专题02 语法填空 （期末复习讲义） 高一英语上学期北师大版

该高中英语语法填空期末复习讲义以“词-句-篇”三层考查逻辑为框架，通过分类梳理与典例解析构建知识体系，将考点分为有提示词（动词、名词、形容词副词、代词）和无提示词（冠词、介词、连词等）两大模块，并用表格呈现题型分布、思维导图归纳解题步骤，清晰呈现各考点内在联系与重难点。 讲义亮点在于“语境化典例+分层训练”设计，如动词考点结合“曹越徒步丝绸之路”“碧螺春制作”等中国文化话题，在语法讲解中渗透文化意识；通过“谓语非谓语判断三步骤”“时态语态解题流程”等方法指导，培养学生分析推断的思维品质。配套基础通关（10篇短文）与链接高考（3篇真题）练习，基础生可掌握解题规范，优秀生能提升语用能力，为教师实施分层教学提供精准支持。

专题02 语法填空（期末复习讲义） 语法填空对语法知识的考查，兼顾词、句、篇三个层面，考查的覆盖面广，涉及的考点全且重点突出。词汇主要涉及通过语法及语义考查派生、词类转换及词形变化，如名词、动词、形容词相互之间的转换，动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式的变化，名词的复数、所有格变化等。语法主要涉及各词类的基本功能、句子结构的分析与理解、各种复合句的连接词等。 【命题特点】 第一讲　有提示词类 一、提示词为动词 动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大，一般4个；以考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以及词形转换为主。 (一)谓语和非谓语的判断 根据英语的句法结构，如果一个句子中要出现多个动作，构成的句式有以下三种： 【典例1】　In the last five years，Cao 67.________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s 68.highest mountain. Now，Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 69.from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20,70.________(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【典例2】　Shanghai may be the 39.________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. 【典例3】　As a photographer，I have spent the last two years 48.________ (record) everything I discovered. 【典例4】　Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ________(have) a low impact on the natural environment. (二)谓语动词的时态和语态 判断所填空处为谓语动词之后，根据以下三个步骤做题： 【典例1】　 As a little girl，I 45.________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【典例2】　Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 50.________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【典例3】　But Cobb and others ________(be)now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely，and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. (三)非谓语动词 【典例1】　This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________ (live) in the countryside，including lower levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities. 【典例2】　Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 【典例3】　To strengthen the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，________ (invite) twenty­nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty­six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. (四)考查派生词 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。 【典例1】　Since June 2017，right before the 36.________ (arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37.confident (confidence) speaking English. 【典例2】　Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot，36.________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 二、提示词为名词 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。 【典例1】　They also need to be ready to give 41.________(interview) in English with international journalists. 【典例2】　47.________ (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 【典例3】　Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花)：The 69.________(beauty) long branches covered with pink­colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 三、提示词为形容词或副词 一般考查形容词和副词之间的互变，或对比较级进行考查。 【典例1】　The term “hutong”，57.________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 【典例2】　As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the ________ (large) tea­producing country，China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【典例3】　The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the ________ (hot) the spring! 【典例4】　When the house was built，it was much ________ (small)than it is today. 四、提示词为代词 一般考查人称代词变为物主代词，主格变为宾格，有时也考查人称代词变为反身代词。 【典例1】　Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 41.to_be_lifted (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42.________ (they) contents. 【典例2】　The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony，opening ________ (it)first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 【典例3】　She was extremely pretty，and her house was a reflection of ________ (she)，everything in good taste and in perfect order. 【典例4】　As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in ________ (I)． 【针对性训练】 A 体裁 主题语境 话题 说明文 人与社会 碧螺春茶的知识与制作 In China，there are 44 national­level intangible cultural heritage items related 1.________ tea，including the art of making Biluochun,2.________ type of green tea.With a history of about 1,000 years，Biluochun,3.________ translates as “green spiral spring (碧螺春)”，is made from tender tea shoots.It is known for its spiral­like 4.________ (appear)． To make this tea，the tea trees and fruit trees 5.________ (plant) together.The practice，passed down from ancestors，guarantees the 6.________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste. Traditionally，Biluochun is produced 7.________ (entire) by hand.About 1 kilogram of leaves 8.________ (pick) from a big tea tree produce only 0.1 kilogram of tea after processing. Biluochun must be processed soon after.Tender tea shoots are placed in a heated iron pan and stirred (搅拌) quickly.A person needs to be particularly attentive 9.________ (adjust) the level of heat to judge the condition of the tea by smell.Next 10.________ (come) the shaping process.By stirring，shaking and rubbing the tea leaves in the pan at 100℃，they begin to dry and develop a spiral form.The entire process usually takes about 40 minutes.Every minute matters，or the tea will not taste good. B 体裁 主题语境 话题 说明文 人与社会 中国丝绸之路 With a history of more than 2,000 years，the Silk Route dates back to Han dynasty.Through this route，the Chinese highly 11.________ (qualify)silk made its fame to the western countries.The merchants in different regions 12.________ (seek)the opportunity of trading Chinese silk 13.________ they indeed made their fortune along this route.That route functioned 14.________ the life blood of international trade at that time.Meanwhile，the Chinese civilization 15.________ (introduce)to the Western countries and vice versa.The Silk Route was considered as a new chapter 16.________ (record)the friendship between the European and Asian peoples. Throughout all these years，many great figures have made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Route.Today，the Silk Route has a 17.________ (poet)name called One Belt One Road，aiming to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road.The main cities alongside it are becoming 18.________ (large)and more important in helping trade and culture exchange.Many countries have gained great 19.________ (benefit)along the trading process.All in all，the ancient Silk Road is more like 20.________ historical textbook for everyone to read and to know about what happened during that ancient time.It has been playing a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China. 第二讲　无提示词类 一、填冠词 空格后有可数名词，或者有序数词、最高级等形式，一般是填冠词。 【典例1】　The meat should be fresh with 43.________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot，clear and delicious. 【典例2】　In contrast to the court life and upper­class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect 65.________ culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【典例3】　To celebrate ________ festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 【典例4】　While you’re in China，Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit! 【典例5】　It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi’an City Wall. 二、填介词 介词位于名词、名词词组、代词或动名词前；动词后面的固定搭配，需要强化记忆。 技巧：介词＋n./代词/doing或固定搭配 【典例1】　There you will find them prepared differently－more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed 40.________ hand rather than rolled. 【典例2】　She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 48.________ saving their environment. 【典例3】　Due to the growing popularity of environmentally­related and adventure travel，various types ________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 【典例4】　The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ________ 2.1 in women and men. 三、填连词 1．填并列连词：高频考点为and，but，or或so，构成并列、转折、选择、因果关系。特别注意although/though 不与but 连用。because不能与so连用。 技巧：单词/短语＋并列连词＋单词/短语 2．填从句引导词：当空格后为句子，而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时，一般是填从句引导词。定语从句要注意分析句子整体结构和从句缺少的成分；名词性从句要结合句意和缺少的成分；状语从句注意主从句的逻辑关系。 技巧：一个句子＋从属关联词＋一个句子；从属关联词＋一个句子，一个句子(主句) 【典例1】　They also need to be ready to give 41.interviews (interview) in English with international journalists.This is 42.________ they need an English trainer. 【典例2】　But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place 43.________ welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life，with 21st­century architectural 44.wonders (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【典例3】　It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44.________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【典例4】　It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work，45.________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 四、填代词(无提示词时) 当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应该是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也可能填不定代词等。 【典例1】　If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 70.________ a try. 【典例2】　Many westerners 57.that/who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58.________ can be to eat out. 【针对性训练】 A 体裁 主题语境 话题 新闻报道 人与社会 中国的分级医疗 More than 1.43 million Chinese family physicians are tirelessly working 1.________(provide) quality primary healthcare services and contributing to building a “Healthy China”． These family doctors,2.________ working individually or in teams，offer a wide range of services to residents in need，including home treatment，long­term prescriptions and efficient referrals (转交)．Their dedication and 3.________ (commit) to improving healthcare in China are critical to the well­being of the people. Such services play 4.________ crucial role in developing a hierarchical (分等级的) medical system 5.________ enables patients to receive their initial diagnoses at the basic level,6.________ (meet) the growing demand for primary healthcare due to aging and fostering a positive doctor­patient relationship throughout the country. Wu Yihuan，a CPPCC member with extensive healthcare experience,7.________ (submit) a proposal on how to improve family physician services in 2018.Her proposal emphasized the importance of clarifying the scope of such services and 8.________(continuous) enhancing the system to ensure high­quality healthcare services for all. Chinese family physicians have undertaken numerous tasks in the fight 9.________ COVID­19 over the past few years，in an effort to meet the health demands of the public.The contributions 10.________ (make) by them were appreciated by the whole Chinese. The coverage rate of family physician services for the whole population and key populations will grow by one to three percentage points each year，and will reach more than 75 percent by 2035. B 体裁 主题语境 话题 说明文 人与社会 智能机器人ChatGPT From writing poetry to making music，ChatGPT 11.________(amaze) the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US­based company Open AI.It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota，US，according to CNN. The AI program can answer questions on a large number of topics，and write essays，stories and any other written texts you can think of.It does this by drawing on information 12.________(collect) from a large corpus (语料库)of text data. What makes ChatGPT so impressive？As Sam Altman，the CEO of OpenAI said in an interview，“It’s not actually 13.________(fundamental) new technology that made ChatGPT have a moment.” According to MIT Technology Review，ChatGPT is based on a large language model.Because texts are more complex 14.________ the meaning of every word combined，language models require a type of neural (神经的)network that can make sense of texts.One breakthrough behind today’s models 15.________(be) a network called Transformer，invented by Google researchers.The neural network can infer 16.________ the word means by tracking where it appears in a sentence.Transformer can therefore collect the meaning of texts more accurately. The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised learning,17.________(mean) that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.ChatGPT can now generate human­like responses instantly due 18.________ the large scale of texts it learned from. “One of the biggest 19.________(problem) with ChatGPT is that it comes back，very confidently，with false contents，” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London，UK，told The Guardian.This means ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world－it learns information from 20.________(variety) resources but it cannot decide what is true or false. 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent weeks, the US internet users have been flocking (蜂拥) in surprising numbers to sign up to a popular Chinese social media app called the Little Rednote, also known as Xiaohongshu, 1 (lead) to an increasing relationship between Chinese and American citizens as they exchange jokes, memes (模因) 2 even help each other with their homework. It seems that US internet users fall in love with China’s memes and can’t get enough of them. Perhaps you’ve heard of “u swan (天鹅), he frog”? In August 2024, the influencer YourKris published a post on the Little Rednote in 3 she discussed relationship troubles with her boyfriend. She 4 (meet) by a flood of supportive comments from Chinese users featuring turns of phrase such as “you swan, he frog”. The 5 (literal) translated idiom was subsequently used by Americans online 6 (describe) everything from celebrity relationships 7 political candidates. The 8 (popular) of Chinese memes reveals how American users are expressing a great interest in China nowadays and it is providing an opportunity for interactions between two countries. According to some American 9 (create) who share Chinese content online, the reason why it performs well is the same reason any content 10 (do) well: it’s funny, well-made, and feels authentic. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At 7:38 on June 4, 2024, the Chang’e-6 ascender (上升器) carrying lunar samples took off from the back of the moon and 11 (success) entered the predetermined circular orbit around the moon. Chang’e-6 has completed the 12 (world) first sampling (采样) and take-off on the lunar far side. From June 2 to 3, Chang’e-6 successfully 13 (complete) the intelligent and rapid sampling in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon, 14 stored the precious lunar far side samples in the storage device 15 (carry) by the ascender, completing the “packing” of this cosmic express delivery. Compared with the lunar surface take-off of Chang’e-5, the 16 (engineer) realization of the lunar far side take-off of the Chang'e-6 ascender is 17 (difficult). With the assistance of the Queqiao-2 relay satellite, 18 Chang’e-6 ascender realizes autonomous positioning and attitude determination with the help of special sensors carried by itself. After ignition and take-off, the ascender went through three stages of vertical ascent, attitude 19 (adjust), and orbit injection, and successfully entered the predetermined circular orbit around the moon. In the follow-up, lunar samples will be transferred 20 the returner and brought back to Earth by the returner. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The moment Alok Shukla first saw the forest in central India stretching out before him, he knew two things immediately. One: that this forest—known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh, home to thousands of local people, 21 (endanger) animals and rare plants—was one of the most beautiful places he had ever seen. And two: that he 22 (devote) his life to protecting it from being destroyed by big companies. The only question was, how? Twelve years later, Alok 23 smile at the memory. After all, what he has achieved in the past years has been impressive. On Monday, the 43-year-old 24 (award) the Goldman Environmental Prize, which was widely known as the green Nobel. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest in Chhattisgarh was under threat, because of its rich coal deposits (矿床). In India, the world’s second 25 (large) consumer of coal after China, those deposits are highly valuable. But the value of the forest to the local people was incalculable to Alok. He wasn’t the only one 26 (recognize) the value of the land: local government had declared that the forest should be protected a few years earlier. 27 this, so-called coal areas in the forest were put up for public sale. Alok realized they were sure to lose the battle 28 everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会) was set up, 29 (teach) people about the local laws and rights available. 30 also joined the different groups together effectively for the first time. Alok hopes winning the Goldman prize will inspire other movements globally—and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong, and our effort will be to save every tree.” he vows. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Guiyang, capital city of Southwest China’s Guizhou province, has a rich history and culture. It has undergone continuous betterment and now 31 (attract) a steady stream of visitors. Breathtaking 32 (landscape), tea culture, and energetic ethnic (民族的) minorities are the three main features that define Guiyang and wider Guizhou, and visitors can enjoy them all in Qingzhen city, west of Guiyang. AJ Donnelly, a British vlogger, visited Qingzhen to explore its characteristic customs and 33 (invite) scenery. In this video trip, AJ showed us around the Hongfeng Lake, which 34 (surround) by beautiful red leaves in autumn, and China’s newest social media hit, the Yangpi Cave Waterfall, which is famous 35 its breathtaking Karst landforms. In the Ludishao Tea Expo Garden, AJ buried 36 (he) in tea aroma (芳香) and tried hand-picking his own tea. AJ also visited the Maige Miao and Bouyei ethnic township, 37 mainly live the “Four Seals Miao”, 38 branch of the Miao people. Their characteristic clothing made a surprise 39 (appear) in Milan Fashion Week and served the world a visual feast. Charming Qingzhen is just a glimpse (一瞥) of “Cool Guiyang”, and there are more splendid views the city has 40 (choose) from. Come and see for yourselves, will you? Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1818 Mary Shelley published Frankenstein, the story of a scientist who tries to create a superior, being and instead creates a monster. In the last two centuries, this story 41 (tell) over and over again in countless variations. At first sight, the Frankenstein story appears to warn us that if we try to play God and engineer life we will be punished severely. Yet the story has a 42 (deep) meaning. The Frankenstein myth confronts. Homo sapiens (智人) with the fact that the last days are fast approaching. 43 some nuclear or ecological disaster strikes, the pace of technological development will soon lead to the replacement of Homo sapiens by completely different beings who possess not only different physiques, but also very different cognitive and emotional worlds. This is something most Sapiens find extremely worrying. We like to believe that in the future people just 44 us will travel from planet to planet in fast spaceships. We don’t like to think about the 45 (possible) that in the future, beings with emotions and identities like ours will no longer exist, and our place will be taken by alien life forms 46 abilities beat our own. We seek comfort in the fantasy that Dr. Frankenstein can create only terrible monsters, whom we would have to destroy in order to save the world. We like to tell the story that way because it implies that we are 47 best of all beings, that there never was and never will be anything better than us. Any attempt 48 (improve) us will inevitably fail, because even if our bodies might be improved, you cannot touch the human spirit. We would have a hard time 49 (accept) the fact that scientists could engineer spirits as well as bodies, and that future Dr. Frankenstein could therefore create something 50 (true) superior to us, something that will look at us as condescendingly (居高临下地) as we look at the Neanderthals (穴居人). Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A mysterious dog Recently, a museum uncovered a little dog hidden in early Picasso painting. 51 (reveal) during a technical analysis of the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Moulin de la Galette” ahead of an exhibition of his early works, the image of a charming dog has attracted a lot of attention. Opened at the Guggenheim on Friday, the new show “Young Picasso in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picasso upon his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Moulin de la Galette” 52 (describe) a lively scene at a famous Parisian dance hall also painted by other artists. A sea of couples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwork, with three figures 53 (seat) at a table in the foreground. Museum experts were able to generate an image of what the dog originally looked like using X-ray scanning, 54 imaging technique that figures out the chemical elements in a painting, according to the Guggenheim’s senior paintings expert, Julie Barten. “It was interesting to me that he quickly painted over this dog, 55 would have been a rather amazing aspect of this painting,” Barten said in a phone call. The museum noted that the dog 56 (wear) a red bow bears a close similarity to a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Though Barten cannot say for certain 57 Picasso opted to remove the dog from the scene, she suggested that the painter might have considered its lively face and attractive bow too distracting. Covering up the dog allows viewers 58 (look) more carefully at all of these other wonderful figures in the composition and experience the space in different ways. Picasso made other changes to the work, including 59 (switch) the gender presentations of a dancing couple and painting out an empty chair, according to the study. Modifying paintings later became part of Picasso’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that now “Le Moulin de la Galette” 60 (consider) one of the earliest examples of this. Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 13th China Folk Art Festival, which has the largest scale and is the 61 (high) level of its kind in China, began in Qingdao West Coast New Area on April 20. The festival gathers famous experts 62 have been concentrating on folk art. Twenty first-class art performers 63 eighteen provinces and autonomous regions put on performances. The 16th Shanhua Award of Chinese Folk Literature and Art is also taking place at the festival. 64 lecture will be held focusing on issues like the development of folk art, the 65 (protect) of the marine (海洋的) cultural heritage, as well as the training of followers. The exhibition has been open from April 20 to 30 and is displaying paintings that cover diverse folk cultures and 66 (history) backgrounds. It aims to promote handmade artworks in Shandong and tell the world the 67 (story) of the Chinese people. During the festival, folk artists will also visit Qingdao Qianwan Port to voluntarily perform for local residents, 68 (enrich) their spiritual and cultural lives. To date, 69 (know) as “a village of modern Chinese folk paintings”, Qingdao WCNA has been trying to build a strong culture. A total of 86 intangible cultural heritage items 70 (promote) and more than 120 works have won art prizes. Passage 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide-ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence. If passed, those rules would make the E.U. the first major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域) outside of China 71 (pass) targeted AI regulation. And tech companies are lobbying(游说) hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules. The E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens 72 base) on their behavior and facial recognition in public. The rules could set a global standard, as companies may find it easier to obey E.U. rules in all countries, 73 to build different products for different jurisdictions. One of the act’s most controversial points is whether so-called general-purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— 74 be considered high risk, and thus subject to the strictest rules. Lobbying 75 this possibility are Big Tech companies, including Google and OpenAI’s biggest investor Microsoft, which 76 (invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies. “Predicting all potential risks” of general-purpose AIs would 77   be near impossible but also hold back innovation, a letter to E.U. lawmakers co-signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says; instead, it recommends, the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies 78 apply Big Tech’s AIs to specific risky use cases. 79 (categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk” would be wrong, Google argued in a separate letter to E.U. regulators, and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe. A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea, arguing that excluding 80 (powerful) AI systems from the new E.U. rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn’t apply to Facebook or TikTok. Passage 9 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qingcheng Mountain, 81 (locate) in Dujiangyan, Chengdu city of Sichuan province, is one of the cradles of Taoism(道教). With over 20 temples and religious sites for Taoism, it has a strong flavor of Taoist culture and the 82 (building) demonstrate the Sichuan style of architecture. It is famous as the place 83 in 142 the philosopher Zhang Ling founded the doctrine(学说)of Chinese Taoism. Built 84 the mountain during the Jin and Tang dynasties 85 (be) many temples 86 (express)Taoism culture. It also has 87 (nature)landscape with peaks rise and fall, dense forests and quiet trails(小径), which 88 (great)attracts many tourists all over 89 world. The Qingcheng Mountain, together with Dujiangyan irrigation system, 90 (list) as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 2000. Passage 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is 91 (true) nothing like the World Cup! However, the soccer fans in Qatar cannot spend all their time watching matches. So, some of them who want to have a tourist experience between games head 92 the desert outside Doha for camel rides and 93 (photo). In terms of that, business is good for animal handlers. They are making much more money than usual. However, the interest is causing trouble for the camels. Ali Jaber al Ali is from Sudan but has been in Qatar for 15 years. On a normal day, he 94 (say), his company would offer around 20 rides during the week and 50 rides on the weekends. But with so many soccer fans 95 (visit) the country in recent weeks, he and his team have been giving 500 rides in the morning and 500 in the evening, 96 means the camels have little time 97 (rest). Before roads 98 (build), camels were important to transportation and trade in Qatar. Now they are mostly used in racing and to give rides. Despite all that, not every customer is happy. Pablo Corigliano from Argentina said he was hoping for 99 more authentic experience. The rides start on the side of a large road, just past a city 100 (know) for its oil production centers. 链接高考（测试时间：18分钟） Passage 1 （2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of ____57___ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, ____64____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65___ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. Passage 2 （2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37____ (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me ____38____ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt ____39____ learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found ____40____ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them. Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____43____ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ____44____ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. Passage 3 （2025年1月浙江卷）The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ____56____ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____57____ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ____58____ the fact that they have something unique to wear ____59____ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive ____61____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空（期末复习讲义） 语法填空对语法知识的考查，兼顾词、句、篇三个层面，考查的覆盖面广，涉及的考点全且重点突出。词汇主要涉及通过语法及语义考查派生、词类转换及词形变化，如名词、动词、形容词相互之间的转换，动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式的变化，名词的复数、所有格变化等。语法主要涉及各词类的基本功能、句子结构的分析与理解、各种复合句的连接词等。 【命题特点】 第一讲　有提示词类 一、提示词为动词 动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大，一般4个；以考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以及词形转换为主。 (一)谓语和非谓语的判断 根据英语的句法结构，如果一个句子中要出现多个动作，构成的句式有以下三种： 【典例1】　In the last five years，Cao 67.________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s 68.highest mountain. Now，Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 69.from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20,70.________(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【解析】　67.第一步：确定是否作谓语。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，空处应用现在完成时，且walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系；主语Cao为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。 70．第一步：确定是否作非谓语。提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词flew，且不是作并列谓语动词，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式。分析句子结构可知，主语He和plan是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词­ing形式作伴随状语。 【自主解答】　67.has_walked　70.planning 【典例2】　Shanghai may be the 39.________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。 【自主解答】　recognized 【典例3】　As a photographer，I have spent the last two years 48.________ (record) everything I discovered. 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 【自主解答】　recording 【典例4】　Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ________(have) a low impact on the natural environment. 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。 【自主解答】　to_have (二)谓语动词的时态和语态 判断所填空处为谓语动词之后，根据以下三个步骤做题： 【典例1】　 As a little girl，I 45.________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【解析】　考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。 【自主解答】　wished 【典例2】　Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 50.________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【解析】　考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 【自主解答】　be_employed 【典例3】　But Cobb and others ________(be)now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely，and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数。 【自主解答】　are (三)非谓语动词 【典例1】　This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________ (live) in the countryside，including lower levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities. 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系，故答案为living。 【自主解答】　living 【典例2】　Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 【解析】　分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语动词 decided，故空处应填非谓语动词。提示词hold与其逻辑主语the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 【自主解答】　held 【典例3】　To strengthen the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，________ (invite) twenty­nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty­six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。 【自主解答】　inviting (四)考查派生词 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。 【典例1】　Since June 2017，right before the 36.________ (arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37.confident (confidence) speaking English. 【解析】　考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。 【自主解答】　arrival 【典例2】　Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot，36.________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【解析】　考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语。 【自主解答】　tasty 二、提示词为名词 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。 【典例1】　They also need to be ready to give 41.________(interview) in English with international journalists. 【解析】　考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。 【自主解答】　interviews 【典例2】　47.________ (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 【解析】　考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。 【自主解答】　Different 【典例3】　Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花)：The 69.________(beauty) long branches covered with pink­colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 【解析】　考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。 【自主解答】　beautiful 三、提示词为形容词或副词 一般考查形容词和副词之间的互变，或对比较级进行考查。 【典例1】　The term “hutong”，57.________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 【解析】　考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。 【自主解答】　originally 【典例2】　As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the ________ (large) tea­producing country，China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【解析】　考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。 【自主解答】　largest 【典例3】　The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the ________ (hot) the spring! 【解析】　考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the ＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。 【自主解答】　hotter 【典例4】　When the house was built，it was much ________ (small)than it is today. 【解析】　考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much＋比较级＋than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。 【自主解答】　smaller 四、提示词为代词 一般考查人称代词变为物主代词，主格变为宾格，有时也考查人称代词变为反身代词。 【典例1】　Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 41.to_be_lifted (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42.________ (they) contents. 【解析】　考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词。 【自主解答】　their 【典例2】　The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony，opening ________ (it)first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 【解析】　考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。 【自主解答】　its 【典例3】　She was extremely pretty，and her house was a reflection of ________ (she)，everything in good taste and in perfect order. 【解析】　考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也很好。 【自主解答】　herself 【典例4】　As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in ________ (I)． 【解析】　考查代词。根据提示词可知，句意为：这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中it指代the song，does指代动词sticks，空格处应指my memory，为了避免重复，用名词性物主代词来代替 “形容词性物主代词＋名词”。 【自主解答】　mine 【针对性训练】 A 体裁 主题语境 话题 说明文 人与社会 碧螺春茶的知识与制作 In China，there are 44 national­level intangible cultural heritage items related 1.________ tea，including the art of making Biluochun,2.________ type of green tea.With a history of about 1,000 years，Biluochun,3.________ translates as “green spiral spring (碧螺春)”，is made from tender tea shoots.It is known for its spiral­like 4.________ (appear)． To make this tea，the tea trees and fruit trees 5.________ (plant) together.The practice，passed down from ancestors，guarantees the 6.________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste. Traditionally，Biluochun is produced 7.________ (entire) by hand.About 1 kilogram of leaves 8.________ (pick) from a big tea tree produce only 0.1 kilogram of tea after processing. Biluochun must be processed soon after.Tender tea shoots are placed in a heated iron pan and stirred (搅拌) quickly.A person needs to be particularly attentive 9.________ (adjust) the level of heat to judge the condition of the tea by smell.Next 10.________ (come) the shaping process.By stirring，shaking and rubbing the tea leaves in the pan at 100℃，they begin to dry and develop a spiral form.The entire process usually takes about 40 minutes.Every minute matters，or the tea will not taste good. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碧螺春茶的相关知识和制作过程。 1．to　考查介词。句意：在中国，与茶有关的国家级非物质文化遗产项目有44项，其中包括碧螺春，一种绿茶的制作工艺。短语be related to表示“与……有关”。故填to。 2．a　考查冠词。句意：在中国，与茶有关的国家级非物质文化遗产项目有44项，其中包括碧螺春，一种绿茶的制作工艺。type为可数名词，此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。a type of “一种”。故填a。 3．which　考查定语从句。句意：碧螺春，译作“绿色螺旋春天”，由嫩芽制成，已有1 000年的历史。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Biluochun，从句缺少主语，指物，故填which。 4．appearance　考查名词。句意：它以螺旋状的外观而闻名。作介词的宾语，应用名词appearance。故填appearance。 5．are planted　考查时态语态。句意：为了制作这种茶，茶树和果树一起种植。主语the tea trees and fruit trees与谓语plant构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are planted。 6．tea’s　考查所有格。句意：这种从祖先传下来的做法保证了茶的果味和甜味。tea与后文taste构成所属关系，故用名词所有格形式。故填tea’s。 7．entirely　考查副词。句意：传统上，碧螺春完全是手工制作的。修饰后文介词短语应用副词entirely，故填entirely。 8．picked　考查非谓语动词。句意：从一棵大茶树上采摘的大约1公斤的叶子经过加工后只能产生0.1公斤的茶叶。分析句子结构可知pick与逻辑主语1 kilogram of leaves构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填picked。 9．to adjust　考查非谓语动词。句意：一个人需要特别注意调节温度，通过气味来判断茶的状况。短语be attentive to do sth.表示“注意做某事”。故填to adjust。 10．comes　考查部分倒装。句意：接下来是成型过程。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the shaping process，谓语用三单形式。故填comes。 B 体裁 主题语境 话题 说明文 人与社会 中国丝绸之路 With a history of more than 2,000 years，the Silk Route dates back to Han dynasty.Through this route，the Chinese highly 11.________ (qualify)silk made its fame to the western countries.The merchants in different regions 12.________ (seek)the opportunity of trading Chinese silk 13.________ they indeed made their fortune along this route.That route functioned 14.________ the life blood of international trade at that time.Meanwhile，the Chinese civilization 15.________ (introduce)to the Western countries and vice versa.The Silk Route was considered as a new chapter 16.________ (record)the friendship between the European and Asian peoples. Throughout all these years，many great figures have made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Route.Today，the Silk Route has a 17.________ (poet)name called One Belt One Road，aiming to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road.The main cities alongside it are becoming 18.________ (large)and more important in helping trade and culture exchange.Many countries have gained great 19.________ (benefit)along the trading process.All in all，the ancient Silk Road is more like 20.________ historical textbook for everyone to read and to know about what happened during that ancient time.It has been playing a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国丝绸之路的起源、发展及意义。 11．qualified　考查形容词。句意：通过这条路线，中国优质丝绸在西方国家享有盛名。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词silk，highly qualified意为“高质量的”，故填qualified。 12．seeked　考查时态。句意：不同地区的商人寻求贸易中国丝绸的机会，他们确实在这条路线上发了财。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填seeked。 13．where　考查定语从句。句意：不同地区的商人寻求贸易中国丝绸的机会，他们确实在这条路线上发了财。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是抽象地点名词opportunity，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 14．as　考查固定搭配。句意：那条路线是当时国际贸易的命脉。function as固定搭配，意为“起……的作用”，故填as。 15．was introduced　考查时态语态。句意：与此同时，中华文明被引进西方国家，反之亦然。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语the Chinese civilization和动词introduce是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是单数，故填was introduced。 16．recording　考查非谓语动词。句意：丝绸之路被认为是记录欧亚人民友谊的新篇章。句中有谓语，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词chapter，且和动词record是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填recording。 17．poetic　考查形容词。句意：今天，丝绸之路有一个富有诗意的名字——一带一路，旨在帮助那些在文化和经济交流方面相连的地区走上一条更加先进的道路。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词name，表示“诗意的”，为形容词poetic，故填poetic。 18．larger　考查形容词比较级。句意：在促进贸易和文化交流方面，毗邻的主要城市正在变得越来越大，越来越重要。由句意和more important可知，此处表示“更大的”，应用形容词比较级，作表语，故填larger。 19．benefits　考查名词的数。句意：许多国家在贸易过程中获益匪浅。此处应用名词benefit作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数表示泛指，故填benefits。 20．a　考查冠词。句意：总而言之，古代丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书，人人都可以阅读并了解那个古代发生了什么。此处表示“一本历史教科书”，应用不定关系来修饰，且historical发音是以辅音音素开头，故填a。 第二讲　无提示词类 一、填冠词 空格后有可数名词，或者有序数词、最高级等形式，一般是填冠词。 【典例1】　The meat should be fresh with 43.________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot，clear and delicious. 【解析】　考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”，常用作单数。 【自主解答】　a 【典例2】　In contrast to the court life and upper­class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect 65.________ culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【解析】　考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念。 【自主解答】　the 【典例3】　To celebrate ________ festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 【解析】　考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日。 【自主解答】　the 【典例4】　While you’re in China，Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit! 【解析】　考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词。 【自主解答】　a 【典例5】　It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi’an City Wall. 【解析】　考查冠词。all the way 为固定搭配，意为“自始至终，一路上”。 【自主解答】　the 二、填介词 介词位于名词、名词词组、代词或动名词前；动词后面的固定搭配，需要强化记忆。 技巧：介词＋n./代词/doing或固定搭配 【典例1】　There you will find them prepared differently－more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed 40.________ hand rather than rolled. 【解析】　考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配。 【自主解答】　by 【典例2】　She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 48.________ saving their environment. 【解析】　考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。 【自主解答】　for 【典例3】　Due to the growing popularity of environmentally­related and adventure travel，various types ________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 【解析】　本题考查固定短语various types of，表示各种各样的。 【自主解答】　of 【典例4】　The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ________ 2.1 in women and men. 【解析】　考查介词。句意：研究发现1985－2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by＋数值表示增长了多少。 【自主解答】　by 三、填连词 1．填并列连词：高频考点为and，but，or或so，构成并列、转折、选择、因果关系。特别注意although/though 不与but 连用。because不能与so连用。 技巧：单词/短语＋并列连词＋单词/短语 2．填从句引导词：当空格后为句子，而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时，一般是填从句引导词。定语从句要注意分析句子整体结构和从句缺少的成分；名词性从句要结合句意和缺少的成分；状语从句注意主从句的逻辑关系。 技巧：一个句子＋从属关联词＋一个句子；从属关联词＋一个句子，一个句子(主句) 【典例1】　They also need to be ready to give 41.interviews (interview) in English with international journalists.This is 42.________ they need an English trainer. 【解析】　考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。 【自主解答】　why 【典例2】　But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place 43.________ welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life，with 21st­century architectural 44.wonders (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【解析】　考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。 【自主解答】　which/that 【典例3】　It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44.________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【解析】　考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系。 【自主解答】　and 【典例4】　It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work，45.________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 【解析】　 考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination”之间存在转折关系。 【自主解答】　but 四、填代词(无提示词时) 当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应该是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也可能填不定代词等。 【典例1】　If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 70.________ a try. 【解析】　此处号召我们尝试一下跑步，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。 【自主解答】　it/running 【典例2】　Many westerners 57.that/who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58.________ can be to eat out. 【解析】　分析句子结构可知，不定式to eat out是真正的主语，it 是形式主语。 【自主解答】　it 【针对性训练】 A 体裁 主题语境 话题 新闻报道 人与社会 中国的分级医疗 More than 1.43 million Chinese family physicians are tirelessly working 1.________(provide) quality primary healthcare services and contributing to building a “Healthy China”． These family doctors,2.________ working individually or in teams，offer a wide range of services to residents in need，including home treatment，long­term prescriptions and efficient referrals (转交)．Their dedication and 3.________ (commit) to improving healthcare in China are critical to the well­being of the people. Such services play 4.________ crucial role in developing a hierarchical (分等级的) medical system 5.________ enables patients to receive their initial diagnoses at the basic level,6.________ (meet) the growing demand for primary healthcare due to aging and fostering a positive doctor­patient relationship throughout the country. Wu Yihuan，a CPPCC member with extensive healthcare experience,7.________ (submit) a proposal on how to improve family physician services in 2018.Her proposal emphasized the importance of clarifying the scope of such services and 8.________(continuous) enhancing the system to ensure high­quality healthcare services for all. Chinese family physicians have undertaken numerous tasks in the fight 9.________ COVID­19 over the past few years，in an effort to meet the health demands of the public.The contributions 10.________ (make) by them were appreciated by the whole Chinese. The coverage rate of family physician services for the whole population and key populations will grow by one to three percentage points each year，and will reach more than 75 percent by 2035. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国家庭医生对中国医疗保健体系的发展做出了巨大的贡献，而分级医疗制度让病人能够接受基层诊断，也满足了基层的需求。 1．to provide　考查非谓语动词。句意：143多万中国家庭医生正在为提供优质的初级卫生保健服务而不懈努力，为建设“健康中国”贡献力量。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词are，所以provide应该用非谓语形式，根据句意可知，此处表目的，应该用不定式形式。故填to provide。 2．whether　考查连词。句意：这些家庭医生，无论是单独工作还是团队工作，都为有需要居民提供广泛的服务，包括家庭治疗、长期处方和高效转诊。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”。故填whether。 3．commitment　考查名词。句意：他们致力于改善中国的医疗卫生状况，这对人民的福祉至关重要。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的dedication并列，所以空处应填名词，commit的名词形式是commitment。故填commitment。 4．a　考查冠词。句意：这些服务在发展分级医疗体系方面发挥着至关重要的作用，使患者能够在基本层面得到初步诊断，满足由于老龄化而日益增长的初级医疗保健需求，并在全国范围内培养积极的医患关系。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：play a crucial role in意为“在……方面起关键作用”。故填a。 5．that/which　考查定语从句关系词。句意：这些服务在发展分级医疗体系方面发挥着至关重要的作用，使患者能够在基本层面得到初步诊断，满足由于老龄化而日益增长的初级医疗保健需求，并在全国范围内培养积极的医患关系。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a hierarchical medical system，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故填that或者which。 6．meeting　考查非谓语动词。句意：这些服务在发展分级医疗体系方面发挥着至关重要的作用，使患者能够在基本层面得到初步诊断，满足由于老龄化而日益增长的初级医疗保健需求，并在全国范围内培养积极的医患关系。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词play，所以meet应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是services，两者是主动关系，描述的是客观属性，所以应该用现在分词作结果状语。故填meeting。 7．submitted　考查动词的时态。句意：具有丰富医疗保健经验的政协委员Wu Yihuan在2018年提交了一份关于如何改善家庭医生服务的提案。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以submit作本句谓语，根据时间状语in 2018可知，此处应该用一般过去时。故填submitted。 8．continuously　考查副词。句意：她的建议强调了明确这类服务范围和不断加强这一制度以确保为所有人提供高质量保健服务的重要性。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词，应该副词，continuous的副词形式是continuously。故填continuously。 9．against/with　考查介词。句意：近年来，中国家庭医生在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中承担了大量任务，努力满足公众的健康需求。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：fight against/with意为“与……作斗争”。故填against或者with。 10．made　考查非谓语动词。句意：他们所做的贡献受到了全中国人民的赞赏。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were，所以make用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是contributions，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填made。 B 体裁 主题语境 话题 说明文 人与社会 智能机器人ChatGPT From writing poetry to making music，ChatGPT 11.________(amaze) the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US­based company Open AI.It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota，US，according to CNN. The AI program can answer questions on a large number of topics，and write essays，stories and any other written texts you can think of.It does this by drawing on information 12.________(collect) from a large corpus (语料库)of text data. What makes ChatGPT so impressive？As Sam Altman，the CEO of OpenAI said in an interview，“It’s not actually 13.________(fundamental) new technology that made ChatGPT have a moment.” According to MIT Technology Review，ChatGPT is based on a large language model.Because texts are more complex 14.________ the meaning of every word combined，language models require a type of neural (神经的)network that can make sense of texts.One breakthrough behind today’s models 15.________(be) a network called Transformer，invented by Google researchers.The neural network can infer 16.________ the word means by tracking where it appears in a sentence.Transformer can therefore collect the meaning of texts more accurately. The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised learning,17.________(mean) that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.ChatGPT can now generate human­like responses instantly due 18.________ the large scale of texts it learned from. “One of the biggest 19.________(problem) with ChatGPT is that it comes back，very confidently，with false contents，” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London，UK，told The Guardian.This means ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world－it learns information from 20.________(variety) resources but it cannot decide what is true or false. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国Open AI公司推出ChatGPT，令人震惊。这种智能机器人已经通过了四门法律课程。 11．has amazed　考查时态语态。句意：从写诗到做音乐，自2022年底美国Open AI公司推出ChatGPT以来，它已经震惊了世界。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，由时间“since its launch in late 2022”可知，主句用现在完成时，主语GhatGPT是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填has amazed。 12．collected　考查非谓语动词。句意：它通过利用从大量文本数据中收集的信息来做到这一点。分析句子可知，collect作定语，修饰information，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填collected。 13．fundamentally　考查副词。句意：正如OpenAI的首席执行官Sam Altman在一次采访中所说的那样，“实际上，ChatGPT的兴起基本上并不是一项新技术”。修饰动词is用副词作状语，故填fundamentally。 14．than　考查比较级。句意：由于文本比每个单词的意义组合起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络。由more complex可知，前后文表示比较，故填than。 15．is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天的模型背后的一个突破是一个名为Transformer的网络，由谷歌的研究人员发明。文章主时态是一般现在时，主语One breakthrough 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is。 16．what　考查宾语从句。句意：神经网络可以通过追踪单词在句子中的出现位置来推断单词的意思。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少means的宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导从句，故填what。 17．meaning　考查非谓语动词。句意：OpenAI构建的GPT模型将Transformer与无监督学习结合在一起，意味着模型可以自己学习，而不需要被告知要看什么。分析句子可知，mean用非谓语动词形式作状语，mean与逻辑主语The GPT models是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。 18．to　考查固定短语。句意：由于从大量文本中学习，ChatGPT现在可以立即生成类似人类的响应。due to“由于”是固定短语，故填to。 19．problems　考查名词。句意：英国伦敦艾伦·图灵研究所的迈克尔·伍尔德里奇在接受《卫报》采访时表示：“ChatGPT最大的问题之一是，它会非常自信地返回虚假内容。”one of the＋最高级＋名词复数，是固定短语，故填problems。 20．various/varied　考查形容词。句意：这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相——它从各种资源中学习信息，但不能判断真假。修饰名词用形容词作定语，故填various/varied。 基础通关（测试时间：15分钟） Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent weeks, the US internet users have been flocking (蜂拥) in surprising numbers to sign up to a popular Chinese social media app called the Little Rednote, also known as Xiaohongshu, 1 (lead) to an increasing relationship between Chinese and American citizens as they exchange jokes, memes (模因) 2 even help each other with their homework. It seems that US internet users fall in love with China’s memes and can’t get enough of them. Perhaps you’ve heard of “u swan (天鹅), he frog”? In August 2024, the influencer YourKris published a post on the Little Rednote in 3 she discussed relationship troubles with her boyfriend. She 4 (meet) by a flood of supportive comments from Chinese users featuring turns of phrase such as “you swan, he frog”. The 5 (literal) translated idiom was subsequently used by Americans online 6 (describe) everything from celebrity relationships 7 political candidates. The 8 (popular) of Chinese memes reveals how American users are expressing a great interest in China nowadays and it is providing an opportunity for interactions between two countries. According to some American 9 (create) who share Chinese content online, the reason why it performs well is the same reason any content 10 (do) well: it’s funny, well-made, and feels authentic. 【答案】 1．leading 2．and 3．which 4．was met 5．literally 6．to describe 7．to 8．popularity 9．creators 10．does 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述美国网民大量注册小红书这一现象，以“你天鹅，他癞蛤蟆”这一模因的传播为例，说明中国模因在美国的流行，并分析了其流行原因，整体围绕中美网民通过社交媒体互动展开说明。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近几周，美国互联网用户以惊人的数量涌入一款名为“小红笔记”的中国流行社交媒体应用程序，这使得中美两国公民之间的关系越来越密切，他们相互交流笑话、模因，甚至互相帮助做作业。have been flocking是谓语动词，所以空处填非谓语；此处表示前文行为产生的自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填leading。 2．考查连词。句意：同上。根据句意可知，句子描述了中美两国公民在小红书平台上进行的一系列互动行为，“exchange jokes, memes (交换笑话、模因)”和“help each other with their homework (互相帮助做作业)”是并列的动作，应用并列连词and。故填and。 3．考查定语从句。句意：2024年8月，网红YourKris在小红书上发布了一篇帖子，在帖子中她谈到了和男友的感情问题。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是a post，指物，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查动词语态。句意：她收到了大量中国用户的支持性评论，评论中充斥着“你天鹅，他癞蛤蟆”之类的表达。此处与主语She是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，且句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词使用was。故填was met。 5．考查副词。句意：这个直译的成语随后被美国网民用于描述从名人关系到政治候选人的各种事物。此处修饰过去分词translated，应用副词literally“按照字面意义地，逐字地”，作状语。故填literally。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to describe。 7．考查介词。句意：同上。固定搭配from...to...“从……到……”，to是介词。故填to。 8．考查名词。句意：中国模因的流行揭示了如今美国用户对中国表现出的浓厚兴趣，也为两国之间的互动提供了机会。此处作主语，应用名词popularity“流行”，表抽象概念，不可数。故填popularity。 9．考查名词复数。句意：根据一些在网上分享中文内容的美国创作者的说法，它表现出色的原因和其他任何内容表现出色的原因一样：有趣、制作精良、感觉真实。此处表示“创作者，创造者”，应用名词creator，可数名词，空前有some，应用复数形式。故填 creators。 10．考查动词时态。句意：同上。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，any content作主语，动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填does。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At 7:38 on June 4, 2024, the Chang’e-6 ascender (上升器) carrying lunar samples took off from the back of the moon and 11 (success) entered the predetermined circular orbit around the moon. Chang’e-6 has completed the 12 (world) first sampling (采样) and take-off on the lunar far side. From June 2 to 3, Chang’e-6 successfully 13 (complete) the intelligent and rapid sampling in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon, 14 stored the precious lunar far side samples in the storage device 15 (carry) by the ascender, completing the “packing” of this cosmic express delivery. Compared with the lunar surface take-off of Chang’e-5, the 16 (engineer) realization of the lunar far side take-off of the Chang'e-6 ascender is 17 (difficult). With the assistance of the Queqiao-2 relay satellite, 18 Chang’e-6 ascender realizes autonomous positioning and attitude determination with the help of special sensors carried by itself. After ignition and take-off, the ascender went through three stages of vertical ascent, attitude 19 (adjust), and orbit injection, and successfully entered the predetermined circular orbit around the moon. In the follow-up, lunar samples will be transferred 20 the returner and brought back to Earth by the returner. 【答案】 11．successfully 12．world’s 13．completed 14．and 15．carried 16．engineering 17．more difficult 18．the 19．adjustment 20．to 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了嫦娥六号完成世界首次月球背面采样和起飞。 11．考查副词。句意：2024年6月4日7时38分，携带月球样本的嫦娥六号上升器从月球背面起飞，成功进入预定的绕月圆形轨道。此处用作状语修饰动词，需用副词。故填successfully。 12．考查名词所有格。句意：嫦娥六号完成了世界上首次在月球背面的采样和起飞。此处用作定语修饰动名词sampling，表示“世界上的”，需用名词所有格形式，在后加“’s”。故填world’s。 13．考查动词时态。句意：6月2日至3日，嫦娥六号在月球背面的南极艾特肯盆地成功完成了智能快速采样。此处用作句子谓语，根据时间状语From June 2 to 3可知，需用一般过去时。故填completed。 14．考查连词。句意：并将珍贵的月球背面样本存储在上升器携带的存储装置中，完成了这一宇宙快递的“包装”。此处缺少连词连接并列谓语completed和stored，表示连续的动作，需用连词and。故填and。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。此处动词carry用作后置定语修饰名词device，二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词。故填carried。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：与嫦娥五号月球表面起飞相比，嫦娥六号上升器月球远侧起飞的工程实现难度更大。动词engineer用作定语修饰名词realization，需用现在分词形式，表示“工程实现”。故填engineering。 17．考查形容词比较级。句意同上题。根据前文“Compared with the lunar surface take-off of Chang’e-5”可知，此处是嫦娥5号和嫦娥6号的比较，应使用比较级。故填more difficult。 18．考查冠词。句意：在鹊桥二号中继卫星的帮助下，嫦娥六号上升器借助其携带的特殊传感器实现了自主定位和姿态确定。此处缺少冠词，表示特指，需用定冠词the。故填the。 19．考查名词。句意：点火起飞后，上升器经历了垂直上升、姿态调整和轨道注入三个阶段，成功进入预定的绕月圆形轨道。此处需要名词充当介词of的宾语，表示“行为、思想的调整，适应”，需用不可数名词。故填adjustment。 20．考查介词。句意：在后续行动中，月球样本将被转移到返回器中，并由返回器带回地球。此处构成固定短语transfer…to表示“转移……到”，需用介词to。故填to。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The moment Alok Shukla first saw the forest in central India stretching out before him, he knew two things immediately. One: that this forest—known as the lungs of Chhattisgarh, home to thousands of local people, 21 (endanger) animals and rare plants—was one of the most beautiful places he had ever seen. And two: that he 22 (devote) his life to protecting it from being destroyed by big companies. The only question was, how? Twelve years later, Alok 23 smile at the memory. After all, what he has achieved in the past years has been impressive. On Monday, the 43-year-old 24 (award) the Goldman Environmental Prize, which was widely known as the green Nobel. Back in 2012, the Hasdeo Aranya forest in Chhattisgarh was under threat, because of its rich coal deposits (矿床). In India, the world’s second 25 (large) consumer of coal after China, those deposits are highly valuable. But the value of the forest to the local people was incalculable to Alok. He wasn’t the only one 26 (recognize) the value of the land: local government had declared that the forest should be protected a few years earlier. 27 this, so-called coal areas in the forest were put up for public sale. Alok realized they were sure to lose the battle 28 everyone came together. Out of this, the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会) was set up, 29 (teach) people about the local laws and rights available. 30 also joined the different groups together effectively for the first time. Alok hopes winning the Goldman prize will inspire other movements globally—and once again focus attention on the forest. “Any tree being cut in Hasdeo Aranya is wrong, and our effort will be to save every tree.” he vows. 【答案】 21．endangered 22． would devote 23．can 24．was awarded 25．largest 26． to recognise 27．Despite 28． unless 29．teaching 30．It 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了印度大叔阿洛克·舒克拉因为在哈斯度·阿那亚森林“拯救每一棵树”活动荣获“绿色诺贝尔奖”。 21．考查形容词。句意：第一，这片被称为恰蒂斯加尔之肺的森林，居住着成千上万的部落居民，濒临灭绝的动物和稀有植物，这里是他见过的最美丽的地方之一。名词前用形容词修饰，作定语。故填endangered。 22．考查动词时态。句意：第二，他将毕生致力于保护它不被大公司破坏。主语后缺少谓语，根据was可知，此处表示过去的将来，用过去将来时。故填would devote。 23．考查情态动词。句意：12 年后，阿洛克可以微笑回忆这段经历了。谓语动词前用情态动词，描述现在的事情用一般现在时。故填can。 24．考查动词时态语态。句意：周一，这位 43 岁的男人被授予了戈德曼环境奖 ，也被称为“绿色诺贝尔奖”。主语后缺少谓语，是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语用单数。故填was awarded。 25．考查形容词最高级。句意：印度是仅次于中国的世界第二大煤炭消费国，这些煤炭储量非常宝贵。序数词+形容词最高级表示“第几大”，用形容词最高奖。故填largest。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：他不是唯一一个认识到这块土地价值的人: 地方当局几年前就宣布这块土地受到保护。was是谓语动词，此处是非谓语动词，the only one后用动词不定式作定语。故填to recognize。 27．考查介词。句意：尽管如此，森林中所谓的煤炭区域还是被拿出来拍卖了。前后句是让步关系，表示尽管，代词前用介词despite，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。 28．考查状语从句。句意：阿洛克意识到，除非大家团结起来，要不然他们注定会输掉这场战斗。unless引导状语从句，是让步关系。故填unless。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：由此，拯救哈斯度·阿那亚森林抵抗委员会被建立，向人们传授当地的法律和权利。谓语是was set up，teach是非谓语动词，表示主动关系，用现在分词，作状语。故填teaching。 30．考查代词。句意：该组织还首次将不同的群体有效地联系在一起。指代 the Save Hasdeo Aranya Committee (委员会)，作主语，用代词it，位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Guiyang, capital city of Southwest China’s Guizhou province, has a rich history and culture. It has undergone continuous betterment and now 31 (attract) a steady stream of visitors. Breathtaking 32 (landscape), tea culture, and energetic ethnic (民族的) minorities are the three main features that define Guiyang and wider Guizhou, and visitors can enjoy them all in Qingzhen city, west of Guiyang. AJ Donnelly, a British vlogger, visited Qingzhen to explore its characteristic customs and 33 (invite) scenery. In this video trip, AJ showed us around the Hongfeng Lake, which 34 (surround) by beautiful red leaves in autumn, and China’s newest social media hit, the Yangpi Cave Waterfall, which is famous 35 its breathtaking Karst landforms. In the Ludishao Tea Expo Garden, AJ buried 36 (he) in tea aroma (芳香) and tried hand-picking his own tea. AJ also visited the Maige Miao and Bouyei ethnic township, 37 mainly live the “Four Seals Miao”, 38 branch of the Miao people. Their characteristic clothing made a surprise 39 (appear) in Milan Fashion Week and served the world a visual feast. Charming Qingzhen is just a glimpse (一瞥) of “Cool Guiyang”, and there are more splendid views the city has 40 (choose) from. Come and see for yourselves, will you? 【答案】 31．attracts 32．landscapes 33．inviting 34．is surrounded 35．for 36．himself 37．where 38．a 39．appearance 40．to choose 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述英国博主AJ探访贵阳清镇，展现当地风光与文化。 31．考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：它不断发展进步，如今吸引着源源不断的游客。根据空前now可知，此处需用一般现在时；主语it为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式attracts。故填attracts。 32．考查名词复数。句意：令人惊叹的风景、茶文化以及充满活力的少数民族是贵阳及整个贵州的三大主要特色，游客在贵阳西部的清镇市就能尽享这些特色。landscape为可数名词，此处指多类风景，需用复数形式landscapes。故填landscapes。 33．考查形容词。句意：英国视频博主AJ Donnelly探访清镇，探索当地独特的风俗和迷人的风光。根据空后scenery可知，空处需用形容词修饰名词scenery，作定语；invite的形容词形式inviting，意为“迷人的”。故填inviting。 34．考查动词时态与语态。句意：在这次视频之旅中，AJ带我们参观了红枫湖——秋天时，红枫湖被美丽的红叶环绕，还有中国社交媒体上的新晋热门景点羊皮洞瀑布，它以令人惊叹的喀斯特地貌而闻名。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时，Hongfeng Lake与surround是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语which指代先行词Hongfeng Lake，为单数形式，be动词应用is。故填is surrounded。 35．考查介词。句意：在这次视频之旅中，AJ带我们参观了红枫湖——秋天时，红枫湖被美丽的红叶环绕，还有中国社交媒体上的新晋热门景点羊皮洞瀑布，它以令人惊叹的喀斯特地貌而闻名。根据空前is famous可知，be famous for是固定搭配，意为 “以……而闻名”，符合语境。故填for。 36．考查反身代词。句意：在Ludishao Tea Expo Garden，AJ沉浸在茶香中，并尝试亲手采茶。根据空前buried和空后in可知，bury oneself in是固定搭配，意为“沉浸于……”，空处需用反身代词himself，指代主语AJ。故填himself。 37．考查定语从句。句意：AJ还参观了麦格苗族布依族乡，苗族的一个分支“四印苗”主要居住在这里。根据空前visited和空后live可知，此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词the Maige Miao and Bouyei ethnic township是地点，从句中缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where。故填where。 38．考查不定冠词。句意：AJ还参观了麦格苗族布依族乡，苗族的一个分支“四印苗”主要居住在这里。根据空后branch可知，branch为可数名词单数，此处表示“一个分支”，且branch以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 39．考查名词。句意：他们独具特色的服饰意外亮相米兰时装周，为世界呈现了一场视觉盛宴。根据空前a surprise可知，空处需用名词形式，作宾语；appear的名词形式appearance，意为“出现；亮相”。故填appearance。 40．考查动词不定式。句意：迷人的清镇只是“爽爽贵阳”的一瞥，这座城市还有更多精彩的景点可供选择。根据空前has可知have sth. to do是固定结构，意为“有某事要做”，空处需用动词不定式to choose作后置定语修饰views。故填to choose。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1818 Mary Shelley published Frankenstein, the story of a scientist who tries to create a superior, being and instead creates a monster. In the last two centuries, this story 41 (tell) over and over again in countless variations. At first sight, the Frankenstein story appears to warn us that if we try to play God and engineer life we will be punished severely. Yet the story has a 42 (deep) meaning. The Frankenstein myth confronts. Homo sapiens (智人) with the fact that the last days are fast approaching. 43 some nuclear or ecological disaster strikes, the pace of technological development will soon lead to the replacement of Homo sapiens by completely different beings who possess not only different physiques, but also very different cognitive and emotional worlds. This is something most Sapiens find extremely worrying. We like to believe that in the future people just 44 us will travel from planet to planet in fast spaceships. We don’t like to think about the 45 (possible) that in the future, beings with emotions and identities like ours will no longer exist, and our place will be taken by alien life forms 46 abilities beat our own. We seek comfort in the fantasy that Dr. Frankenstein can create only terrible monsters, whom we would have to destroy in order to save the world. We like to tell the story that way because it implies that we are 47 best of all beings, that there never was and never will be anything better than us. Any attempt 48 (improve) us will inevitably fail, because even if our bodies might be improved, you cannot touch the human spirit. We would have a hard time 49 (accept) the fact that scientists could engineer spirits as well as bodies, and that future Dr. Frankenstein could therefore create something 50 (true) superior to us, something that will look at us as condescendingly (居高临下地) as we look at the Neanderthals (穴居人). 【答案】 41．has been told 42．deeper 43．As 44．like 45．possibility 46．whose 47．the 48．to improve 49．accepting 50．truly 【导语】本文是说明文。1818年，Mary Shelley出版了小说《弗兰肯斯坦》 ，讲述了一个科学家试图创造一个优秀的人体，结果却创造了一个怪物的故事。乍看，这个故事似乎在警告我们，如果我们试图扮演上帝和工程师话，我们将受到严厉的惩罚。但是这个小说有个更深刻的意义。作者认为，我们人类一直认为自己是最优秀的，所以很难接受这样一个事实：科学家可以改造人的精神和身体，因此未来人们可以创造出真正优于我们的东西。 41．考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的两个世纪里，这个故事以无数种不同的形式被一遍又一遍地讲述着。由 In the last two centuries和句意可知，句子表示过去两个世纪前发生，并一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时，且主语this story和动词tell是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词应用has，故填has been told。 42．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，这个故事还有更深层的意义。由上句“At first sight, the Frankenstein story appears to warn us that if we try to play God and engineer life we will be punished severely. (乍看之下，弗兰肯斯坦的故事似乎在警告我们，如果我们试图扮演上帝和工程师的生活，我们将受到严厉的惩罚。)”可知，实际上这个故事有更深的含义，应用deep的比较级作定语，修饰名词meaning，故填deeper。 43．考查连词。句意：随着一些核灾难或生态灾难来袭，技术发展的步伐将很快导致智人被完全不同的生物所取代，这些生物不仅拥有不同的体格，而且拥有非常不同的认知和情感世界。此处引导状语从句，表示“随着”，应用连词as，位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。 44．考查介词。句意：我们愿意相信，在未来，像我们一样的人将乘坐快速的宇宙飞船从一个星球飞到另一个星球。此处表示“像”，应用介词like，故填like。 45．考查名词。句意：我们不愿意去想象这样可能发生的事：在未来，拥有像我们这样的情感和身份的生物将不复存在，我们的位置将被拥有超越我们的能力的外星生物所取代。此处应用名词possibility作宾语，表示“可能的事”，由the可知，此处特指这件可能的事情，应用单数，故填possibility。 46．考查定语从句。句意：我们不愿意去想象这样可能发生的事：在未来，拥有像我们这样的情感和身份的生物将不复存在，我们的位置将被拥有超越我们的能力的外星生物所取代。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词alien life forms，且关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰abilities，应用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 47．考查定冠词。句意：我们喜欢这样讲故事，因为这意味着我们是所有生物中最好的，从来没有，也永远不会有比我们更好的东西。由best和句意可知，best表示“最好的”，为最高级，应用定冠词the，故填the。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：任何改善我们的尝试都将不可避免地失败，因为即使我们的身体可能得到改善，你也无法触及人类的精神。will fail为谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰attempt，名词attempt后面需要用不定式作后置定语，故填to improve。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很难接受这样一个事实：科学家可以改造人的精神和身体，因此未来的维克多·佛兰肯斯坦可以创造出真正优于我们的东西，这些东西会像我们看待尼安德特人那样看待我们。have a hard time (in) doing固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，故填accepting。 50．考查副词。句意：我们很难接受这样一个事实：科学家可以改造人的精神和身体，因此未来的维克多·佛兰肯斯坦可以创造出真正优于我们的东西，这些东西会像我们看待尼安德特人那样看待我们。此处应用副词truly修饰形容词superior，作状语，故填truly。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A mysterious dog Recently, a museum uncovered a little dog hidden in early Picasso painting. 51 (reveal) during a technical analysis of the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Moulin de la Galette” ahead of an exhibition of his early works, the image of a charming dog has attracted a lot of attention. Opened at the Guggenheim on Friday, the new show “Young Picasso in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picasso upon his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Moulin de la Galette” 52 (describe) a lively scene at a famous Parisian dance hall also painted by other artists. A sea of couples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwork, with three figures 53 (seat) at a table in the foreground. Museum experts were able to generate an image of what the dog originally looked like using X-ray scanning, 54 imaging technique that figures out the chemical elements in a painting, according to the Guggenheim’s senior paintings expert, Julie Barten. “It was interesting to me that he quickly painted over this dog, 55 would have been a rather amazing aspect of this painting,” Barten said in a phone call. The museum noted that the dog 56 (wear) a red bow bears a close similarity to a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Though Barten cannot say for certain 57 Picasso opted to remove the dog from the scene, she suggested that the painter might have considered its lively face and attractive bow too distracting. Covering up the dog allows viewers 58 (look) more carefully at all of these other wonderful figures in the composition and experience the space in different ways. Picasso made other changes to the work, including 59 (switch) the gender presentations of a dancing couple and painting out an empty chair, according to the study. Modifying paintings later became part of Picasso’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that now “Le Moulin de la Galette” 60 (consider) one of the earliest examples of this. 【答案】 51．Revealed 52．describes 53．seated 54．an 55．which 56．wearing 57．why 58．to look 59．switching 60．is considered 【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一家博物馆在毕加索早期画作中发现了一只小狗。 51．考查非谓语动词 。句意：在这位西班牙艺术家的早期作品展览之前，对他的画作《Le Moulin de la Galette》进行了技术分析，一只迷人的狗的形象被发现，吸引了很多人的关注。分析句子可知，句子的主语是has attracted，reveal用非谓语动词形式作状语，reveal与逻辑主语the image of a charming dog是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Revealed。 52．考查动词时态。句意：“Le Moulin de la Galette”描绘了在一个由其他艺术家绘制著名的巴黎舞厅里生动的场景。分析句子可知，describe是谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填describes。 53．考查非谓语动词。句意：（人们）看到一群戴着精美帽子跳舞的情侣，用快速的笔法绘制，前景中有三个人坐在一张桌子旁。分析句子可知，此处是with+宾语+宾语补足语复合结构，宾语three figures与seat是被动关系，用过去分词seated，或者看作形容词seated表示“坐”的状态，故填seated。 54．考查冠词。句意：古根海姆博物馆的高级绘画专家朱莉·巴滕(Julie Barten)说，博物馆的专家们利用X射线扫描技术生成了这只狗最初的样子，X射线扫描是一种成像技术，可以找出画作中的化学元素。分析句子可知，此处泛指“一种成像技术”，用不定冠词修饰technique，imaging以元音音素开头，故填an。 55．考查定语从句。句意：巴滕在电话中说:“我觉得很有趣，他很快就把这只狗涂掉了，这本来会是这幅画中一个相当引人注目的方面。”分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this dog，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which，故填which。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆指出，这只戴着一个红色的蝴蝶结的狗与骑士查尔斯国王猎犬非常相似。分析句子可知，“(wear) a red bow”作定语修饰dog，dog与wear是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填wearing。 57．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管巴滕不能肯定地说为什么毕加索选择从场景中移除这只狗，但她认为画家可能认为它活泼的脸和吸引人的蝴蝶结太分散注意力了。分析句子可知，say后接宾语从句，空处填连接词，根据句意，此处解释原因，故填why。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：把狗遮盖起来，可以让观众更仔细地观察构图中的其他精彩人物，并以不同的方式体验空间。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to look。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据研究，毕加索还对作品进行了其他修改，包括改变了一对跳舞情侣的性别表现，并画掉了一把空椅子。including是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填switching。 60．考查动词时态语态。句意：巴登说，修改画作后来成为毕加索的常规做法之一，并补充说，《Le Moulin de la Galette》现在被认为是最早的例子之一。分析句子可知，consider作谓语，与主语Le Moulin de la Galette是被动关系，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，由now可知，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填is considered。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 13th China Folk Art Festival, which has the largest scale and is the 61 (high) level of its kind in China, began in Qingdao West Coast New Area on April 20. The festival gathers famous experts 62 have been concentrating on folk art. Twenty first-class art performers 63 eighteen provinces and autonomous regions put on performances. The 16th Shanhua Award of Chinese Folk Literature and Art is also taking place at the festival. 64 lecture will be held focusing on issues like the development of folk art, the 65 (protect) of the marine (海洋的) cultural heritage, as well as the training of followers. The exhibition has been open from April 20 to 30 and is displaying paintings that cover diverse folk cultures and 66 (history) backgrounds. It aims to promote handmade artworks in Shandong and tell the world the 67 (story) of the Chinese people. During the festival, folk artists will also visit Qingdao Qianwan Port to voluntarily perform for local residents, 68 (enrich) their spiritual and cultural lives. To date, 69 (know) as “a village of modern Chinese folk paintings”, Qingdao WCNA has been trying to build a strong culture. A total of 86 intangible cultural heritage items 70 (promote) and more than 120 works have won art prizes. 【答案】 61．highest 62． who 63．from 64．A 65．protection 66．historical 67．stories 68．enriching 69．known 70．have been promoted 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了4月20日，国内规模最大、水平最高的第13届中国民间艺术节在青岛西海岸新区开幕。第16届中国民间文学艺术善华奖也在节日期间举行。 61．考查形容词最高级。句意：4月20日，国内规模最大、水平最高的第13届中国民间艺术节在青岛西海岸新区开幕。定冠词the后用形容词最高级，故填highest。 62．考查定语从句。句意：这个节日聚集了一直专注于民间艺术的著名专家。experts是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，指人，故填who。 63．考查介词。句意：来自全国18个省、自治区的20位一流文艺演员参加了文艺演出。表示来自18个省份用介词from，故填from。 64．考查冠词。句意：将举行一场讲座，重点讨论民间艺术的发展、海洋文化遗产的保护以及追随者的培训等问题。单数可数名词前，表示泛指用不定冠词，lecture的发音是辅音音素开头，所以应该用不定冠词a，位于句首，首字母大写，故填A。 65．考查名词。句意：将举行一场讲座，重点讨论民间艺术的发展、海洋文化遗产的保护以及追随者的培训等问题。冠词后用名词作介词like的宾语，故填protection。 66．考查形容词。句意：该展览将于4月20日至30日举行，展出涵盖多种民俗文化和历史背景的画作。形容词修饰名词backgrounds作定语，故填historical。 67．考查名词复数。句意：它旨在推广山东的手工艺术品，向世界讲述中国人民的故事。表示中国人民的故事，用名词复数，故填stories。 68．考查连词。句意：节日期间，民间艺人还将前往青岛前湾港，为当地居民自愿表演，丰富他们的精神文化生活。该句子的谓语是will visit，所给动词enrich应该用非谓语形式作状语，enrich与句子的主语folk artists之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词作状语。故填enriching。 69．考查非谓语动词。句意：至今，被誉为“中国现代民俗画之乡”的青岛WCNA一直在努力打造强大的文化。谓语动词是had been trying，空格处应该用非谓语动词形式作状语，know和主语Qingdao WCNA之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语。故填known。 70．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：推广非物质文化遗产项目86项，获奖作品120余件。主语86 intangible cultural heritage items和谓语动词promote是被动关系，应该用被动语态；根据上文的to date和下文的have won可知，空格处的谓语动词也应该用现在完成时；主语是复数形式，所以助动词应该用have。故填have been promoted。 Passage 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Big Tech nervous as Europe prepares to regulate AI European lawmakers are putting the finishing touches on a set of wide-ranging rules designed to govern the use of artificial intelligence. If passed, those rules would make the E.U. the first major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域) outside of China 71 (pass) targeted AI regulation. And tech companies are lobbying(游说) hard amid the battle over the scope of the rules. The E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act is likely to ban AI that ranks citizens 72 base) on their behavior and facial recognition in public. The rules could set a global standard, as companies may find it easier to obey E.U. rules in all countries, 73 to build different products for different jurisdictions. One of the act’s most controversial points is whether so-called general-purpose AIs—like ChatGPT— 74 be considered high risk, and thus subject to the strictest rules. Lobbying 75 this possibility are Big Tech companies, including Google and OpenAI’s biggest investor Microsoft, which 76 (invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies. “Predicting all potential risks” of general-purpose AIs would 77   be near impossible but also hold back innovation, a letter to E.U. lawmakers co-signed by Microsoft in late 2022 says; instead, it recommends, the new rules should place the regulatory burden on the often smaller companies 78 apply Big Tech’s AIs to specific risky use cases. 79 (categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk” would be wrong, Google argued in a separate letter to E.U. regulators, and could harm consumers and hold back innovation in Europe. A group of progressive politicians and technologists resist this idea, arguing that excluding 80 (powerful) AI systems from the new E.U. rules would be similar to passing social media regulation that didn’t apply to Facebook or TikTok. 【答案】 71．to pass 72．based 73．rather than 74．should 75．against 76．have invested 77．not only 78．that 79．Categorizing 80．the most powerful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧盟对于人工智能的态度以及各方面的反应。 71．考查非谓语。句意：如果通过，这些规则将使欧盟成为中国以外第一个通过有针对性的人工智能监管的主要管辖区。分析句子结构可知，空格处为major jurisdiction(司法管辖区域)的定语，因为major jurisdiction有序数词the first(第一个)修饰，故其定语用pass(通过)的不定式形式。故答案为to pass。 72．考查非谓语。句意：欧盟《人工智能》法案可能会禁止根据公民的行为和公共场合的面部识别对其进行排名的人工智能。分析句子结构可知，ranks(排名)为句子的谓语，故空格处为非谓语。be based on(基于，以……为基础)为固定短语，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语，故答案为based。 