations. Then, if that works, we can look at changing tax forms or whatever.” Passage 2 De Laurentis published a monograph in 2021, which 11 (scrutinize) the monument’s historical context, significance and artistic value. “Calligraphy is a crucial part of China’s civilizational history and a highlight of Chinese culture,” he says. When collating the characters for the monument, Huairen tried to restore Wang’s natural writing state. Although the characters 12 (select) from different scrolls of Wang’s at various stages of his life, Huairen made efforts to present a unified style while keeping variations. He also included some roughly written characters to show Wang’s casual writing manner. De Laurentis uses the musical expression sprezzatura to emphasize 13 fundamental pursuit in calligraphy: even if a piece shows strong strokes, the writing process should seem effortless. Like music, calligraphy is an art of time and space. For Chinese characters, the stroke order is much 14 (complicated) than that of phonetic writing systems. “The relationship between different components is like the flow of a melody,” De Laurentis says. Learning calligraphy is like a pianist’s process of playing music. First, one tries to reproduce exactly 15 is on the score, and then, with more familiarity, one can interpret it with one’s own ingenuity. Interpretations and imitations of great calligraphers’ works are important in calligraphy, not only for 16 (perfect) techniques but also for experiencing emotions and wisdom. Moreover, calligraphy mirrors the mind. De Laurentis admires Master Hongyi, 17 name was Li Shutong before becoming a Buddhist monk. When copying other calligraphers’ works, Master Hongyi withdrew himself and wholeheartedly conformed to strokes and the temperament of others. He demonstrated compassion and universal love in his facsimiles. It is believed that calligraphy can help people cultivate aesthetics and accumulate wisdom in dealing with character structures. And it is hoped that more people, 18 foreigners or Chinese, can appreciate the beauty of Chinese calligraphy. In the future, with more cultural exchanges, Chinese calligraphy will surely play 19 more important role in the world, and its charm will be 20 (far) spread. Passage 3 On Feb. 30, 2024, China completed the construction of the world’s longest expressway tunnel through snow-covered mountains in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, 21 (mark) a significant milestone in its infrastructure development. Once operational, the 22. 13-kilometer Tianshan Shengli Tunnel will reduce the travel time through the Tianshan Mountains — one of the longest mountain 22 (range) in the world — from three hours to about 20 minutes. It will significantly boost connectivity between northern and southern Xinjiang and help the region, 23 is a core area on the Silk Road Economic Belt, further open up to Eurasian countries, the regional government said. The tunneling work started in April 2020. The construction team had to overcome many difficulties and 24 (continuous) innovate to beat challenges such as an average construction elevation of over 3, 000 meters 25 complicated geological conditions. Yang Dongdong, a member of the construction team, said they successfully 26 (deal) with many incidents, including wall collapses and gushing water. “I feel very emotional 27 (see) the tunneling work is finally over. It’s like seeing my child being born,” he said. Cui Jingchuan, president of China Communications Construction Xinjiang Transportation Investment and Development Co, said that all of the machinery 28 (use) to tackle the unprecedented challenges was domestically developed. The regional government said 29 new tunnel will boost the flow and communication of people between northern and southern Xinjiang, allowing 30 more career and development opportunities. ( - 1 - ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $