内容正文:
专题01 定语从句,it用法,副词等 (期末复习讲义)
年份
卷别
考点
考情分析
2025
北京卷
定语从句、名词性从句
从句类考点占语法填空分值 30%,定语从句侧重介词 + 关系代词(如 “for which”)、as/which 辨析,需结合先行词属性解题
新高考 I 卷
定语从句、跨模块整合(定语从句 + 强调句)
语法填空 1 篇涵盖 2 处定语从句考点,综合题考查 “从句引导词 + 强调句结构”,凸显语境化、整合化命题趋势
新高考 II 卷
it 的用法(形式主语 / 宾语)、进行时态
it 的形式成分考查 2 题(1 题形式主语、1 题形式宾语),进行时态聚焦过去进行时表 “过去某时过程”,需抓时间标志词
浙江卷
副词(易混词辨析)、定语从句
副词考点考查 hard/hardly 区分,定语从句侧重非限制性从句引导词选择(which),单句改错涉及 “that 误用”
2024
新高考 I 卷
have/get sth. done、名词性从句
have/get sth. done 在语法填空考查 “get sth. repaired”,需根据语境判断 “委托” 含义,名词性从句侧重连接词 that/what
新高考 II 卷
定语从句、used to 与 would(完形语境)
定语从句考查关系副词 where,完形填空中通过上下文语境考查 “过去习惯” 的句型选择,侧重含义差异
浙江卷
进行时态(特殊含义)、名词性从句
进行时考查表 “抱怨” 的特殊用法(如 “You are always complaining”),单句改错涉及该考点误用
2023
浙江卷
名词性从句
侧重主语从句连接词选择(Whether/That),需区分 “是否” 含义的语境适配性
全国乙卷
并列连词(and/but)、it 的用法(强调句)
强调句在单句改错中考查,需区分与定语从句的差异,连词考查并列句转折 / 承接逻辑
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模块 1 定语从句(期中核心・占比 30%)
)
1、 核心语法框架
1. 限制性定语从句:关系代词与关系副词
引导词类型
具体引导词
适用场景(先行词 / 从句功能)
典型例句
关系代词
that
1. 先行词为人 / 物(通用,优先级高);2. 先行词被序数词、最高级、all/any/every 等不定代词修饰;3. 先行词既有人又有物
① He is the man that helped me.(人) is the book that I bought yesterday.(物)③ We talked about the people and places that we visited.(人 + 物)
which
先行词为物(非 that 优先场景,可互换 that)
The pen which is on the desk is mine.
who
先行词为人,在从句中作主语(可互换 that)
The girl who sings well is my classmate.
whom
先行词为人,在从句中作宾语(可省略,口语中常用 who 替代)
The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.(从句中作 met 的宾语)
whose
先行词为人 / 物,在从句中作定语(表 “…… 的”)
① This is the student whose parents are doctors.(人) ② I live in a house whose windows face south.(物,=the windows of which)
关系副词
when
先行词为时间名词(如 time/day/moment),在从句中作时间状语
I remember the day when we first met.
where
先行词为地点名词(如 place/city/school),在从句中作地点状语
This is the school where I studied.
why
先行词为 reason,在从句中作原因状语(可省略或用 that 替代)
The reason why he left is unknown.(=The reason that / 省略 he left...)
2.非限制性定语从句:核心规则与引导词
非限制性定语从句必须加逗号,修饰整个主句或先行词(去掉不影响主句句意),核心要点如下:
核心规则
逗号不可省略:分隔从句与主句,避免句意混淆;
引导词不可省略:即使在从句中作宾语,也需保留引导词;
不可用 that:无论先行词是人 / 物,均不能用 that 引导。
常用引导词(as/which 优先)
引导词
适用场景
典型例句
as
1. 修饰整个主句,可置于句首 / 句中 / 句末;2. 常搭配固定表达(as we know/as is known/as expected 等); 指代主句内容时,意为 “正如、正像”
① As we all know, the earth is round.(句首)② He passed the exam, as was expected.(句末)
which
1. 修饰整个主句或先行词(物),仅置于句末;2. 指代主句内容时,意为 “这一点、这件事”; 可作介词宾语(介词 + which)
① She won the competition, which made her parents proud.(指代主句) ② The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.(修饰先行词 book)
who/whom/whose
先行词为人,用法同限制性从句(但不可用 that)
① My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing.(主语)② Lucy, whom you met yesterday, is my best friend.(宾语)
when/where
先行词为时间 / 地点名词,作状语(不可用 that)
① I was born in 2000, when my parents worked in Shanghai.(时间) ② We visited Paris, where we stayed for a week.(地点)
3.高频核心点汇总表(重中之重)
核心考点
具体规则 / 辨析要点
示例 / 注意事项
介词 + 关系代词(介词选择依据)
1. 看先行词:介词与先行词构成固定搭配(如 key to/attention to);2. 看从句谓语:介词与从句谓语动词构成固定搭配(如 listen to/depend on);3. 常用结构:介词 + which(物)/whom(人),不可用 that
① This is the key to which I referred.(介词 to 来自 refer to)② The man on whom she depends is her father.(介词 on 来自 depend on)③ 错误:This is the book that I am interested in.(正确:which / 省略,不可用 that 在介词后)
as/which 辨析(修饰主句时)
1. 位置:as 可句首 / 句中 / 句末;which 仅句末;2. 含义:as 表 “正如”(符合预期);which 表 “这一点”(客观陈述); 3. 固定搭配:as 常用于 as is known/as we know/as follows 等,不可用 which 替代
① As is reported, the project will be completed next year.(不可用 which) lied to her, which made her very angry.(不可用 as,表 “这件事”)
that 禁用情况
1. 非限制性定语从句中(无论先行词是人 / 物);2. 介词 + 关系代词结构中(介词后不可接 that);. 先行词为指代物的不定代词(如 anything/something)且从句中作宾语时,可用 which 替代 that,但 that 更常用;. 先行词被 of which/of whom 修饰时
① 错误:The city, that I visited last year, is beautiful.(正确:which)② 错误:The person from that I learned a lot is my teacher.(正确:whom)③ 正确:I have something that/which I want to tell you.(宾语可互换)
二、高频易错点攻坚(直击丢分点)
易错类型
核心规则(直击丢分点)
正确示例
错误示例
避坑关键
先行词为不定代词 / 最高级 / 序数词
关系词仅用 that(不可用 which/who),从句中作宾语时可省略 that
① All that glitters is not gold.(不定代词 all) This is the best book that I have ever read.(最高级 best) ③ The first thing that we need to do is prepare.(序数词 first)
① 错误:All which glitters is not gold.(应用 that)② 错误:This is the best book which I have ever read.(应用 that) ③ 错误:The first thing which we need to do is prepare.(应用 that)
牢记 “不定代(all/any/everything 等)、最高级、序数词” 三大标志,直接锁定 that
非限制性定语从句引导词
1. 绝对不用 that(无论先行词是人 / 物); 2. 指代整句时:as 可放句首 / 句中 / 句末,which 仅放句末
① The film, which I watched last night, is moving.(先行词物,用 which) we discussed, the plan needs adjustment.(指代整句,as 放句首)③ He failed the exam, which surprised everyone.(指代整句,which 放句末)
① 错误:The film, that I watched last night, is moving.(非限从用 that)② 错误:Which we discussed, the plan needs adjustment.(which 不可放句首)③ 错误:As surprised everyone, he failed the exam.(as 表 “这一点” 时不可放句首)
看到 “逗号” 先警惕非限从,立刻排除 that;指代整句看位置,句首必用 as
表地点 / 时间的先行词引导词选择
1. 从句缺主语 / 宾语(缺成分):用 which/that(关系代词);2. 从句不缺主语 / 宾语(缺状语):用 where/when(关系副词)
① This is the factory which/that produces cars.(从句缺主语,用 which/that) remember the day which/that we spent together.(从句缺宾语,用 which/that) This is the factory where cars are produced.(从句不缺成分,用 where)④ I remember the day when we met.(从句不缺成分,用 when)
① 错误:This is the factory where produces cars.(从句缺主语,误用 where)错误:I remember the day when we spent together.(从句缺宾语,误用 when)错误:This is the factory which cars are produced.(从句不缺成分,误用 which)
先分析从句成分:能直接加 “主谓” 则缺状语(用 where/when);需补充主语 / 宾语则用 which/that
三、即时巩固练习
1. 语法填空(8 题,练引导词 / 介词选择)
在空白处填入适当的关系词(that/which/who/whom/whose/where/when/why)或介词,使句子完整通顺。
1 The boy ______ we met at the party yesterday is a top student in our school.
2 This is the museum ______ we visited during our school trip last week.
3 I can’t forget the day ______ I received my first scholarship.
4 The reason ______ she refused the invitation is still unknown to us.
5 We live in an age ______ technology develops rapidly.
6 The woman ______ son won the competition was very proud.
7 This is the factory ______ my father has worked for 20 years.
8 He gave me a valuable gift ______ I had been looking forward to for a long time.
2.单句改错(5 题,纠正常见错误)
找出句子中的语法错误并改正,每句仅 1 处错误。
1 This is the best film which I have seen this year.
2 The girl, that is standing under the tree, is my cousin.
3 I visited the city where my grandparents lived there twenty years ago.
4 As we all know that practice makes perfect.
5 The book from that I learned a lot was written by a famous writer.
3.句式转换(5 题,限从→非限从,练逗号 + 引导词调整)
将下列限制性定语从句改为非限制性定语从句,保持句意不变,符合语法规则。
1 The professor who teaches us English comes from Canada.
2 I bought a new smartphone that has many advanced functions.
3 We spent our holiday in a small town which is surrounded by mountains.
4 My friend Tom who is good at playing the piano will perform at the party.
5 The dictionary that my mother gave me as a birthday gift is very useful.
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it 的用法(期末重点・高考高频)
)
一、核心语法框架
语法功能
具体分类
核心规则
典型例句
考点提示
指代功能
指代具体事物(前文单数 / 不可数)
指代前文提到的同一单数名词或不可数名词,避免重复
① I bought a book yesterday. It is very interesting.(指代前文的 a book) weather is cold, but I like it.(指代不可数名词 weather)
不可指代前文复数名词(复数需用 they/them)
指代抽象概念(天气 / 时间 / 距离)
无具体指代对象,仅作形式主语,描述客观情况
① It is raining heavily outside.(天气) It is 8 o’clock now.(时间)③ It is two kilometers from my home to school.(距离)
此类用法中 it 不可省略,也无需替换其他代词
形式成分
形式主语
替代不定式、that 从句作主语,避免句子头重脚轻;常用结构:It’s + adj./n. + to do/that 从句
① It is important to learn English well.(替代 to learn English well)② It is a pity that you missed the meeting.(替代 that you missed the meeting)
不可直接将不定式 / 从句置于句首(正式文体除外),需用 it 作形式主语
形式宾语
替代不定式、that 从句作宾语,常用动词:find/think/feel/consider 等;结构:主语 + 动词 + it + adj./n. + to do/that 从句
① I find it easy to finish the task.(替代 to finish the task) She thinks it necessary that we should prepare in advance.(替代 that we should prepare in advance)
动词后不可直接接 adj.+ 不定式 / 从句,必须先加 it 作形式宾语
强调句
基本结构
强调主句中的主语、宾语、状语(时间 / 地点 / 原因等);结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who(仅指人)+ 其余部分
① It was Tom who helped me yesterday.(强调主语 Tom) It is in the park that we will meet.(强调地点状语 in the park)
被强调部分为人时,可用 who 或 that;其他情况仅用 that
疑问 / 否定变形
疑问句:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who...?否定句:It is/was not + 被强调部分 + that/who...
① Was it last week that you visited Beijing?(疑问式,强调时间状语 last week)② It is not money that brings happiness.(否定式,强调主语 money)
变形时仅调整 it is/was 的形态,其余部分语序不变
与定语从句区分
强调句去掉 It is/was...that 后,句子结构完整、语义通顺;定语从句去掉引导词后,句子缺成分
① 强调句:It is the house that I bought last year.(去掉后:I bought the house last year. 完整)② 定语从句:This is the house that I bought last year.(去掉后:This is the house I bought last year. 仍需定语从句修饰,否则语义不完整)
核心区分点:“去掉框架后句子是否完整”
二、高频易错点攻坚
易错类型
核心错误表现
正确示例
错误示例
避坑关键
形式主语 / 宾语遗漏 it
直接将不定式 /that 从句置于句首作主语,或动词后直接接 adj.+ 不定式 / 从句,省略 it
① It is difficult to solve this problem.(形式主语) ② He considers it important that we practice more.(形式宾语)
① 错误:To solve this problem is difficult.(头重脚轻,且不符合高频考点用法) ② 错误:He considers important that we practice more.(遗漏形式宾语 it)
牢记 “不定式 /that 从句作主语→先加 it”“动词 + adj.+ 不定式 / 从句→必加 it”
句式杂糅(形式主语与其他句式混淆)
混淆 it 作形式主语与 as 引导的非限从、there be 句型等
① It is known to all that the earth is round.(it 作形式主语)② As is known to all, the earth is round.(as 引导非限从)
错误:As is known to all that the earth is round.(混合两种句式,既用 as 又用 that)
看到 “as is known/expected” 直接加逗号接主句;看到 “that 从句” 前用 it 作形式主语
强调句与定语从句混淆
误将强调句的 that 改为 which/who(非指人时),或误把定语从句当作强调句
① It is the film that I watched last night.(强调句,用 that)② This is the film that I watched last night.(定语从句,可用 that/which)
错误:It is the film which I watched last night.(强调句非指人,不可用 which)
强调句中除 “被强调部分是人” 外,其余情况必用 that;定语从句中物作宾语可用 that/which
指代前文事物用词错误
指代前文可数单数事物时,混淆 it(同名同物)与 that/one(同名异物)
① I have a pen. It is red.(it 指代前文的同一支笔)② I have a pen. That/One is red.(that/one 指代另一支同类的笔)
错误:I have a pen. That/One is red.(若想指代同一支,误用 that/one)
同名同物(同一事物)用 it;同名异物(同类不同个)用 that/one
强调句否定 / 疑问变形错误
否定时在被强调部分加 not,疑问时颠倒 that/who 后的语序
① It is not his fault that the project failed.(否定式,not 加在 is 后)② Is it your brother who will come tomorrow?(疑问式,仅颠倒 it is 的语序)
① 错误:It is his fault not that the project failed.(not 位置错误)② 错误:It is who your brother will come tomorrow?(语序颠倒错误)
强调句否定:It is/was not + 被强调部分 + that... 强调句疑问:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that...?(其余部分语序不变)
三、即时巩固练习
1.语法填空
1 ______ is obvious that he has made great progress in his studies.
2 I think ______ necessary to communicate with parents regularly.
3 ______ is about ten minutes’ walk from the subway station to the shopping mall.
4 She lost her new umbrella, but luckily ______ was found by a kind stranger.
5 ______ was not until midnight that they finished the difficult task.
6 The film is very moving, and ______ leaves a deep impression on all viewers.
7 ______ is no use complaining about the bad weather; we’d better change our plan.
8 He found ______ hard to adapt to the new school life at first.
2. 单句改错(5 题,纠强调句 / 形式成分错误)
找出句子中的语法错误并改正,每句仅 1 处错误。
1 As is known to all that honesty is the best policy.
2 It is the monitor who we should learn from him.
3 I consider important that we should respect our teachers.
4 It was in the classroom where we had the important meeting yesterday.
5 It is not because he is lazy why he failed the exam.
3.句型改写(普通句→强调句)
将下列普通句改为强调句,强调括号内的部分,保持句意不变。
1 We held a wonderful party in the school hall last Friday.(in the school hall)
2 She decided to study abroad because of her parents’ encouragement.(because of her parents’ encouragement)
3 Tom has donated a lot of money to the poor children.(Tom)
4 I realized my mistake after talking with my teacher.(after talking with my teacher)
5 They will finish the project in three months.(in three months)
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模块
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副词专项(期末基础・提分关键)
)
一、核心语法框架
核心模块
具体分类
核心规则 / 高频词汇
典型例句
考点提示
分类(按功能)
方式副词
表动作执行方式,高频词:quickly(快速地)、carefully(仔细地)、happily(开心地)、badly(糟糕地)、well(好地)
① She sings happily.(修饰动词 sings) did the work carefully.(修饰动词 did)
多数由 “形容词 + ly” 构成,少数为不规则变化(如 good→well)
程度副词
表动作 / 状态的程度,高频词:very(非常)、too(太)、so(如此)、quite(相当)、almost(几乎)、nearly(将近)
① This book is very interesting.(修饰形容词 interesting)② He almost missed the bus.(修饰动词 missed)
可修饰形容词、副词或动词,位置需结合修饰对象调整
频率副词
表动作发生频率,高频词:always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时)、seldom(很少)、never(从不)、ever(曾经)、already(已经)、yet(尚未)
① She is always late for class.(be 动词后) often plays basketball after school.(实义动词前)
位置是高频考点,需牢记 “be 后实前” 规则
时间副词
表动作发生时间,高频词:today(今天)、yesterday(昨天)、tomorrow(明天)、now(现在)、then(那时)、recently(最近)、lately(最近)
① We will meet tomorrow.(句末)② Now we are ready.(句首)
可放句首、句中或句末,放句首时常用逗号分隔
地点副词
表动作发生地点,高频词:here(这里)、there(那里)、everywhere(到处)、somewhere(某处)、abroad(在国外)
① Please come here.(修饰动词 come,句末)>② He traveled abroad last year.(修饰动词 traveled,句末)
多修饰动词,放句末或动词后,无需介词搭配(如 “去那里”→go there,非 go to there)
用法(修饰对象)
修饰动词
位置:多放动词后(或宾语后),少数可放句首
① They run quickly.(动词后) She speaks English well.(宾语后)
方式、地点、时间副词多修饰动词,遵循 “后位原则”
修饰形容词 / 副词
位置:放被修饰词前面(程度副词专属用法)
① The film is too boring.(修饰形容词 boring,放前)② He runs so fast.(修饰副词 fast,放前)
不可放被修饰词后(错误:interesting very),程度副词是核心考查对象
修饰全句
位置:放句首(用逗号分隔)或句末
① Luckily, he passed the exam.(句首,修饰全句) He will come, perhaps.(句末,修饰全句)
常用副词:luckily(幸运地)、unfortunately(不幸地)、probably(可能地)
级的变化
规则变化
1. 单音节副词:直接加 er(比较级)/est(最高级); 多音节副词:前加 more(比较级)/most(最高级); 以 ly 结尾的副词:前加 more/most
① fast→faster→fastest(快地) carefully→more carefully→most carefully(仔细地)③ quickly→more quickly→most quickly(快速地)
注意:early(早地)是单音节副词,变化为 earlier→earliest(非 more early)
不规则变化
高频词:good/well→better→best(好地)adly→worse→worst(糟糕地)much/many→more→most(多地)less→least(少地)
① He sings better than me.(比较级) This is the best I can do.(最高级)③ She did worse in the exam.(比较级)
不规则变化是期末高频考点,需单独记忆
二、高频易错点攻坚
易错类型
核心错误表现
正确示例
错误示例
避坑关键
易混副词辨析
混淆含义相近但用法不同的副词
① He works hard.(hard:努力地,修饰动词)>② He hardly works.(hardly:几乎不,表频率)>③ She came late.(late:晚地,表时间)④ I haven’t seen her lately.(lately:最近,表时间)⑤ I have already finished my homework.(already:肯定句,已完成) you finished your homework yet?(yet:疑问句,尚未)
① 错误:He works hardly.(想表达 “努力” 却用了 “几乎不”)错误:She came lately.(想表达 “来晚了” 却用了 “最近”)③ 错误:I have yet finished my homework.(肯定句误用 yet)
牢记三组核心易混词:(努力)≠ hardly(几乎不)late(晚)≠ lately(最近)already(肯定 / 句中)≠ yet(否定 / 疑问 / 句末)
副词与形容词修饰对象混淆
用副词修饰名词,或用形容词修饰动词
① 快速的跑→run quickly(副词修饰动词)② 一本有趣的书→an interesting book(形容词修饰名词)③ 她唱歌很好→She sings well(副词 well 修饰动词)
① 错误:quick run(用形容词 quick 修饰名词 run,应为 quickly run 或 a quick run)错误:She sings good(用形容词 good 修饰动词 sings,应为 well)
牢记:形容词 + 名词(adj.+n.)副词 + 动词 / 形容词 / 副词(adv.+v./adj./adv.)
频率副词位置错误
频率副词放 be 动词前或实义动词后
① He is often late.(be 动词后)② She often goes to the library.(实义动词前) They have never been there.(助动词后,实义动词前)
① 错误:He often is late.(be 动词前误用)② 错误:She goes often to the library.(实义动词后误用)
核心规则:be 动词 / 助动词后,实义动词前 sometimes 可放句首 / 句中 / 句末)
副词级的变化错误
不规则副词按规则变化,或多音节副词直接加 er/est
① well→better(比较级),非 gooder② badly→worse(比较级),非 badliermore carefully(比较级),非 carefullier
① 错误:He sings gooder than me.(good 的副词形式是 well,比较级为 better)错误:She works carefullier than him.(多音节副词需加 more)
单独记忆不规则变化副词;多音节副词(含 ly 结尾)统一用 more/most
地点副词冗余介词
地点副词前加多余介词
① 去那里→go there(there 是地点副词,无需 to)② 回家→go home(home 是地点副词,无需 to)
① 错误:go to there 错误:go to home
常见地点副词(here/there/home/abroad)前不加介词;若为名词(如 the park),需加介词(go to the park)
三、即时巩固练习
1. 语法填空(5 题,练副词形式 / 位置)
1 She completed the task ______ (careful) because it was very important.(选择性必修 1 高频词)
2 My brother runs ______ (fast) than any other student in his class.
3 We ______ (seldom) see such beautiful scenery in big cities.(选择性必修 2 高频词)
4 This math problem is ______ difficult that no one in our group could solve it.
5 ______ (luck), we arrived at the airport on time despite the heavy rain.
二、单句改错(5 题,纠形副误用)
1 He is a very carefully student who always checks his homework twice.(选择性必修 1 高频词)
2 The teacher spoke slow so that all the students could follow him.(选择性必修 2 高频词)
3 She sings very good and won first prize in the school competition.
4 This is a quick solved problem; you can finish it in five minutes.
5 We are extreme proud of our team’s achievement in the national contest.(选择性必修 1 高频词)
三、选词填空(5 题,选易混副词)
从括号内选择合适的副词填空,每词仅用一次,有多余选项。
选项(易混副词组,均为选择性必修 1-2 高频词)
hard/hardly、late/lately、already/yet、quite/very、almost/nearly
1 My father works ______ every day to support our family, so he ______ has time to relax.
2 Have you finished reading the novel ______? Our literature class will discuss it tomorrow.
3 I haven’t seen my cousin ______; I wonder how she is getting on with her study in college.
4 The film is ______ interesting, and I have ______ watched it three times.
5 He ______ missed the train because of the traffic jam, but he arrived at the station just in time.
(
模块
4
名词固定短语(期末积累・适配完形 / 写作)
)
模块 7
1、 核心短语梳理(按搭配分类,选择性必修 1-2 高频)
搭配类型
核心短语(教材高频)
中文释义
典型例句(贴合教材语境)
教材关联提示
名词 + 介词
advantage of(优势)
…… 的优势
We should make good use of the advantage of online learning.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 数字化学习)
必修 1 重点搭配,常与 take/make use of 连用
contribution to(贡献)
对…… 的贡献
His research made a great contribution to environmental protection.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4 环保主题)
必修 2 高频写作短语,介词 to 不可替换
solution to(解决方案)
对…… 的解决方案
The government put forward a practical solution to air pollution.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4 环保主题)
必修 2 阅读高频词,后接问题类名词
difference between(差异)
…… 之间的差异
She explained the difference between traditional and modern education.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1 教育话题)
必修 1 语法填空常考,between 后接复数名词 / 代词
access to(使用权限;接近)
进入……;使用…… 的权利
Students have free access to the school library.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 校园资源)
必修 1 重点短语,to 为介词,后接名词 / 动名词
介词 + 名词
in need(需要帮助的)
在困难中;需要帮助
We should offer help to those in need.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5 社会责任)
必修 2 完形填空高频短语,常作后置定语
on purpose(故意地)
故意;有意地
He didn’t make the mistake by chance—he did it on purpose.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2 人际交往)
必修 1 单句改错常考,与 by chance 对比
by chance(偶然地)
偶然;碰巧
I met my former teacher by chance on the street yesterday.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2 人际交往)
必修 1 语法填空高频,与 on purpose 互为反义短语
at present(目前;现在)
目前;当下
At present, more and more people pay attention to mental health.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5 健康话题)
必修 2 写作常用开头短语,可替换 now
in addition(此外;另外)
此外;补充
The project is practical, and in addition, it is cost-effective.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 项目设计)
必修 1 写作衔接短语,后接句子或 in addition to + 名词
名词 + 名词
traffic jam(交通堵塞)
交通堵塞
We were late for the meeting because of a serious traffic jam.(选择性必修 2 Unit 1 城市交通)
必修 2 阅读高频名词短语,为复合名词结构
environment protection(环境保护)
环境保护
Environment protection has become a global issue.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4 环保主题)
必修 2 核心写作话题,可替换为 environmental protection
time management(时间管理)
时间管理
Good time management helps us balance study and rest.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1 学习方法)
必修 1 学习策略话题,为名词作定语结构
online platform(在线平台)
在线平台
We communicated with our teammates through an online platform.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 团队合作)
必修 1 数字化学习话题,高频出现于阅读和写作
cultural heritage(文化遗产)
文化遗产
We should take measures to protect cultural heritage.(选择性必修 2 Unit 3 文化话题)
必修 2 文化类阅读核心短语,写作常考
二、高频易错点攻坚
易错类型
核心错误表现
正确示例(教材语境)
错误示例
避坑关键(教材衔接)
固定搭配介词误用
替换核心短语中的固定介词
① He made a great contribution to charity.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)② She found a solution to the problem.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4) discussed the difference between the two plans.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1)
① 错误:He made a great contribution for charity.(to 不可换 for)② 错误:She found a solution for the problem.(to 不可换 for)③ 错误:We discussed the difference among the two plans.(between 不可换 among,两者用 between)
牢记选择性必修 1-2 高频短语的固定介词:/solution/key + todifference between(两者)/among(三者及以上)age/benefit + of
形近短语含义 / 用法混淆
混淆含义相近或结构相似的短语
① Take care of your little sister when I’m out.(照顾,选择性必修 1 Unit 2) Take care not to make mistakes in the exam.(小心,选择性必修 1 Unit 1) Take an umbrella in case it rains.(万一,接句子,选择性必修 2 Unit 5)④ In case of fire, call 119 immediately.(万一,接名词,选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
① 错误:Take care your little sister when I’m out.(缺 of,照顾需加 of)② 错误:Take care of not to make mistakes.(小心无需加 of)③ 错误:Take an umbrella in case of it rains.(in case of 后接名词,不可接句子)>④ 错误:In case fire, call 119 immediately.(in case 后接句子,接名词需加 of)
1. 带 of 表 “动作对象”:take care of(照顾某人 / 物);无 of 表 “提醒”:take care(小心);2. in case 是连词,后接完整句子;in case of 是介词短语,后接名词 / 代词(选择性必修 2 Unit 5 安全话题重点)
名词 + 名词结构错误
误加形容词后缀或介词
① Traffic jam is a common problem in big cities.(选择性必修 2 Unit 1)>② Environment protection is everyone’s responsibility.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
① 错误:Traffic jamming is a common problem.(无需变动名词)错误:Environment’s protection is everyone’s responsibility.(无需加所有格)
选择性必修 1-2 中的名词 + 名词短语,前一个名词作定语表 “类别 / 用途”,直接用原形,无需加介词、所有格或变形(如 time management、online platform)
介词 + 名词短语冗余介词
在固定短语中额外加介词
① Those in need should be cared for.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)② He did it on purpose, not by chance.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2)
① 错误:Those in the need should be cared for.(in need 无需加 the)② 错误:He did it on the purpose.(on purpose 无需加 the)
牢记选择性必修 1-2 中 “介词 + 名词” 短语的零冠词用法:in need、on purpose、by chance、at present,不可额外加 the/a/an
三、即时巩固练习
1.短语填空(5 题,补介词 / 名词)
1 We should try our best to make a greater contribution ______ environmental protection.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
2 The teacher explained the difference ______ the two chemical experiments clearly.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1)
3 Students in this school have free access ______ the latest digital resources.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3)
4 ______ present, many young people are interested in learning traditional Chinese culture.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
5 In addition ______ reading, we should also practice speaking English every day.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3)
二、单句改错(5 题,纠短语搭配错误)
1 The government has found a practical solution for the problem of water shortage.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
2 She made a great contribution for the development of the local community.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
3 Take care your belongings when you are traveling alone.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2)
4 In case of it rains, we will postpone the outdoor activity.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
5 Those in the need can apply for financial support from the school.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
三、写作应用(5 题,用 2-3 个短语写简单句子)
1 话题:环保(选择性必修 2 Unit 4);指定短语:contribution to、environment protection
2 话题:学习方法(选择性必修 1 Unit 1);指定短语:advantage of、time management
3 话题:校园资源(选择性必修 1 Unit 3);指定短语:access to、online platform
4 话题:人际交往(选择性必修 1 Unit 2);指定短语:by chance、take care of
5 话题:社会责任(选择性必修 2 Unit 5);指定短语:in need、in addition
(
模块
5
语法综合突破(跨模块・适配期末刷题)
)
一、跨模块易混点辨析(整合核心,避混淆)
易混成对
核心辨析维度
典型示例(正确用法)
易混点对比解析
避坑关键(一句话总结)
定语从句 vs it 强调句
1. 句式完整性(去掉引导词 / 强调框架后是否完整);2. 引导词功能(修饰先行词 vs 无实义,仅搭框架)
▶ 定语从句:This is the park that we visited last week. 去掉 that:This is the park we visited last week. 缺定语修饰,语义不完整)▶ 强调句:It is the park that we visited last week. 去掉 It is/that:We visited the park last week. 句式完整,语义通顺)
- 定语从句:有先行词(the park),that/who/which 是关系词,修饰先行词,从句是主句必要组成部分;- 强调句:无先行词,It is/was...that 是固定框架,仅突出被强调部分(the park),去掉框架后句子独立成立
去掉 “that/who/which”(定语从句)或 “ It is/was...that”(强调句),能独立成句的是强调句,反之是定语从句
have/get 结构 vs 非谓语动词
1. 主语与动作的关系(主动执行 vs 让他人执行 / 被动承受); 结构功能(表 “使役 / 被动” vs 表 “主动 / 目的 / 伴随”)
▶ have/get 结构:① I had my hair cut yesterday.(让他人剪,主语是动作承受者)② We must get the work finished by Friday.(使工作被完成,被动含义)非谓语动词:>① I plan to cut my hair this weekend.(自己剪,主语是动作执行者) Finishing the work on time is important.(主动完成,表动作本身)
- have/get 结构:主语通常不直接执行动作,表 “让别人做”(have sth done)或 “使某事被做”(get sth done),隐含被动 / 使役;- 非谓语动词(to do/doing/done):主语多是动作执行者(to do/doing)或承受者(done),直接表动作的目的、伴随或状态,无 “让他人做” 的含义
表 “让别人做 / 某事被做” 用 have/get sth done;表 “自己做 / 动作目的 / 伴随” 用非谓语动词
used to/would vs 时态搭配
1. 语境含义(是否强调 “现在已改变”);2. 搭配范围(是否可接状态动词 / 动作动词)
▶ used to:① She used to live in Paris.(现在不住了,表状态改变) He used to be quiet.(接状态动词 be,表过去的状态,现在已变)▶ would:① When I was a child, I would play football after school.(仅表过去习惯性动作,不强调现在是否改变)② My grandma would tell me stories before bed.(接动作动词,表过去反复的动作)▶ 一般过去时(时态搭配对比):① She lived in Paris for 5 years.(仅陈述过去事实,无 “现在改变” 的隐含意义)
- used to:核心是 “过去曾经,现在不再”,可接动作动词或状态动词,强调 “今昔对比”; would:仅表 “过去习惯性、反复性的动作”,不接状态动词(不可说 would be quiet),不强调现在是否改变;一般过去时:单纯陈述过去发生的动作或状态,无 “习惯” 或 “今昔对比” 的含义
强调 “过去有,现在没了” 用 used to;仅表 “过去常做某事” 用 would(接动作动词);单纯陈述过去事实用一般过去时
二、高考适配真题片段
1. 语法填空
Cultural heritage is a precious gift from our ancestors, and protecting it is a responsibility for everyone. There was a time 1. ______ many ancient buildings were in danger of disappearing. 2. ______ is reported that a group of young volunteers have made great contributions 3. ______ their protection. They created an online platform 4. ______ people can share information about cultural relics.
These volunteers 5. ______ (seldom) take breaks because they are 6. ______ (extreme) devoted to the work. They believe that good time management is of great advantage 7. ______ completing the task efficiently. Last month, they had a historic temple 8. ______ (repair) by professional workers—this is quite different from 9. ______ (do) the work themselves. Now, more and more people have access 10. ______ the information about cultural heritage protection, and this helps a lot in raising public awareness.
二、单句改错(跨模块错题整合)
1. It is the ancient town where we spent our happy childhood that holds many memories.(定语从句 vs 强调句)
2. My mother has my clothes wash every weekend because she is too busy to do it herself.(have/get 结构 vs 非谓语)
3. He used to be a doctor and would work in a hospital in the countryside for 10 years.(used to/would vs 时态)
4. The solution for the environmental problem requires the joint efforts of the whole society.(短语介词搭配)
5. She works hardly every day to improve her English, but she still finds it difficult to communicate with foreigners.(易混副词)
三、解题技巧总结(授方法,提效率)
1. 定语从句解题技巧:“成分判断法”
核心逻辑:先判是否缺成分,再选引导词
具体解题步骤(4 步走):
1 找先行词:定位从句修饰的核心名词 / 代词(如时间、地点、人、物、抽象概念),明确先行词类型(直接影响引导词选择);
2 析从句成分:剥离从句主干(主谓宾 / 主系表),判断是否缺核心成分(主语、宾语)或修饰成分(状语):
3 缺主语 / 宾语:用关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose),指代人用 who/whom/that,指代物用 that/which,表 “…… 的” 用 whose;
4 不缺主语 / 宾语(缺状语):用关系副词(when/where/why),对应先行词为时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why);
避禁忌规则:结合高频易错点排除错误选项(如非限从不用 that、介词后不用 that、最高级 / 不定代词后只用 that);
验证逻辑:代入引导词通读,确保从句与先行词逻辑通顺(如 where/when 是否符合 “地点 / 时间状语” 含义,that/which 是否准确指代先行词)。
真题适配示例(对应前文语法填空第 4 题):
原句:They created an online platform 4. ______ people can share information about cultural relics.
解题过程:
① 先行词:online platform(地点类名词);
② 从句成分:people(主语)+ can share(谓语)+ information(宾语),主谓宾完整,缺地点状语;
③ 排除禁忌:无禁用情况,地点状语用 where;
④ 验证:“在平台上分享信息” 逻辑通顺,确定答案 where。
易错提醒:
勿因先行词是时间 / 地点就直接选 when/where,关键看从句是否缺状语(如 “the day we spent” 缺宾语,用 that/which,而非 when);
whose 可指代人或物,后接名词(如 “the book whose cover is red”),避免误改为 of which(虽可,但 whose 更简洁)。
二、it 的用法解题技巧:“功能定位法”(快速区分三大场景)
核心逻辑:先辨功能(指代 / 形式 / 强调),再定形式
具体解题步骤(3 步定位):
判功能类型:根据句子结构和语境,锁定 it 的核心功能:
指代功能:句中有明确指代对象(前文单数 / 不可数名词、天气 / 时间 / 距离),无固定句式框架;
形式功能(形式主语 / 宾语):有固定句式(It’s + adj./n. + to do/that 从句;主语 + 动词 + it + adj. + to do/that 从句),it 无实义,替代后面的不定式 / 从句;
强调功能:有固定框架(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余),去掉框架后句子完整通顺;
定具体形式:
指代功能:直接用 it(无需变形),确保指代对象唯一(复数用 they/them);
形式功能:形式主语用 “It + 固定结构 + 真正主语”,形式宾语用 “动词 + it + 补语 + 真正宾语”,不可省略 it;
强调功能:根据原句时态确定 is/was,被强调部分为人可用 who/that,其余用 that,疑问句 / 否定句仅调整 is/was 形态;
避句式杂糅:区分易混结构(如 It is known that...≠ As is known that...;in case≠ in case of)。
真题适配示例(对应前文言法填空第 2 题):
原句:2. ______ is reported that a group of young volunteers have made great contributions...
解题过程:
① 判功能:有固定句式 “It is reported that...”,it 无实义,替代后面的 that 从句,属于形式主语功能;
② 定形式:直接套用句式,填 It;
③ 避杂糅:若误填 As,需去掉 that 并加逗号(As is reported, ...),此处有 that,故确定为 It。
易错提醒:
形式主语 / 宾语不可省略 it(如 “find it necessary”≠ “find necessary”);
强调句与定语从句区分:去掉 It is/was...that 后能独立成句的是强调句(如 “It is the park that we visited”→ “We visited the park” 完整),反之是定语从句。
三、时态题解题技巧:“标志词 + 语境分析法”(精准匹配时态)
核心逻辑:先抓时间标志词,再析语境含义
具体解题步骤(4 步锁定):
找时间标志词:优先定位明确的时间信号(直接决定时态范围):
一般过去时:yesterday/last week/in 2020/just now;
现在完成时:already/yet/since/for + 时间段 /so far;
一般现在时:always/often/usually/every day;
将来时:tomorrow/next month/in the future;
析语境隐含义:无明确标志词时,结合句意判断动作关系(先后、持续、反复、今昔对比):
动作先后:先发生的用完成时(如 “By the time he arrived, we had left”);
持续状态:用完成时 + for/since(如 “He has lived here for 5 years”);
今昔对比:用 used to(过去有,现在无)/ 一般现在时(现在状态);
配主谓一致:根据主语单复数、主谓就近原则调整动词形式(如 there be 句型、neither...nor...);
避时态混用:确保主从句时态一致(如 if 条件句:主将从现;宾语从句:主句过去时,从句相应过去时态)。
真题适配示例(对应前单句改错第 3 题):
原句:He used to be a doctor and would work in a hospital in the countryside for 10 years.
解题过程:
① 找标志词:for 10 years(持续时间标志);
② 析语境:句中表 “过去持续 10 年的工作经历”,仅陈述过去事实,无 “习惯性动作”(would 表反复动作,不接持续时间);
③ 定时态:应用一般过去时,去掉 would 或补充主语改为 and he worked;
④ 避错误:used to 表 “现在不再是医生”,与后面的持续工作经历不冲突,但 would 不可接 for + 时间段,故修正。
易错提醒:
现在完成时不可与明确过去时间词连用(如 “have seen yesterday” 错误,需改为 saw);
used to vs would:used to 可接状态动词(be/like)和动作动词,强调今昔对比;would 仅接动作动词,表过去反复动作,不接持续时间。
四.补充:短语搭配题解题技巧(联动前模块)
核心逻辑:“固定搭配 + 语境验证”(避免介词误用)
记核心搭配:优先牢记 “名词 + 介词”“介词 + 名词” 固定组合(如 contribution to/solution to/access to),不随意替换介词;
析语境需求:根据句意判断短语含义(如 in case 接句子 /in case of 接名词;take care 表提醒 /take care of 接宾语);
避冗余 / 遗漏:固定短语无额外介词(如 in need≠ in the need;on purpose≠ on the purpose),带 of 短语不可漏 of(如 take care of≠ take care)。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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专题01 定语从句,it用法,副词等 (期末复习讲义)
年份
卷别
考点
考情分析
2025
北京卷
定语从句、名词性从句
从句类考点占语法填空分值 30%,定语从句侧重介词 + 关系代词(如 “for which”)、as/which 辨析,需结合先行词属性解题
新高考 I 卷
定语从句、跨模块整合(定语从句 + 强调句)
语法填空 1 篇涵盖 2 处定语从句考点,综合题考查 “从句引导词 + 强调句结构”,凸显语境化、整合化命题趋势
新高考 II 卷
it 的用法(形式主语 / 宾语)、进行时态
it 的形式成分考查 2 题(1 题形式主语、1 题形式宾语),进行时态聚焦过去进行时表 “过去某时过程”,需抓时间标志词
浙江卷
副词(易混词辨析)、定语从句
副词考点考查 hard/hardly 区分,定语从句侧重非限制性从句引导词选择(which),单句改错涉及 “that 误用”
2024
新高考 I 卷
have/get sth. done、名词性从句
have/get sth. done 在语法填空考查 “get sth. repaired”,需根据语境判断 “委托” 含义,名词性从句侧重连接词 that/what
新高考 II 卷
定语从句、used to 与 would(完形语境)
定语从句考查关系副词 where,完形填空中通过上下文语境考查 “过去习惯” 的句型选择,侧重含义差异
浙江卷
进行时态(特殊含义)、名词性从句
进行时考查表 “抱怨” 的特殊用法(如 “You are always complaining”),单句改错涉及该考点误用
2023
浙江卷
名词性从句
侧重主语从句连接词选择(Whether/That),需区分 “是否” 含义的语境适配性
全国乙卷
并列连词(and/but)、it 的用法(强调句)
强调句在单句改错中考查,需区分与定语从句的差异,连词考查并列句转折 / 承接逻辑
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模块 1 定语从句(期中核心・占比 30%)
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1、 核心语法框架
1. 限制性定语从句:关系代词与关系副词
引导词类型
具体引导词
适用场景(先行词 / 从句功能)
典型例句
关系代词
that
1. 先行词为人 / 物(通用,优先级高);2. 先行词被序数词、最高级、all/any/every 等不定代词修饰;3. 先行词既有人又有物
① He is the man that helped me.(人) is the book that I bought yesterday.(物)③ We talked about the people and places that we visited.(人 + 物)
which
先行词为物(非 that 优先场景,可互换 that)
The pen which is on the desk is mine.
who
先行词为人,在从句中作主语(可互换 that)
The girl who sings well is my classmate.
whom
先行词为人,在从句中作宾语(可省略,口语中常用 who 替代)
The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.(从句中作 met 的宾语)
whose
先行词为人 / 物,在从句中作定语(表 “…… 的”)
① This is the student whose parents are doctors.(人) ② I live in a house whose windows face south.(物,=the windows of which)
关系副词
when
先行词为时间名词(如 time/day/moment),在从句中作时间状语
I remember the day when we first met.
where
先行词为地点名词(如 place/city/school),在从句中作地点状语
This is the school where I studied.
why
先行词为 reason,在从句中作原因状语(可省略或用 that 替代)
The reason why he left is unknown.(=The reason that / 省略 he left...)
2.非限制性定语从句:核心规则与引导词
非限制性定语从句必须加逗号,修饰整个主句或先行词(去掉不影响主句句意),核心要点如下:
核心规则
逗号不可省略:分隔从句与主句,避免句意混淆;
引导词不可省略:即使在从句中作宾语,也需保留引导词;
不可用 that:无论先行词是人 / 物,均不能用 that 引导。
常用引导词(as/which 优先)
引导词
适用场景
典型例句
as
1. 修饰整个主句,可置于句首 / 句中 / 句末;2. 常搭配固定表达(as we know/as is known/as expected 等); 指代主句内容时,意为 “正如、正像”
① As we all know, the earth is round.(句首)② He passed the exam, as was expected.(句末)
which
1. 修饰整个主句或先行词(物),仅置于句末;2. 指代主句内容时,意为 “这一点、这件事”; 可作介词宾语(介词 + which)
① She won the competition, which made her parents proud.(指代主句) ② The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.(修饰先行词 book)
who/whom/whose
先行词为人,用法同限制性从句(但不可用 that)
① My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing.(主语)② Lucy, whom you met yesterday, is my best friend.(宾语)
when/where
先行词为时间 / 地点名词,作状语(不可用 that)
① I was born in 2000, when my parents worked in Shanghai.(时间) ② We visited Paris, where we stayed for a week.(地点)
3.高频核心点汇总表(重中之重)
核心考点
具体规则 / 辨析要点
示例 / 注意事项
介词 + 关系代词(介词选择依据)
1. 看先行词:介词与先行词构成固定搭配(如 key to/attention to);2. 看从句谓语:介词与从句谓语动词构成固定搭配(如 listen to/depend on);3. 常用结构:介词 + which(物)/whom(人),不可用 that
① This is the key to which I referred.(介词 to 来自 refer to)② The man on whom she depends is her father.(介词 on 来自 depend on)③ 错误:This is the book that I am interested in.(正确:which / 省略,不可用 that 在介词后)
as/which 辨析(修饰主句时)
1. 位置:as 可句首 / 句中 / 句末;which 仅句末;2. 含义:as 表 “正如”(符合预期);which 表 “这一点”(客观陈述); 3. 固定搭配:as 常用于 as is known/as we know/as follows 等,不可用 which 替代
① As is reported, the project will be completed next year.(不可用 which) lied to her, which made her very angry.(不可用 as,表 “这件事”)
that 禁用情况
1. 非限制性定语从句中(无论先行词是人 / 物);2. 介词 + 关系代词结构中(介词后不可接 that);. 先行词为指代物的不定代词(如 anything/something)且从句中作宾语时,可用 which 替代 that,但 that 更常用;. 先行词被 of which/of whom 修饰时
① 错误:The city, that I visited last year, is beautiful.(正确:which)② 错误:The person from that I learned a lot is my teacher.(正确:whom)③ 正确:I have something that/which I want to tell you.(宾语可互换)
二、高频易错点攻坚(直击丢分点)
易错类型
核心规则(直击丢分点)
正确示例
错误示例
避坑关键
先行词为不定代词 / 最高级 / 序数词
关系词仅用 that(不可用 which/who),从句中作宾语时可省略 that
① All that glitters is not gold.(不定代词 all) This is the best book that I have ever read.(最高级 best) ③ The first thing that we need to do is prepare.(序数词 first)
① 错误:All which glitters is not gold.(应用 that)② 错误:This is the best book which I have ever read.(应用 that) ③ 错误:The first thing which we need to do is prepare.(应用 that)
牢记 “不定代(all/any/everything 等)、最高级、序数词” 三大标志,直接锁定 that
非限制性定语从句引导词
1. 绝对不用 that(无论先行词是人 / 物); 2. 指代整句时:as 可放句首 / 句中 / 句末,which 仅放句末
① The film, which I watched last night, is moving.(先行词物,用 which) we discussed, the plan needs adjustment.(指代整句,as 放句首)③ He failed the exam, which surprised everyone.(指代整句,which 放句末)
① 错误:The film, that I watched last night, is moving.(非限从用 that)② 错误:Which we discussed, the plan needs adjustment.(which 不可放句首)③ 错误:As surprised everyone, he failed the exam.(as 表 “这一点” 时不可放句首)
看到 “逗号” 先警惕非限从,立刻排除 that;指代整句看位置,句首必用 as
表地点 / 时间的先行词引导词选择
1. 从句缺主语 / 宾语(缺成分):用 which/that(关系代词);2. 从句不缺主语 / 宾语(缺状语):用 where/when(关系副词)
① This is the factory which/that produces cars.(从句缺主语,用 which/that) remember the day which/that we spent together.(从句缺宾语,用 which/that) This is the factory where cars are produced.(从句不缺成分,用 where)④ I remember the day when we met.(从句不缺成分,用 when)
① 错误:This is the factory where produces cars.(从句缺主语,误用 where)错误:I remember the day when we spent together.(从句缺宾语,误用 when)错误:This is the factory which cars are produced.(从句不缺成分,误用 which)
先分析从句成分:能直接加 “主谓” 则缺状语(用 where/when);需补充主语 / 宾语则用 which/that
三、即时巩固练习
1. 语法填空(8 题,练引导词 / 介词选择)
在空白处填入适当的关系词(that/which/who/whom/whose/where/when/why)或介词,使句子完整通顺。
1 The boy ______ we met at the party yesterday is a top student in our school.
2 This is the museum ______ we visited during our school trip last week.
3 I can’t forget the day ______ I received my first scholarship.
4 The reason ______ she refused the invitation is still unknown to us.
5 We live in an age ______ technology develops rapidly.
6 The woman ______ son won the competition was very proud.
7 This is the factory ______ my father has worked for 20 years.
8 He gave me a valuable gift ______ I had been looking forward to for a long time.
参考答案与详细解析
1 答案:who/whom/that(可省略)
解析:考点为关系代词指代人作宾语。先行词 the boy 为人,从句中 met 后缺宾语,可用 who/whom/that,口语和书面语中均可省略,符合 “先行词为人,作宾语时引导词可灵活选择” 的考点。
2 答案:that/which(可省略)
解析:考点为关系代词指代物作宾语。先行词 the museum 为物,从句中 visited 后缺宾语,that 和 which 可互换,也可省略,对应 “限制性定语从句中物作宾语的引导词用法”。
3 答案:when
解析:考点为关系副词作时间状语。先行词 the day 为时间名词,从句 “I received my first scholarship” 主谓宾完整,缺时间状语,故用 when,符合 “时间先行词 + 完整从句→用 when” 的规则。
4 答案:why/that(可省略)
解析:考点为关系副词 why 的用法。先行词为 reason,从句 “she refused the invitation” 主谓宾完整,缺原因状语,可用 why 或 that,也可直接省略引导词,对应 “reason 作先行词的特殊用法”。
5 答案:when/in which
解析:考点为 “介词 + 关系代词” 与关系副词的转换。先行词 an age 为时间名词,从句 “technology develops rapidly” 完整,缺时间状语,可用 when;也可转化为 “in which”(in an age 为固定搭配),衔接 “介词选择看先行词搭配” 的考点。
6 答案:whose
解析:考点为关系代词 whose 作定语。先行词 the woman 为人,从句中 son 需定语修饰,表 “女人的儿子”,故用 whose,符合 “whose 可指代人或物作定语” 的规则。
7 答案:where/in which
解析:考点为关系副词作地点状语与 “介词 + which” 的转换。先行词 the factory 为地点名词,从句 “my father has worked” 缺地点状语,用 where;也可因 “work in the factory” 的固定搭配,填 in which,对应 “介词选择看从句谓语搭配” 的考点。
8 答案:that/which(可省略)
解析:考点为关系代词指代物且从句含固定搭配。先行词 a valuable gift 为物,从句中 look forward to 后缺宾语(指代 gift),故用 that/which,可省略;此处需注意介词 to 已与谓语搭配,引导词直接作 to 的宾语,无需额外加介词,避免 “介词冗余” 的错误。
2.单句改错(5 题,纠正常见错误)
找出句子中的语法错误并改正,每句仅 1 处错误。
1 This is the best film which I have seen this year.
2 The girl, that is standing under the tree, is my cousin.
3 I visited the city where my grandparents lived there twenty years ago.
4 As we all know that practice makes perfect.
5 The book from that I learned a lot was written by a famous writer.
参考答案与详细解析
1 错误:which → 改正:that
解析:考点为 “先行词被最高级修饰时,关系词仅用 that”。先行词 film 被 best(最高级)修饰,限制性定语从句中不可用 which,需改为 that,避免 “最高级 + which” 的高频错误。
2 错误:that → 改正:who
解析:考点为 “非限制性定语从句不可用 that”。句子含逗号,为非限从,先行词 the girl 为人,作主语,需用 who 替代 that,符合 “非限从引导词禁用 that” 的核心规则。
3 错误:去掉 there
解析:考点为 “关系副词与地点 / 时间名词的冗余冲突”。where 为关系副词,已在从句中作地点状语(相当于 in the city),从句中再用 there 重复指代地点,导致句式杂糅,故删除 there,使从句 “my grandparents lived” 完整且逻辑通顺。
4 错误:去掉 that
解析:考点为 “as 引导非限制性定语从句的句式”。As we all know 为固定非限从结构,as 已指代主句 “practice makes perfect” 的内容,无需再加 that;若保留 that,需改为 It is known to all that...(it 作形式主语),此处因原句用 as 开头,故删除 that,避免 “as 与 that 重复引导” 的错误。
5 错误:that → 改正:which
解析:考点为 “介词 + 关系代词不可用 that”。介词 from 后接关系代词时,指代物需用 which,指代人用 whom,不可用 that,故将 that 改为 which,符合 “介词 + 关系代词的禁用规则”。
3.句式转换(5 题,限从→非限从,练逗号 + 引导词调整)
将下列限制性定语从句改为非限制性定语从句,保持句意不变,符合语法规则。
1 The professor who teaches us English comes from Canada.
2 I bought a new smartphone that has many advanced functions.
3 We spent our holiday in a small town which is surrounded by mountains.
4 My friend Tom who is good at playing the piano will perform at the party.
5 The dictionary that my mother gave me as a birthday gift is very useful.
参考答案与详细解析
1 转换句:The professor, who teaches us English, comes from Canada.
解析:① 加逗号:在先行词 professor 后和从句末尾加逗号,区分主句与非限从;② 引导词调整:先行词为人,非限从不可用 that,保留 who(从句作主语,不可省略);③ 逻辑:非限从补充说明教授的身份,不影响主句 “来自加拿大” 的核心句意,符合非限从的功能。
2 转换句:I bought a new smartphone, which has many advanced functions.
解析:① 加逗号:在 smartphone 后和从句末尾加逗号;② 引导词调整:先行词为物,非限从禁用 that,将 that 改为 which;③ 注意:从句作主语,引导词不可省略,确保句式完整。
3 转换句:We spent our holiday in a small town, which is surrounded by mountains. 或 We spent our holiday in a small town, where is surrounded by mountains.(×,错误示范,解析中说明)
正确解析:① 加逗号:在 small town 后和从句末尾加逗号;② 引导词调整:先行词为物(town),从句 “is surrounded by mountains” 缺主语,故用 which(关系代词),不可用 where(关系副词需从句完整);③ 避坑:避免误将 which 改为 where,关键是分析从句成分 —— 缺主语需用关系代词,不缺成分才用关系副词。
4 转换句:My friend Tom, who is good at playing the piano, will perform at the party.
解析:① 加逗号:Tom 为先行词(同位语 friend Tom),在 Tom 后和从句末尾加逗号;② 引导词调整:先行词为人,非限从用 who 替代 that;③ 特点:先行词含同位语时,非限从修饰先行词本身,逗号需紧跟先行词 Tom,避免割裂同位语关系。
5 转换句:The dictionary, which my mother gave me as a birthday gift, is very useful.
解析:① 加逗号:在 dictionary 后和从句末尾加逗号;② 引导词调整:先行词为物,非限从将 that 改为 which;③ 补充:从句中 which 作 gave 的直接宾语(my mother gave me which),但非限从引导词不可省略,必须保留 which,符合 “非限从引导词不可省略” 的规则。
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模块
2
it 的用法(期末重点・高考高频)
)
一、核心语法框架
语法功能
具体分类
核心规则
典型例句
考点提示
指代功能
指代具体事物(前文单数 / 不可数)
指代前文提到的同一单数名词或不可数名词,避免重复
① I bought a book yesterday. It is very interesting.(指代前文的 a book) weather is cold, but I like it.(指代不可数名词 weather)
不可指代前文复数名词(复数需用 they/them)
指代抽象概念(天气 / 时间 / 距离)
无具体指代对象,仅作形式主语,描述客观情况
① It is raining heavily outside.(天气) It is 8 o’clock now.(时间)③ It is two kilometers from my home to school.(距离)
此类用法中 it 不可省略,也无需替换其他代词
形式成分
形式主语
替代不定式、that 从句作主语,避免句子头重脚轻;常用结构:It’s + adj./n. + to do/that 从句
① It is important to learn English well.(替代 to learn English well)② It is a pity that you missed the meeting.(替代 that you missed the meeting)
不可直接将不定式 / 从句置于句首(正式文体除外),需用 it 作形式主语
形式宾语
替代不定式、that 从句作宾语,常用动词:find/think/feel/consider 等;结构:主语 + 动词 + it + adj./n. + to do/that 从句
① I find it easy to finish the task.(替代 to finish the task) She thinks it necessary that we should prepare in advance.(替代 that we should prepare in advance)
动词后不可直接接 adj.+ 不定式 / 从句,必须先加 it 作形式宾语
强调句
基本结构
强调主句中的主语、宾语、状语(时间 / 地点 / 原因等);结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who(仅指人)+ 其余部分
① It was Tom who helped me yesterday.(强调主语 Tom) It is in the park that we will meet.(强调地点状语 in the park)
被强调部分为人时,可用 who 或 that;其他情况仅用 that
疑问 / 否定变形
疑问句:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who...?否定句:It is/was not + 被强调部分 + that/who...
① Was it last week that you visited Beijing?(疑问式,强调时间状语 last week)② It is not money that brings happiness.(否定式,强调主语 money)
变形时仅调整 it is/was 的形态,其余部分语序不变
与定语从句区分
强调句去掉 It is/was...that 后,句子结构完整、语义通顺;定语从句去掉引导词后,句子缺成分
① 强调句:It is the house that I bought last year.(去掉后:I bought the house last year. 完整)② 定语从句:This is the house that I bought last year.(去掉后:This is the house I bought last year. 仍需定语从句修饰,否则语义不完整)
核心区分点:“去掉框架后句子是否完整”
二、高频易错点攻坚
易错类型
核心错误表现
正确示例
错误示例
避坑关键
形式主语 / 宾语遗漏 it
直接将不定式 /that 从句置于句首作主语,或动词后直接接 adj.+ 不定式 / 从句,省略 it
① It is difficult to solve this problem.(形式主语) ② He considers it important that we practice more.(形式宾语)
① 错误:To solve this problem is difficult.(头重脚轻,且不符合高频考点用法) ② 错误:He considers important that we practice more.(遗漏形式宾语 it)
牢记 “不定式 /that 从句作主语→先加 it”“动词 + adj.+ 不定式 / 从句→必加 it”
句式杂糅(形式主语与其他句式混淆)
混淆 it 作形式主语与 as 引导的非限从、there be 句型等
① It is known to all that the earth is round.(it 作形式主语)② As is known to all, the earth is round.(as 引导非限从)
错误:As is known to all that the earth is round.(混合两种句式,既用 as 又用 that)
看到 “as is known/expected” 直接加逗号接主句;看到 “that 从句” 前用 it 作形式主语
强调句与定语从句混淆
误将强调句的 that 改为 which/who(非指人时),或误把定语从句当作强调句
① It is the film that I watched last night.(强调句,用 that)② This is the film that I watched last night.(定语从句,可用 that/which)
错误:It is the film which I watched last night.(强调句非指人,不可用 which)
强调句中除 “被强调部分是人” 外,其余情况必用 that;定语从句中物作宾语可用 that/which
指代前文事物用词错误
指代前文可数单数事物时,混淆 it(同名同物)与 that/one(同名异物)
① I have a pen. It is red.(it 指代前文的同一支笔)② I have a pen. That/One is red.(that/one 指代另一支同类的笔)
错误:I have a pen. That/One is red.(若想指代同一支,误用 that/one)
同名同物(同一事物)用 it;同名异物(同类不同个)用 that/one
强调句否定 / 疑问变形错误
否定时在被强调部分加 not,疑问时颠倒 that/who 后的语序
① It is not his fault that the project failed.(否定式,not 加在 is 后)② Is it your brother who will come tomorrow?(疑问式,仅颠倒 it is 的语序)
① 错误:It is his fault not that the project failed.(not 位置错误)② 错误:It is who your brother will come tomorrow?(语序颠倒错误)
强调句否定:It is/was not + 被强调部分 + that... 强调句疑问:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that...?(其余部分语序不变)
三、即时巩固练习
1.语法填空
1 ______ is obvious that he has made great progress in his studies.
2 I think ______ necessary to communicate with parents regularly.
3 ______ is about ten minutes’ walk from the subway station to the shopping mall.
4 She lost her new umbrella, but luckily ______ was found by a kind stranger.
5 ______ was not until midnight that they finished the difficult task.
6 The film is very moving, and ______ leaves a deep impression on all viewers.
7 ______ is no use complaining about the bad weather; we’d better change our plan.
8 He found ______ hard to adapt to the new school life at first.
参考答案与详细解析
1 答案:It
解析:考点为 it 作形式主语。句子真正主语是 that 从句 “he has made great progress...”,用 it 作形式主语避免头重脚轻,符合 “ It’s + adj. + that 从句” 结构,对应 “形式主语” 核心考点。
2 答案:it
解析:考点为 it 作形式宾语。谓语动词 think 后接 adj.(necessary)+ 不定式(to communicate...),需用 it 作形式宾语替代不定式,符合 “主语 + think + it + adj. + to do” 结构。
3 答案:It
解析:考点为 it 指代抽象概念(距离)。句子描述 “地铁站到商场的距离”,无具体指代对象,用 it 作形式主语,对应 “it 指代距离” 的用法。
4 答案:it
解析:考点为 it 指代前文具体事物。it 指代前文提到的 “her new umbrella”(同一单数事物),避免重复,符合 “it 指代前文单数可数名词” 的规则。
5 答案:It
解析:考点为强调句(not until 句型变形)。强调时间状语 “until midnight”,用强调句结构 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that...”,此处为固定句型 “It was not until...that...”,对应 “强调句否定变形” 考点。
6 答案:it
解析:考点为 it 指代前文抽象概念(指代电影带来的效果)。it 指代前文 “The film is very moving” 这件事,表 “这一点”,符合 “it 指代前文抽象概念” 的用法。
7 答案:It
解析:考点为 it 作形式主语(固定搭配)。固定句型 “It is no use doing sth.”,it 替代动名词短语 “complaining about the bad weather”,作形式主语,对应 “it + 固定名词 + doing” 结构。
8 答案:it
解析:考点为 it 作形式宾语。谓语动词 found 后接 adj.(hard)+ 不定式(to adapt...),用 it 作形式宾语替代不定式,符合 “主语 + find + it + adj. + to do” 结构,避免 “动词 + adj.+ 不定式” 的句式杂糅。
2. 单句改错(5 题,纠强调句 / 形式成分错误)
找出句子中的语法错误并改正,每句仅 1 处错误。
1 As is known to all that honesty is the best policy.
2 It is the monitor who we should learn from him.
3 I consider important that we should respect our teachers.
4 It was in the classroom where we had the important meeting yesterday.
5 It is not because he is lazy why he failed the exam.
参考答案与详细解析
1 错误:As → 改正:It 或 去掉 that,在 all 后加逗号
解析:考点为句式杂糅(形式主语与 as 非限从混淆)。原句混合了 “it 作形式主语” 和 “as 引导非限从” 两种结构,两种改法均符合语法:① 用 It 作形式主语,对应 “It is known to all that...”;
② 保留 As,去掉 that,改为 “As is known to all, honesty is the best policy”(as 非限从 + 主句),避免句式杂糅。
错误:去掉 him
2 解析:考点为强调句冗余错误。句子为强调句,结构为 “It is + 被强调部分(the monitor)+ who + 其余部分”,who 已在从句中作 from 的宾语(we should learn from who),再用 him 重复指代,导致成分冗余,故删除 him。
错误:在 consider 后加 it
3 解析:考点为形式宾语遗漏 it。谓语动词 consider 后接 adj.(important)+ that 从句,需用 it 作形式宾语替代 that 从句,符合 “主语 + consider + it + adj. + that 从句” 结构,避免 “动词 + adj.+that 从句” 的句式杂糅。
4 错误:where → 改正:that
解析:考点为强调句与定语从句混淆。句子为强调句,被强调部分是地点状语 “in the classroom”,强调句中除被强调部分为人外,其余情况均用 that 引导,不可用 where(where 是定语从句的关系副词),符合 “强调句引导词 that 的用法”。
5 错误:why → 改正:that
解析:考点为强调句引导词错误。句子为强调句,被强调部分是原因状语 “because he is lazy”,强调句固定用 that 引导其余部分,不可用 why,符合 “强调句无论强调何种状语,均用 that/who(指人)引导” 的规则。
3.句型改写(普通句→强调句)
将下列普通句改为强调句,强调括号内的部分,保持句意不变。
1 We held a wonderful party in the school hall last Friday.(in the school hall)
2 She decided to study abroad because of her parents’ encouragement.(because of her parents’ encouragement)
3 Tom has donated a lot of money to the poor children.(Tom)
4 I realized my mistake after talking with my teacher.(after talking with my teacher)
5 They will finish the project in three months.(in three months)
参考答案与详细解析
1 强调句:It was in the school hall that we held a wonderful party last Friday.
解析:① 确定强调部分:地点状语 “in the school hall”;② 套用强调句结构 “It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分”;③ 注意:原句时态为一般过去时,故用 was,其余部分语序不变,符合 “强调句时态与原句一致” 的规则。
2 强调句:It was because of her parents’ encouragement that she decided to study abroad.
解析:① 确定强调部分:原因状语 “because of her parents’ encouragement”;② 套用结构 “It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分”;③ 避坑:强调原因状语时,不可用 why 替代 that,符合 “强调句引导词规则”。
3 强调句:It is Tom who/that has donated a lot of money to the poor children.
解析:① 确定强调部分:主语 “Tom”(人);② 套用结构 “It is + 被强调部分 + who/that + 其余部分”;③ 注意:原句时态为现在完成时,故用 is,被强调部分为人,可用 who 或 that,符合 “强调人时引导词选择” 的考点。
4 强调句:It was after talking with my teacher that I realized my mistake.
解析:① 确定强调部分:时间状语 “after talking with my teacher”;② 套用结构 “It was + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分”;③ 原句时态为一般过去时,故用 was,其余部分语序不变,避免 “颠倒其余部分语序” 的错误。
5 强调句:It is in three months that they will finish the project.
解析:① 确定强调部分:时间状语 “in three months”;② 套用结构 “It is + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分”;③ 原句时态为一般将来时,强调句中仍用 is(一般将来时的强调句无需改为 will be),符合 “强调句时态与原句一致” 的规则。
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模块
3
副词专项(期末基础・提分关键)
)
一、核心语法框架
核心模块
具体分类
核心规则 / 高频词汇
典型例句
考点提示
分类(按功能)
方式副词
表动作执行方式,高频词:quickly(快速地)、carefully(仔细地)、happily(开心地)、badly(糟糕地)、well(好地)
① She sings happily.(修饰动词 sings) did the work carefully.(修饰动词 did)
多数由 “形容词 + ly” 构成,少数为不规则变化(如 good→well)
程度副词
表动作 / 状态的程度,高频词:very(非常)、too(太)、so(如此)、quite(相当)、almost(几乎)、nearly(将近)
① This book is very interesting.(修饰形容词 interesting)② He almost missed the bus.(修饰动词 missed)
可修饰形容词、副词或动词,位置需结合修饰对象调整
频率副词
表动作发生频率,高频词:always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时)、seldom(很少)、never(从不)、ever(曾经)、already(已经)、yet(尚未)
① She is always late for class.(be 动词后) often plays basketball after school.(实义动词前)
位置是高频考点,需牢记 “be 后实前” 规则
时间副词
表动作发生时间,高频词:today(今天)、yesterday(昨天)、tomorrow(明天)、now(现在)、then(那时)、recently(最近)、lately(最近)
① We will meet tomorrow.(句末)② Now we are ready.(句首)
可放句首、句中或句末,放句首时常用逗号分隔
地点副词
表动作发生地点,高频词:here(这里)、there(那里)、everywhere(到处)、somewhere(某处)、abroad(在国外)
① Please come here.(修饰动词 come,句末)>② He traveled abroad last year.(修饰动词 traveled,句末)
多修饰动词,放句末或动词后,无需介词搭配(如 “去那里”→go there,非 go to there)
用法(修饰对象)
修饰动词
位置:多放动词后(或宾语后),少数可放句首
① They run quickly.(动词后) She speaks English well.(宾语后)
方式、地点、时间副词多修饰动词,遵循 “后位原则”
修饰形容词 / 副词
位置:放被修饰词前面(程度副词专属用法)
① The film is too boring.(修饰形容词 boring,放前)② He runs so fast.(修饰副词 fast,放前)
不可放被修饰词后(错误:interesting very),程度副词是核心考查对象
修饰全句
位置:放句首(用逗号分隔)或句末
① Luckily, he passed the exam.(句首,修饰全句) He will come, perhaps.(句末,修饰全句)
常用副词:luckily(幸运地)、unfortunately(不幸地)、probably(可能地)
级的变化
规则变化
1. 单音节副词:直接加 er(比较级)/est(最高级); 多音节副词:前加 more(比较级)/most(最高级); 以 ly 结尾的副词:前加 more/most
① fast→faster→fastest(快地) carefully→more carefully→most carefully(仔细地)③ quickly→more quickly→most quickly(快速地)
注意:early(早地)是单音节副词,变化为 earlier→earliest(非 more early)
不规则变化
高频词:good/well→better→best(好地)adly→worse→worst(糟糕地)much/many→more→most(多地)less→least(少地)
① He sings better than me.(比较级) This is the best I can do.(最高级)③ She did worse in the exam.(比较级)
不规则变化是期末高频考点,需单独记忆
二、高频易错点攻坚
易错类型
核心错误表现
正确示例
错误示例
避坑关键
易混副词辨析
混淆含义相近但用法不同的副词
① He works hard.(hard:努力地,修饰动词)>② He hardly works.(hardly:几乎不,表频率)>③ She came late.(late:晚地,表时间)④ I haven’t seen her lately.(lately:最近,表时间)⑤ I have already finished my homework.(already:肯定句,已完成) you finished your homework yet?(yet:疑问句,尚未)
① 错误:He works hardly.(想表达 “努力” 却用了 “几乎不”)错误:She came lately.(想表达 “来晚了” 却用了 “最近”)③ 错误:I have yet finished my homework.(肯定句误用 yet)
牢记三组核心易混词:(努力)≠ hardly(几乎不)late(晚)≠ lately(最近)already(肯定 / 句中)≠ yet(否定 / 疑问 / 句末)
副词与形容词修饰对象混淆
用副词修饰名词,或用形容词修饰动词
① 快速的跑→run quickly(副词修饰动词)② 一本有趣的书→an interesting book(形容词修饰名词)③ 她唱歌很好→She sings well(副词 well 修饰动词)
① 错误:quick run(用形容词 quick 修饰名词 run,应为 quickly run 或 a quick run)错误:She sings good(用形容词 good 修饰动词 sings,应为 well)
牢记:形容词 + 名词(adj.+n.)副词 + 动词 / 形容词 / 副词(adv.+v./adj./adv.)
频率副词位置错误
频率副词放 be 动词前或实义动词后
① He is often late.(be 动词后)② She often goes to the library.(实义动词前) They have never been there.(助动词后,实义动词前)
① 错误:He often is late.(be 动词前误用)② 错误:She goes often to the library.(实义动词后误用)
核心规则:be 动词 / 助动词后,实义动词前 sometimes 可放句首 / 句中 / 句末)
副词级的变化错误
不规则副词按规则变化,或多音节副词直接加 er/est
① well→better(比较级),非 gooder② badly→worse(比较级),非 badliermore carefully(比较级),非 carefullier
① 错误:He sings gooder than me.(good 的副词形式是 well,比较级为 better)错误:She works carefullier than him.(多音节副词需加 more)
单独记忆不规则变化副词;多音节副词(含 ly 结尾)统一用 more/most
地点副词冗余介词
地点副词前加多余介词
① 去那里→go there(there 是地点副词,无需 to)② 回家→go home(home 是地点副词,无需 to)
① 错误:go to there 错误:go to home
常见地点副词(here/there/home/abroad)前不加介词;若为名词(如 the park),需加介词(go to the park)
三、即时巩固练习
1. 语法填空(5 题,练副词形式 / 位置)
1 She completed the task ______ (careful) because it was very important.(选择性必修 1 高频词)
2 My brother runs ______ (fast) than any other student in his class.
3 We ______ (seldom) see such beautiful scenery in big cities.(选择性必修 2 高频词)
4 This math problem is ______ difficult that no one in our group could solve it.
5 ______ (luck), we arrived at the airport on time despite the heavy rain.
参考答案与详细解析
1 答案:carefully
解析:考点为形容词变副词(修饰动词)。括号内 careful 为形容词,需修饰谓语动词 completed,故变副词 carefully(形容词 + ly 规则变化),符合 “副词修饰动词放其后” 的用法。
2 答案:faster
解析:考点为副词比较级(规则变化)。句中 than 提示用比较级,fast 为单音节副词,直接加 er 变 faster,对应 “单音节副词比较级直接加 er” 的规则。
3 答案:seldom
解析:考点为频率副词位置。seldom 是选择性必修 2 高频频率副词,句中谓语为实义动词 see,遵循 “实义动词前” 规则,直接填入原形即可。
4 答案:so
解析:考点为程度副词用法。结合后文 that 从句,构成 “so+adj.+that...”(如此…… 以至于……)固定结构,so 为程度副词,修饰形容词 difficult,符合 “程度副词修饰形容词放其前” 的规则。
5 答案:Luckily
解析:考点为形容词变副词(修饰全句)。括号内 luck 为名词,需修饰全句 “及时到达机场”,故先变形容词 lucky,再变副词 luckily(名词→形容词→副词变化),放句首用逗号分隔,符合 “修饰全句的副词放句首” 的用法。
二、单句改错(5 题,纠形副误用)
1 He is a very carefully student who always checks his homework twice.(选择性必修 1 高频词)
2 The teacher spoke slow so that all the students could follow him.(选择性必修 2 高频词)
3 She sings very good and won first prize in the school competition.
4 This is a quick solved problem; you can finish it in five minutes.
5 We are extreme proud of our team’s achievement in the national contest.(选择性必修 1 高频词)
参考答案与详细解析
1 错误:carefully → 改正:careful
解析:考点为形容词修饰名词。句中修饰名词 student,需用形容词 careful,而非副词 carefully,符合 “形容词 + 名词” 的搭配规则,避免 “副词修饰名词” 的高频错误。
2 错误:slow → 改正:slowly
解析:考点为副词修饰动词。句中修饰谓语动词 spoke,需用副词 slowly(形容词 slow+ly 变化),符合 “副词修饰动词放其后” 的用法,对应选择性必修 2 “副词用法” 重点。
3 错误:good → 改正:well
解析:考点为不规则副词用法。句中修饰动词 sings,需用副词 well(good 的副词形式,不规则变化),避免 “用形容词修饰动词” 的错误,是期末高频丢分点。
4 错误:quick → 改正:quickly
解析:考点为副词修饰过去分词。句中 solved 为过去分词(作定语修饰 problem),需用副词 quickly 修饰,表 “被快速解决的”,符合 “副词修饰分词” 的用法,避免 “形容词修饰分词” 的错误。
5 错误:extreme → 改正:extremely
解析:考点为副词修饰形容词。句中修饰形容词 proud,需用副词 extremely(形容词 extreme+ly 变化),符合 “程度副词修饰形容词放其前” 的规则,extreme 是选择性必修 1 高频词,需重点掌握其副词形式。
三、选词填空(5 题,选易混副词)
从括号内选择合适的副词填空,每词仅用一次,有多余选项。
选项(易混副词组,均为选择性必修 1-2 高频词)
hard/hardly、late/lately、already/yet、quite/very、almost/nearly
1 My father works ______ every day to support our family, so he ______ has time to relax.
2 Have you finished reading the novel ______? Our literature class will discuss it tomorrow.
3 I haven’t seen my cousin ______; I wonder how she is getting on with her study in college.
4 The film is ______ interesting, and I have ______ watched it three times.
5 He ______ missed the train because of the traffic jam, but he arrived at the station just in time.
参考答案与详细解析
1 答案:hard;hardly
解析:考点为 hard 与 hardly 辨析。第一空修饰动词 works,表 “努力地”,用 hard;第二空表 “几乎不”,用 hardly,符合 “hard(努力地)≠ hardly(几乎不)” 的易混点,均为选择性必修 1 高频词。
2 答案:yet
解析:考点为 already 与 yet 辨析。句子为疑问句,表 “尚未完成”,用 yet(疑问句放句末);already 用于肯定句,表 “已经”,故排除,符合 “yet 用于否定 / 疑问句” 的规则。
3 答案:lately
解析:考点为 late 与 lately 辨析。句中表 “最近”,用 lately(时间副词);late 表 “晚地”,不符合句意,对应 “late(晚)≠ lately(最近)” 的易混点,是选择性必修 2 高频考点。
4 答案:quite;already
解析:第一空修饰形容词 interesting,表 “相当有趣”,用 quite(程度副词,语气比 very 温和);第二空为肯定句,表 “已经看了三次”,用 already(放句中),符合 “already 用于肯定句” 的规则。
5 答案:almost
解析:考点为 almost 与 nearly 辨析。句中表 “几乎错过火车”,almost 可用于 “almost + 动词” 结构,nearly 虽含义相近,但此处与 missed 搭配更常用 almost;且 almost 可修饰否定含义的动词(missed),nearly 较少这样用,符合两者用法差异。
(
模块
4
名词固定短语(期末积累・适配完形 / 写作)
)
模块 7
1、 核心短语梳理(按搭配分类,选择性必修 1-2 高频)
搭配类型
核心短语(教材高频)
中文释义
典型例句(贴合教材语境)
教材关联提示
名词 + 介词
advantage of(优势)
…… 的优势
We should make good use of the advantage of online learning.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 数字化学习)
必修 1 重点搭配,常与 take/make use of 连用
contribution to(贡献)
对…… 的贡献
His research made a great contribution to environmental protection.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4 环保主题)
必修 2 高频写作短语,介词 to 不可替换
solution to(解决方案)
对…… 的解决方案
The government put forward a practical solution to air pollution.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4 环保主题)
必修 2 阅读高频词,后接问题类名词
difference between(差异)
…… 之间的差异
She explained the difference between traditional and modern education.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1 教育话题)
必修 1 语法填空常考,between 后接复数名词 / 代词
access to(使用权限;接近)
进入……;使用…… 的权利
Students have free access to the school library.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 校园资源)
必修 1 重点短语,to 为介词,后接名词 / 动名词
介词 + 名词
in need(需要帮助的)
在困难中;需要帮助
We should offer help to those in need.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5 社会责任)
必修 2 完形填空高频短语,常作后置定语
on purpose(故意地)
故意;有意地
He didn’t make the mistake by chance—he did it on purpose.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2 人际交往)
必修 1 单句改错常考,与 by chance 对比
by chance(偶然地)
偶然;碰巧
I met my former teacher by chance on the street yesterday.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2 人际交往)
必修 1 语法填空高频,与 on purpose 互为反义短语
at present(目前;现在)
目前;当下
At present, more and more people pay attention to mental health.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5 健康话题)
必修 2 写作常用开头短语,可替换 now
in addition(此外;另外)
此外;补充
The project is practical, and in addition, it is cost-effective.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 项目设计)
必修 1 写作衔接短语,后接句子或 in addition to + 名词
名词 + 名词
traffic jam(交通堵塞)
交通堵塞
We were late for the meeting because of a serious traffic jam.(选择性必修 2 Unit 1 城市交通)
必修 2 阅读高频名词短语,为复合名词结构
environment protection(环境保护)
环境保护
Environment protection has become a global issue.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4 环保主题)
必修 2 核心写作话题,可替换为 environmental protection
time management(时间管理)
时间管理
Good time management helps us balance study and rest.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1 学习方法)
必修 1 学习策略话题,为名词作定语结构
online platform(在线平台)
在线平台
We communicated with our teammates through an online platform.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3 团队合作)
必修 1 数字化学习话题,高频出现于阅读和写作
cultural heritage(文化遗产)
文化遗产
We should take measures to protect cultural heritage.(选择性必修 2 Unit 3 文化话题)
必修 2 文化类阅读核心短语,写作常考
二、高频易错点攻坚
易错类型
核心错误表现
正确示例(教材语境)
错误示例
避坑关键(教材衔接)
固定搭配介词误用
替换核心短语中的固定介词
① He made a great contribution to charity.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)② She found a solution to the problem.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4) discussed the difference between the two plans.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1)
① 错误:He made a great contribution for charity.(to 不可换 for)② 错误:She found a solution for the problem.(to 不可换 for)③ 错误:We discussed the difference among the two plans.(between 不可换 among,两者用 between)
牢记选择性必修 1-2 高频短语的固定介词:/solution/key + todifference between(两者)/among(三者及以上)age/benefit + of
形近短语含义 / 用法混淆
混淆含义相近或结构相似的短语
① Take care of your little sister when I’m out.(照顾,选择性必修 1 Unit 2) Take care not to make mistakes in the exam.(小心,选择性必修 1 Unit 1) Take an umbrella in case it rains.(万一,接句子,选择性必修 2 Unit 5)④ In case of fire, call 119 immediately.(万一,接名词,选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
① 错误:Take care your little sister when I’m out.(缺 of,照顾需加 of)② 错误:Take care of not to make mistakes.(小心无需加 of)③ 错误:Take an umbrella in case of it rains.(in case of 后接名词,不可接句子)>④ 错误:In case fire, call 119 immediately.(in case 后接句子,接名词需加 of)
1. 带 of 表 “动作对象”:take care of(照顾某人 / 物);无 of 表 “提醒”:take care(小心);2. in case 是连词,后接完整句子;in case of 是介词短语,后接名词 / 代词(选择性必修 2 Unit 5 安全话题重点)
名词 + 名词结构错误
误加形容词后缀或介词
① Traffic jam is a common problem in big cities.(选择性必修 2 Unit 1)>② Environment protection is everyone’s responsibility.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
① 错误:Traffic jamming is a common problem.(无需变动名词)错误:Environment’s protection is everyone’s responsibility.(无需加所有格)
选择性必修 1-2 中的名词 + 名词短语,前一个名词作定语表 “类别 / 用途”,直接用原形,无需加介词、所有格或变形(如 time management、online platform)
介词 + 名词短语冗余介词
在固定短语中额外加介词
① Those in need should be cared for.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)② He did it on purpose, not by chance.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2)
① 错误:Those in the need should be cared for.(in need 无需加 the)② 错误:He did it on the purpose.(on purpose 无需加 the)
牢记选择性必修 1-2 中 “介词 + 名词” 短语的零冠词用法:in need、on purpose、by chance、at present,不可额外加 the/a/an
三、即时巩固练习
1.短语填空(5 题,补介词 / 名词)
1 We should try our best to make a greater contribution ______ environmental protection.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
2 The teacher explained the difference ______ the two chemical experiments clearly.(选择性必修 1 Unit 1)
3 Students in this school have free access ______ the latest digital resources.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3)
4 ______ present, many young people are interested in learning traditional Chinese culture.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
5 In addition ______ reading, we should also practice speaking English every day.(选择性必修 1 Unit 3)
参考答案与详细解析
1 答案:to
解析:考点为 “名词 + 介词” 固定搭配。contribution 后接介词 to 是选择性必修 2 Unit 4 高频考点,表 “对…… 的贡献”,介词 to 不可替换为 for,符合 “固定搭配不可换介词” 的规则。
2 答案:between
解析:考点为 “名词 + 介词” 搭配。difference 后接 between(两者之间)、among(三者及以上),句中 “the two chemical experiments” 为两者,故填 between,对应选择性必修 1 Unit 1 “差异表达” 重点。
3 答案:to
解析:考点为 “名词 + 介词” 固定搭配。access to 是选择性必修 1 Unit 3 核心短语,表 “使用…… 的权利”,to 为介词,后接名词 / 动名词,属于 “固定介词不可替换” 的高频考点。
4 答案:At
解析:考点为 “介词 + 名词” 固定短语。at present 是选择性必修 2 Unit 5 写作常用短语,表 “目前”,首字母需大写,且不可加多余冠词(如 the),符合 “介词 + 名词零冠词用法”。
5 答案:to
解析:考点为形近短语辨析。in addition(此外,接句子)与 in addition to(除…… 之外,接名词 / 动名词)是选择性必修 1 Unit 3 重点,句中后接 reading(动名词),故填 to,避免遗漏介词。
二、单句改错(5 题,纠短语搭配错误)
1 The government has found a practical solution for the problem of water shortage.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
2 She made a great contribution for the development of the local community.(选择性必修 2 Unit 4)
3 Take care your belongings when you are traveling alone.(选择性必修 1 Unit 2)
4 In case of it rains, we will postpone the outdoor activity.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
5 Those in the need can apply for financial support from the school.(选择性必修 2 Unit 5)
参考答案与详细解析
1 错误:for → 改正:to
解析:考点为 “名词 + 介词” 固定搭配。solution 后接介词 to 是选择性必修 2 Unit 4 核心考点,表 “对…… 的解决方案”,不可替换为 for,属于 “固定介词误用” 的高频错误。
2 错误:for → 改正:to
解析:考点为 “名词 + 介词” 固定搭配。contribution to 是选择性必修 2 Unit 4 写作高频短语,介词 to 不可换 for,符合 “固定搭配不可随意换介词” 的规则。
3 错误:Take care 后加 of → 改正:Take care of
解析:考点为形近短语辨析。take care(小心,接句子)与 take care of(照顾 / 保管,接名词)是选择性必修 1 Unit 2 重点,句中后接 your belongings(名词),需加 of,避免遗漏介词。
4 错误:去掉 of → 改正:In case
解析:考点为形近短语用法混淆。in case(连词,接句子)与 in case of(介词短语,接名词)是选择性必修 2 Unit 5 易错点,句中后接完整句子 “it rains”,故去掉 of,符合 “连词接句子” 的规则。
5 错误:去掉 the → 改正:in need
解析:考点为 “介词 + 名词” 零冠词用法。in need 是选择性必修 2 Unit 5 高频短语,表 “需要帮助的”,不可加多余冠词 the,属于 “短语冗余冠词” 的常见错误。
三、写作应用(5 题,用 2-3 个短语写简单句子)
1 话题:环保(选择性必修 2 Unit 4);指定短语:contribution to、environment protection
2 话题:学习方法(选择性必修 1 Unit 1);指定短语:advantage of、time management
3 话题:校园资源(选择性必修 1 Unit 3);指定短语:access to、online platform
4 话题:人际交往(选择性必修 1 Unit 2);指定短语:by chance、take care of
5 话题:社会责任(选择性必修 2 Unit 5);指定短语:in need、in addition
参考答案与解析
1 参考句子:Every citizen can make a small contribution to environment protection by reducing plastic use.
解析:结合选择性必修 2 Unit 4 环保话题,用 “contribution to”(对…… 的贡献)和 “environment protection”(环境保护)构建句子,符合 “短语 + 具体行动” 的写作逻辑,适用于环保类作文开头或分论点。
2 参考句子:We can make good use of the advantage of time management to improve our study efficiency.
解析:贴合选择性必修 1 Unit 1 学习方法话题,用 “advantage of”(…… 的优势)和 “time management”(时间管理)衔接,体现 “利用优势提升效率” 的核心,适用于学习策略类写作。
3 参考句子:Thanks to the school’s online platform, students have easy access to a lot of learning materials.
解析:紧扣选择性必修 1 Unit 3 校园资源话题,用 “access to”(使用权限)和 “online platform”(在线平台)构建因果关系,符合教材中 “数字化学习” 的语境,可用于校园生活类作文。
4 参考句子:I met my old classmate by chance in the supermarket and promised to take care of her pet when she is away.
解析:结合选择性必修 1 Unit 2 人际交往话题,用 “by chance”(偶然地)和 “take care of”(照顾)串联事件,句式自然,适用于记叙文或日常交流类写作。
5 参考句子:We should offer help to those in need, and in addition, we can organize volunteer activities to spread love.
解析:贴合选择性必修 2 Unit 5 社会责任话题,用 “in need”(需要帮助的)和 “in addition”(此外)衔接 “帮助他人” 和 “组织活动”,体现递进关系,适用于社会责任类作文分论点。
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模块
5
语法综合突破(跨模块・适配期末刷题)
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一、跨模块易混点辨析(整合核心,避混淆)
易混成对
核心辨析维度
典型示例(正确用法)
易混点对比解析
避坑关键(一句话总结)
定语从句 vs it 强调句
1. 句式完整性(去掉引导词 / 强调框架后是否完整);2. 引导词功能(修饰先行词 vs 无实义,仅搭框架)
▶ 定语从句:This is the park that we visited last week. 去掉 that:This is the park we visited last week. 缺定语修饰,语义不完整)▶ 强调句:It is the park that we visited last week. 去掉 It is/that:We visited the park last week. 句式完整,语义通顺)
- 定语从句:有先行词(the park),that/who/which 是关系词,修饰先行词,从句是主句必要组成部分;- 强调句:无先行词,It is/was...that 是固定框架,仅突出被强调部分(the park),去掉框架后句子独立成立
去掉 “that/who/which”(定语从句)或 “ It is/was...that”(强调句),能独立成句的是强调句,反之是定语从句
have/get 结构 vs 非谓语动词
1. 主语与动作的关系(主动执行 vs 让他人执行 / 被动承受); 结构功能(表 “使役 / 被动” vs 表 “主动 / 目的 / 伴随”)
▶ have/get 结构:① I had my hair cut yesterday.(让他人剪,主语是动作承受者)② We must get the work finished by Friday.(使工作被完成,被动含义)非谓语动词:>① I plan to cut my hair this weekend.(自己剪,主语是动作执行者) Finishing the work on time is important.(主动完成,表动作本身)
- have/get 结构:主语通常不直接执行动作,表 “让别人做”(have sth done)或 “使某事被做”(get sth done),隐含被动 / 使役;- 非谓语动词(to do/doing/done):主语多是动作执行者(to do/doing)或承受者(done),直接表动作的目的、伴随或状态,无 “让他人做” 的含义
表 “让别人做 / 某事被做” 用 have/get sth done;表 “自己做 / 动作目的 / 伴随” 用非谓语动词
used to/would vs 时态搭配
1. 语境含义(是否强调 “现在已改变”);2. 搭配范围(是否可接状态动词 / 动作动词)
▶ used to:① She used to live in Paris.(现在不住了,表状态改变) He used to be quiet.(接状态动词 be,表过去的状态,现在已变)▶ would:① When I was a child, I would play football after school.(仅表过去习惯性动作,不强调现在是否改变)② My grandma would tell me stories before bed.(接动作动词,表过去反复的动作)▶ 一般过去时(时态搭配对比):① She lived in Paris for 5 years.(仅陈述过去事实,无 “现在改变” 的隐含意义)
- used to:核心是 “过去曾经,现在不再”,可接动作动词或状态动词,强调 “今昔对比”; would:仅表 “过去习惯性、反复性的动作”,不接状态动词(不可说 would be quiet),不强调现在是否改变;一般过去时:单纯陈述过去发生的动作或状态,无 “习惯” 或 “今昔对比” 的含义
强调 “过去有,现在没了” 用 used to;仅表 “过去常做某事” 用 would(接动作动词);单纯陈述过去事实用一般过去时
二、高考适配真题片段
1. 语法填空
Cultural heritage is a precious gift from our ancestors, and protecting it is a responsibility for everyone. There was a time 1. ______ many ancient buildings were in danger of disappearing. 2. ______ is reported that a group of young volunteers have made great contributions 3. ______ their protection. They created an online platform 4. ______ people can share information about cultural relics.
These volunteers 5. ______ (seldom) take breaks because they are 6. ______ (extreme) devoted to the work. They believe that good time management is of great advantage 7. ______ completing the task efficiently. Last month, they had a historic temple 8. ______ (repair) by professional workers—this is quite different from 9. ______ (do) the work themselves. Now, more and more people have access 10. ______ the information about cultural heritage protection, and this helps a lot in raising public awareness.
参考答案与详细解析
1. 答案:when
解析:考点为定语从句(关系副词)。先行词 a time 为时间名词,从句 “many ancient buildings were in danger...” 主谓宾完整,缺时间状语,故填 when,对应 “时间先行词 + 完整从句→用 when” 的核心考点。
2. 答案:It
解析:考点为 it 作形式主语。固定句式 “It is reported that...”,it 替代后面的 that 从句,避免头重脚轻,对应 it 的形式主语用法。
3. 答案:to
解析:考点为短语固定搭配(名词 + 介词)。contribution to 为选择性必修 2 高频短语,表 “对…… 的贡献”,介词 to 不可替换,符合 “固定搭配不可换介词” 的规则。
4. 答案:where
解析:考点为定语从句(关系副词)。先行词 an online platform 为地点类名词,从句 “people can share information...” 主谓宾完整,缺地点状语,故填 where,衔接定语从句核心考点。
5. 答案:seldom
解析:考点为频率副词位置。seldom 为选择性必修 2 高频频率副词,修饰实义动词 take,遵循 “实义动词前” 的规则,直接填原形。
6. 答案:extremely
解析:考点为形容词变副词(修饰形容词)。extreme 为形容词,需修饰形容词 devoted,故变副词 extremely,符合 “副词修饰形容词放其前” 的用法。
7. 答案:to
解析:考点为短语固定搭配(名词 + 介词)。advantage of 表 “…… 的优势”,advantage to 表 “对…… 有优势”,此处结合句意 “时间管理对高效完成任务有优势”,填 to,对应短语多维搭配考点。
8. 答案:repaired
解析:考点为 have/get 结构(使役 / 被动)。have sth done 表 “让他人做某事”,temple 与 repair 为被动关系,故填过去分词 repaired,区别于非谓语动词的主动用法。
9. 答案:doing
解析:考点为非谓语动词(动名词作宾语)。from 为介词,后接动名词作宾语,故填 doing,体现 “介词 + 动名词” 的非谓语核心用法。
10. 答案:to
解析:考点为短语固定搭配(名词 + 介词)。access to 为选择性必修 1 高频短语,表 “使用…… 的权利”,介词 to 为固定搭配,不可替换。
二、单句改错(跨模块错题整合)
1. It is the ancient town where we spent our happy childhood that holds many memories.(定语从句 vs 强调句)
2. My mother has my clothes wash every weekend because she is too busy to do it herself.(have/get 结构 vs 非谓语)
3. He used to be a doctor and would work in a hospital in the countryside for 10 years.(used to/would vs 时态)
4. The solution for the environmental problem requires the joint efforts of the whole society.(短语介词搭配)
5. She works hardly every day to improve her English, but she still finds it difficult to communicate with foreigners.(易混副词)
参考答案与详细解析
1. 错误:where → 改正:that/which
解:考点为定语从句 vs 强调句辨析。句子为强调句,结构为 “It is + 被强调部分(the ancient town)+ that + 其余部分”,被强调部分后接定语从句修饰 town,从句中 spent 缺宾语,故用 that/which,而非关系副词 where;去掉强调框架 “It is/that” 后,句子为 “The ancient town that we spent our happy childhood holds many memories”,语义完整,符合强调句判断规则。
2. 错误:wash → 改正:washed
解析:考点为 have/get 结构用法。have sth done 表 “让他人做某事”,clothes 与 wash 为被动关系,故填 washed;若用非谓语动词表主动,需改为 “has me wash”(让我洗),此处结合句意 “让别人洗”,故用 have sth done 结构。
3. 错误:would → 改正:去掉 would(或改为 and he worked)
解析:考点为 used to/would vs 时态搭配。used to 表 “过去曾经,现在不再”,would 仅表 “过去习惯性动作”,且不可接持续时间状语(for 10 years);此处陈述过去持续的事实,需用一般过去时,故去掉 would,或补充主语后用 worked,体现 “单纯陈述过去事实用一般过去时” 的规则。
4. 错误:for → 改正:to
解析:考点为短语固定搭配(名词 + 介词)。solution to 为选择性必修 2 高频短语,表 “对…… 的解决方案”,介词 to 不可替换为 for,属于 “固定搭配介词误用” 的跨模块高频错误。
5. 错误:hardly → 改正:hard
解析:考点为易混副词辨析。hard 表 “努力地”,修饰动词 work;hardly 表 “几乎不”,语义不符;此处需用 hard,体现 “hard vs hardly” 的易混副词核心辨析点,是高考单句改错高频考点。
三、解题技巧总结(授方法,提效率)
1. 定语从句解题技巧:“成分判断法”
核心逻辑:先判是否缺成分,再选引导词
具体解题步骤(4 步走):
1 找先行词:定位从句修饰的核心名词 / 代词(如时间、地点、人、物、抽象概念),明确先行词类型(直接影响引导词选择);
2 析从句成分:剥离从句主干(主谓宾 / 主系表),判断是否缺核心成分(主语、宾语)或修饰成分(状语):
3 缺主语 / 宾语:用关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose),指代人用 who/whom/that,指代物用 that/which,表 “…… 的” 用 whose;
4 不缺主语 / 宾语(缺状语):用关系副词(when/where/why),对应先行词为时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why);
避禁忌规则:结合高频易错点排除错误选项(如非限从不用 that、介词后不用 that、最高级 / 不定代词后只用 that);
验证逻辑:代入引导词通读,确保从句与先行词逻辑通顺(如 where/when 是否符合 “地点 / 时间状语” 含义,that/which 是否准确指代先行词)。
真题适配示例(对应前文语法填空第 4 题):
原句:They created an online platform 4. ______ people can share information about cultural relics.
解题过程:
① 先行词:online platform(地点类名词);
② 从句成分:people(主语)+ can share(谓语)+ information(宾语),主谓宾完整,缺地点状语;
③ 排除禁忌:无禁用情况,地点状语用 where;
④ 验证:“在平台上分享信息” 逻辑通顺,确定答案 where。
易错提醒:
勿因先行词是时间 / 地点就直接选 when/where,关键看从句是否缺状语(如 “the day we spent” 缺宾语,用 that/which,而非 when);
whose 可指代人或物,后接名词(如 “the book whose cover is red”),避免误改为 of which(虽可,但 whose 更简洁)。
二、it 的用法解题技巧:“功能定位法”(快速区分三大场景)
核心逻辑:先辨功能(指代 / 形式 / 强调),再定形式
具体解题步骤(3 步定位):
判功能类型:根据句子结构和语境,锁定 it 的核心功能:
指代功能:句中有明确指代对象(前文单数 / 不可数名词、天气 / 时间 / 距离),无固定句式框架;
形式功能(形式主语 / 宾语):有固定句式(It’s + adj./n. + to do/that 从句;主语 + 动词 + it + adj. + to do/that 从句),it 无实义,替代后面的不定式 / 从句;
强调功能:有固定框架(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余),去掉框架后句子完整通顺;
定具体形式:
指代功能:直接用 it(无需变形),确保指代对象唯一(复数用 they/them);
形式功能:形式主语用 “It + 固定结构 + 真正主语”,形式宾语用 “动词 + it + 补语 + 真正宾语”,不可省略 it;
强调功能:根据原句时态确定 is/was,被强调部分为人可用 who/that,其余用 that,疑问句 / 否定句仅调整 is/was 形态;
避句式杂糅:区分易混结构(如 It is known that...≠ As is known that...;in case≠ in case of)。
真题适配示例(对应前文言法填空第 2 题):
原句:2. ______ is reported that a group of young volunteers have made great contributions...
解题过程:
① 判功能:有固定句式 “It is reported that...”,it 无实义,替代后面的 that 从句,属于形式主语功能;
② 定形式:直接套用句式,填 It;
③ 避杂糅:若误填 As,需去掉 that 并加逗号(As is reported, ...),此处有 that,故确定为 It。
易错提醒:
形式主语 / 宾语不可省略 it(如 “find it necessary”≠ “find necessary”);
强调句与定语从句区分:去掉 It is/was...that 后能独立成句的是强调句(如 “It is the park that we visited”→ “We visited the park” 完整),反之是定语从句。
三、时态题解题技巧:“标志词 + 语境分析法”(精准匹配时态)
核心逻辑:先抓时间标志词,再析语境含义
具体解题步骤(4 步锁定):
找时间标志词:优先定位明确的时间信号(直接决定时态范围):
一般过去时:yesterday/last week/in 2020/just now;
现在完成时:already/yet/since/for + 时间段 /so far;
一般现在时:always/often/usually/every day;
将来时:tomorrow/next month/in the future;
析语境隐含义:无明确标志词时,结合句意判断动作关系(先后、持续、反复、今昔对比):
动作先后:先发生的用完成时(如 “By the time he arrived, we had left”);
持续状态:用完成时 + for/since(如 “He has lived here for 5 years”);
今昔对比:用 used to(过去有,现在无)/ 一般现在时(现在状态);
配主谓一致:根据主语单复数、主谓就近原则调整动词形式(如 there be 句型、neither...nor...);
避时态混用:确保主从句时态一致(如 if 条件句:主将从现;宾语从句:主句过去时,从句相应过去时态)。
真题适配示例(对应前单句改错第 3 题):
原句:He used to be a doctor and would work in a hospital in the countryside for 10 years.
解题过程:
① 找标志词:for 10 years(持续时间标志);
② 析语境:句中表 “过去持续 10 年的工作经历”,仅陈述过去事实,无 “习惯性动作”(would 表反复动作,不接持续时间);
③ 定时态:应用一般过去时,去掉 would 或补充主语改为 and he worked;
④ 避错误:used to 表 “现在不再是医生”,与后面的持续工作经历不冲突,但 would 不可接 for + 时间段,故修正。
易错提醒:
现在完成时不可与明确过去时间词连用(如 “have seen yesterday” 错误,需改为 saw);
used to vs would:used to 可接状态动词(be/like)和动作动词,强调今昔对比;would 仅接动作动词,表过去反复动作,不接持续时间。
四.补充:短语搭配题解题技巧(联动前模块)
核心逻辑:“固定搭配 + 语境验证”(避免介词误用)
记核心搭配:优先牢记 “名词 + 介词”“介词 + 名词” 固定组合(如 contribution to/solution to/access to),不随意替换介词;
析语境需求:根据句意判断短语含义(如 in case 接句子 /in case of 接名词;take care 表提醒 /take care of 接宾语);
避冗余 / 遗漏:固定短语无额外介词(如 in need≠ in the need;on purpose≠ on the purpose),带 of 短语不可漏 of(如 take care of≠ take care)。
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