73．考查固定短语。句意：相关法规会制定全球标准，而不是区域不同标准各异，因为在所有国家都能遵守欧盟的规定对公司而言更加简单。分析句子结构可知，空格前后做对比，结合句意“而不是”可知填rather than。 74．考查情态动词。句意：该法案最具争议的一点是，是否应该将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定。根据空后动词原形be可知，本空为情态动词，结合句意可知填should表示“应该”。故答案为should。 75．考查介词。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。由下文“which __(invest) billions of dollars into building general-purpose AIs and seek to benefit from licensing them out to smaller companies.(它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益)”可知，这种大型科技公司反对将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定，故结合句意可知填against表示“反对”。故答案为against。 76．考查时态。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。分析句子结构可知，空前的which为定语从句引导词，修饰Big Tech companies, including Google and Open AI’s biggest investor Microsoft，故本空为定语从句的谓语。结合句意可知这些公司已经资数十亿美元，且which代替复数名词，故句子用现在完成时形式have invested。故答案为have invested。 77．考查固定搭配。句意：微软在2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信函中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。由后文的“but also”可知，本空填“not only”，构成固定搭配not only...but also“不仅……而且……”。故答案为not only。 78．考查定语从句。句意：微软2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰名词companies(公司)，从句缺少主语，故应用that/which引导定语从句。故答案为that/which。 79．考查非谓语。句意：谷歌在给欧盟监管机构的另一封信函中表示，将通用人工智能系统归类为“高风险”是错误的，可能会伤害消费者，阻碍欧洲的创新。动词categorize意为“分类”。分析句子结构可知，would be为本句谓语，故本空为非谓语，_____(categorize) general-purpose AI systems as “high risk”为句子主语， 故填动名词形式Categorizing。故答案为Categorizing。 80．考查形容词最高级。句意：一群进步的政界人士和技术专家反对这一想法，他们认为，将最强大的人工智能系统排除在欧盟的新规定之外，将类似于通过不适用于Facebook或TikTok的社交媒体监管。结合句意可知，本空用形容词最高级the most powerful，作定语，修饰名词短语AI systems。故答案为the most powerful。 Passage 9 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qingcheng Mountain, 81 (locate) in Dujiangyan, Chengdu city of Sichuan province, is one of the cradles of Taoism(道教). With over 20 temples and religious sites for Taoism, it has a strong flavor of Taoist culture and the 82 (building) demonstrate the Sichuan style of architecture. It is famous as the place 83 in 142 the philosopher Zhang Ling founded the doctrine(学说)of Chinese Taoism. Built 84 the mountain during the Jin and Tang dynasties 85 (be) many temples 86 (express)Taoism culture. It also has 87 (nature)landscape with peaks rise and fall, dense forests and quiet trails(小径), which 88 (great)attracts many tourists all over 89 world. The Qingcheng Mountain, together with Dujiangyan irrigation system, 90 (list) as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 2000. 【答案】 81．located 82．buildings 83．where 84．on 85．are 86．expressing 87．natural 88．greatly 89．the 90．was listed 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了道教圣地青城山。 81．考查非谓语动词。句意：青城山位于四川省成都市都江堰，是道教的发源地之一。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以locate应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是Qingcheng Mountain，两者是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填located。 82．考查名词。句意：它有20多座道教寺庙和宗教场所，具有浓郁的道教文化气息，建筑体现了四川建筑风格。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词，building意为“建筑物”，为可数名词，根据“demonstrate”，此处应该用复数形式。故填buildings。 83．考查定语从句关系词。句意：它以哲学家张陵在142年创立中国道教而闻名。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，现行词是place，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 84．考查介词。句意：在晋唐时期，山上建了许多表达道教文化的寺庙。分析句子结构可知，on the mountain在山上（宏观角度,把山当成是个平面物体）符合句意。故填on。 85．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在晋唐时期，山上建了许多表达道教文化的寺庙。分析句子结构可知，本句是倒装句，主语是many temples，为复数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are。 86．考查非谓语动词。句意：在晋唐时期，山上建了许多表达道教文化的寺庙。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词are，所以express应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是temples，两者间是主动关系，此处描述本身性质，应该用现在分词作后置定语。故填expressing。 87．考查形容词。句意：它还有山峰起伏、森林茂密、小径幽静的自然景观，吸引了许多来自世界各地的游客。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词landscape，所以空处应填形容词，nature的形容词形式是natural。故填natural。 88．考查副词。句意：它还有山峰起伏、森林茂密、小径幽静的自然景观，吸引了许多来自世界各地的游客。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词attract，应该用副词修饰，great的副词形式是greatly。故填greatly。 89．考查冠词。句意：它还有山峰起伏、森林茂密、小径幽静的自然景观，吸引了许多来自世界各地的游客。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：all over the world意为“世界各地”。故填the。 90．考查动词时态和语态。句意：青城山与都江堰水利系统于2000年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以list作本句谓语，主语是The Qingcheng Mountain，为第三人称单数，和list之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，根据时间状语in 2000，应该用一般过去时。故填was listed。 Passage 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is 91 (true) nothing like the World Cup! However, the soccer fans in Qatar cannot spend all their time watching matches. So, some of them who want to have a tourist experience between games head 92 the desert outside Doha for camel rides and 93 (photo). In terms of that, business is good for animal handlers. They are making much more money than usual. However, the interest is causing trouble for the camels. Ali Jaber al Ali is from Sudan but has been in Qatar for 15 years. On a normal day, he 94 (say), his company would offer around 20 rides during the week and 50 rides on the weekends. But with so many soccer fans 95 (visit) the country in recent weeks, he and his team have been giving 500 rides in the morning and 500 in the evening, 96 means the camels have little time 97 (rest). Before roads 98 (build), camels were important to transportation and trade in Qatar. Now they are mostly used in racing and to give rides. Despite all that, not every customer is happy. Pablo Corigliano from Argentina said he was hoping for 99 more authentic experience. The rides start on the side of a large road, just past a city 100 (know) for its oil production centers. 【答案】 91．truly 92．for 93．photos 94．said 95．visiting 96．which 97．to rest 98．were built 99．a 100．known 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了在卡塔尔世界杯期间，球迷在比赛间隙体验一下旅游的人会前往多哈郊外的沙漠骑骆驼和拍照。从这方面来说，动物饲养员的生意很好。他们赚的钱比平时多得多。然而，这种兴趣给骆驼带来了麻烦。世界杯期间，卡塔尔的骆驼被迫加班。 91．考查副词。句意：没有什么能比得上世界杯！副词truly修饰动词，作状语。故填truly。 92．考查介词。句意：因此，一些想在比赛间隙体验一下旅游的人会前往多哈郊外的沙漠骑骆驼和拍照。head for表示前往。故填for。 93．考查名词。句意：因此，一些想在比赛间隙体验一下旅游的人会前往多哈郊外的沙漠骑骆驼和拍照。and并列名词复数。故填photos。 94．考查动词时态。句意：他说，正常情况下，他的公司在工作日会提供大约20次骑行，周末会提供50次。根据would可知，故填said。 95．考查非谓语动词。句意：但由于最近几周有如此多的球迷来到这个国家，他和他的团队每天早晚提供各500次骆驼骑行，这意味着骆驼几乎没有时间休息。with+宾语+宾补，球迷和参观是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补。故填visiting。 96．考查定语从句。句意：但由于最近几周有如此多的球迷来到这个国家，他和他的团队每天早晚各骑500只骆驼，这意味着骆驼几乎没有时间休息。指代前面的一件事，用which引导非限制性定语从句，作主语。故填which。 97．考查非谓语动词。句意：但由于最近几周有如此多的球迷来到这个国家，他和他的团队每天早晚各骑500只骆驼，这意味着骆驼几乎没有时间休息。have time to do表示有时间做某事，动词不定式作定语。故填to rest。 98．考查被动语态。句意：在修建道路之前，骆驼在卡塔尔的交通和贸易中很重要。before引导状语从句，从句中主语roads和修建是被动关系，根据were可知用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were built。 99．考查冠词。句意：来自阿根廷的Pablo Corigliano表示，他希望能有一个更真实的体验。不定冠词+比较级+单数可数名词，表示没有具体限定的“一个更……的”。故填a。 100．考查非谓语动词。句意：游乐设施从一条大路边开始，刚刚经过一个以石油生产中心闻名的城市。过去分词修饰名词作定语，表示以……著名的，用known for表示，故填known。 链接高考（测试时间：18分钟） Passage 1 （2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of ____57___ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, ____64____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65___ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】56. which 57. the 58. to present 59. guidance 60. are revealed 61. tries 62. by 63. strategic（al） 64. and 65. digitally 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。 56. 【答案】which 【解析】56.考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 57.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 58.【答案】to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 59.【答案】guidance 【解析】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 60.【答案】are revealed 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 61.【答案】tries 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 62.【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 63.【答案】strategic（al） 【解析】考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic（al）。 64.【答案】and 【解析】 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 65. 【答案】digitally 【解析】考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 Passage 2 A （2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37____ (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me ____38____ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt ____39____ learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found ____40____ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____41____ (be) one of them. Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance ____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____43____ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ____44____ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】36. where 37. central 38. for 39. and 40. myself 41. is 42. to discover 43. absence 44. afternoons 45. left 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 36.【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 37.【答案】central 【解析】考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 38.【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 39.【答案】and 【解析】考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 40.【答案】myself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 41.【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 42.【答案】to discover 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 43.【答案】absence 【解析】查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 44.【答案】afternoons 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 45【答案】left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 Passage 3 （2025年1月浙江卷）The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ____56____ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____57____ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ____58____ the fact that they have something unique to wear ____59____ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive ____61____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】56. a 57. times 58. on 59. and 60. to rent 61. solution 62. is 63. which 64. people’s 65. returning 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了服装租赁服务在澳大利亚兴起的现象。 【56题详解】 考查冠词。句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”，泛指，且new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【57题详解】 考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。 【58题详解】 考查介词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。focus on是固定短语，意为“关注，聚焦于”。故填on。 【59题详解】 考查连词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。“have something unique to wear”和“are not overstuffing their own wardrobes...”是并列关系，have和are是谓语动词，应用连词and连接。故填and。 【60题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。 【61题详解】 考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填solution。 【62题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 【63题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【64题详解】 考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格people’s，作定语。故填people’s。 【65题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $