精品解析：广东省广州市第五中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月段考英语试卷

广州市第五中学2025-2026学年上学期高三年级12月月考试卷 英语学科 本试卷共10页，共120分，考试时长120分钟 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节;满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Recommendations regarding physical activity for different target groups. Note that additional health effects can be achieved if, in addition to these recommendations, the amount of physical activity increases, either by increasing the intensity or duration or a combination of both. Target Group Recommendations Purpose Children and youth Age 6-17years At least 60 minutes of daily physical activity is recommended; Longer is better. The physical activity should be primarily of aerobic (有氧的) in nature and the intensity moderate (easy/medium pulse increase) to high (marked pulse increase). Aerobic physical activity at high intensity at least 3 times per week. Muscle-strengthening physical activity 3 times a week. Weight-bearing activity, such as running and jumping, is positive for bone mineral density. ●Development of muscles and skeletal and nervous system. ●Maintain a healthy weight and a good mental health. ●Social development, integration, good self-esteem, and self-confidence. Enhanced learning ability. Adults Age 18-64 These adults are recommended to be aerobically physically active at least 150 minutes a week at moderate intensity (medium pulse increase), or for more than 75minutes per week at vigorous intensity (marked pulse increase). The activities should be distributed over at least three separate days. Muscle-strengthening physical activity at least twice a week should be performed. Improvements in aerobic work capacity and muscle strength. Lower risk of disease, such as disturbed metabolism (新陈代谢) and certain cancers and bone fractures. Elderly Age >64 Same recommendations as the above adults. Muscle strengthening exercises should be performed at a high speed, if possible. Balance training should be incorporated prior to aerobic and muscle strengthening training. Individuals with impaired ability should perform as much exercise as possible. ●Improvements in aerobic work capacity, muscle strength, and balance. ●Medical advice may be required before starting an exercise program. ●Better functional health and independence. 1. According to the author, how can we benefit more from exercise? A. By avoiding physical contact. B. By lengthening the time of exercise. C. By keeping exercise routines unchanged. D. By seeking medical advice before workout. 2. Which benefit of exercise is specific to children and youth? A. Lowering risk of disease. B. Strengthening muscles. C. Building self-confidence. D. Speeding metabolism. 3. What is recommended for adults’ aerobic exercise? A. Performing it continuously without breaks. B. Exercising at least three days per week. C. Keeping the same intensity all week. D. Doing balance training beforehand. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对不同年龄段的目标群体提出了关于体育活动方面的建议。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Note that additional health effects can be achieved if, in addition to these recommendations, the amount of physical activity increases, either by increasing the intensity or duration or a combination of both.(需要注意的是，若在遵循上述建议的基础上增加体力活动量，例如提高强度或延长活动时间，或二者结合，还能带来额外的健康益处。)”可知，通过延长锻炼时间可以获得更多的益处。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中的“Children and youth Age 6-17years(儿童与青少年（年龄 6 至 17 岁）)”的Purpose的“Social development, integration, good self-esteem, and self-confidence.(社交能力发展、融合、良好的自尊与自信。)”可知，树立自信心是儿童和青少年所特有的运动带来的好处。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中的“Adults Age 18-64(18 至 64 岁的成年人)”的Recommendations的“These adults are recommended to be aerobically physically active at least 150 minutes a week at moderate intensity (medium pulse increase), or for more than 75minutes per week at vigorous intensity (marked pulse increase). The activities should be distributed over at least three separate days.(建议这些成年人每周至少进行150分钟中等强度（脉搏适度增加）或75分钟以上高强度（脉搏明显增加）的有氧运动。活动应分散在至少三天内进行。)”可知，建议成年人每周至少有三天进行有氧运动。故选B。 B At nine years old, I didn’t realize how extraordinary it was for me and my grandmother to travel from our Black neighborhood to the mainly white Revere Beach. While Black families stayed together in one section, rarely venturing out alone, my grandmother stood out — confident and athletic while swimming, unlike the other women worried about their hair or suits. She would carry me on her back into the ocean, moving steadily along the tide. I followed my grandmother’s strong motions, thrilled by the wild sea and her fearlessness. I admired how she seemed born to the water, emerging like a queen — proud, radiant, and benevolent. Summer made our Black bodies more visible and vulnerable against narrow cultural ideals, but my grandmother never noticed. She focused on teaching me to swim — a skill that seemed unnecessary to some, as the popular media never portrayed the “great outdoors” as a welcoming place for Black people. It was seen as a space where we might feel uncomfortable or even threatened. But to me, those perceptions didn’t matter. When I finally learned to swim, it felt like I had unlocked a profound and personal secret of strength and freedom. I once wondered why enslaved Africans didn’t jump from ships near shore and swim to freedom. Later I learned that most coastal waters in West Africa were filled with poisonous fish, making swimming uncommon and dangerous. Now, whenever I enter the ocean, I remember my ancestors for whom the sea was a place of terror rather than freedom. Only after my grandmother’s death did I learn she wasn’t a strong swimmer herself. She had been brushing the ocean floor with her feet all along, keeping us afloat while teaching me rhythm and trust. Her quiet deception was not a lie but a profound act of bravery and courage. Though she hadn’t mastered it herself, my grandmother was determined to teach me to swim — not for the strokes, but for the strength and self-belief that would keep me afloat in life. 4. How was the grandmother different from other women at the beach? A. She stayed with Black families only. B. She avoided getting her hair and suits wet. C. She seemed to swim with ease and strength. D. She stood outside of the swimming section. 5. What does the author realize about African slaves? A. They were poisonous by sea creatures. B. They didn’t enjoy outdoor activities. C. They rarely swam due to natural dangers. D. They could have easily escaped by swimming. 6. Why did the grandmother teach the author to swim? A. To challenge her limits. B. To build her confidence. C. To prepare her for dangers at sea. D. To prove Black people could swim. 7. Which title best suits the passage? A. Overcoming Fears at Revere Beach B. A Summer That Changed My Childhood C. Breaking Self-Doubt and Cultural Bias D. Grandmother’s Empowering Lessons 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆祖母教自己游泳的经历，以及这段经历对作者产生的深远影响。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“At nine years old, I didn’t realize how extraordinary it was for me and my grandmother to travel from our Black neighborhood to the mainly white Revere Beach. While Black families stayed together in one section, rarely venturing out alone, my grandmother stood out — confident and athletic while swimming, unlike the other women worried about their hair or suits. (九岁那年，我还没意识到，我和奶奶从我们居住的黑人社区，前往以白人为主的里维尔海滩，是一件多么不寻常的事。当时黑人家庭都聚在海滩的一个区域，很少有人单独外出，而奶奶却格外显眼 —— 她游泳时自信又矫健，不像其他女性那样顾虑头发或泳衣是否会乱。)”可知，祖母和其他女人不一样，她在游泳时自信且健壮，而其他女人担心自己的头发或衣服。因此，祖母与其他女人的不同之处在于她游泳时显得轻松而有力。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I once wondered why enslaved Africans didn’t jump from ships near shore and swim to freedom. Later I learned that most coastal waters in West Africa were filled with poisonous fish, making swimming uncommon and dangerous. (我曾经想知道为什么被奴役的非洲人没有从靠近岸边的船上跳下来，游到自由的地方。后来我了解到，西非的大部分沿海水域都充满了有毒的鱼，这使得游泳变得不常见且危险。)”可知，作者后来了解到，西非的大部分沿海水域都充满了有毒的鱼，这使得游泳变得不常见且危险，所以非洲奴隶很少游泳是因为自然危险。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Though she hadn’t mastered it herself, my grandmother was determined to teach me to swim — not for the strokes, but for the strength and self-belief that would keep me afloat in life. (虽然祖母自己并没有掌握游泳，但她决心教我游泳——不是为了划水，而是为了让我在生活中保持力量和自信。)”可知，祖母教作者游泳不是为了划水，而是为了让她在生活中保持力量和自信。因此，祖母教作者游泳是为了建立她的自信。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“Her quiet deception was not a lie but a profound act of bravery and courage. Though she hadn’t mastered it herself, my grandmother was determined to teach me to swim — not for the strokes, but for the strength and self-belief that would keep me afloat in life. (她安静的欺骗不是谎言，而是一种深刻的勇敢和勇气行为。虽然祖母自己并没有掌握游泳，但她决心教我游泳——不是为了划水，而是为了让我在生活中保持力量和自信。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者回忆祖母教自己游泳的经历，祖母虽然自己不会游泳，但仍然勇敢地教作者游泳，让她在生活中保持力量和自信，这段经历对作者产生了深远的影响，让她克服了自我怀疑和文化偏见。因此，D选项“Grandmother’s Empowering Lessons (祖母的赋能课)”最能概括文章的主旨。故选D。 C Adding legs to robots that have minimal awareness of the environment around them can help the robots operate more effectively in difficult environment, my colleagues and I found. We were inspired by Claude Shannon’s communication theory, which showed that repeated information can ensure reliability when sending messages through noisy communication channels. We wondered if the same principle could help move goods via robot. That is, if we want to transport goods over “noisy” environment, say fallen trees and large rocks, in a reasonable amount of time, could we do it by just adding legs to the robot and do so without expensive sensors and cameras? Our idea was to forget about sensing altogether and replace it with the simple act of taking repeated steps. Our analysis suggested this could provide reliable and predictable movement. To test our hypothesis, we built robots inspired by centipedes (蜈蚣) and gradually increased their legs from six to sixteen. The more legs we added, the better the robots moved over uneven surfaces. We then tried outdoor tests on real ground. Even without sensors, the many-legged robots showed impressive flexibility. This gives them potential uses in agriculture, space exploration, and search-and-rescue work. Transporting goods is essential to modern society. Other researchers are building increasingly intelligent humanoid robots. But such machines depend heavily on accurate sensors to know where they are and what lies ahead, limiting them in unpredictable environments. In search-and-rescue operations, for example, sensors can be damaged and surroundings can change suddenly. We have already applied our findings to the field of crop farming by founding a company that uses these robots to efficiently weed farmland. As we continue to advance this technology, we are focused on refining the robot’s design and functionality. The team’s next step is to determine the ideal number of legs to balance the performance and cost. So far, we know that twelve legs are the minimum for effective movement without sensing, but we are still exploring the perfect number. Our work shows that dealing with difficult environment can be as simple as taking it one step at a time — provided you have enough legs. By focusing on motion rather than high-tech sensing, we may open the door to robots that can go where others cannot. 8. What led the team to their robot design? A. More-is-better communication theory. B. Repetition in humanoid robots tests. C. Roads and tracks for easier transport. D. Stronger motors for rough surface. 9. What advantage do many-legged robots have over humanoid robots? A. They can carry heavier loads. B. They take less time to produce. C. They are reliable even without sensors. D. They move stably on uneven surfaces. 10. What is the next goal of the author and his team? A. Reduce the robot’s legs for better performance. B. Test the robot with more farming companies. C. Adapt the robot for space exploration. D. Improve the robot’s design to boost efficiency. 11. What idea does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Robots with legs can handle all situations. B. Biological inspiration is key to robot design. C. Progress relies on rethinking basic principles. D. Simplicity can tackle complex problems. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍作者团队受香农通信理论启发，设计多腿机器人，其无需昂贵传感器仍能在复杂环境高效作业，且已应用于农业，团队正优化设计。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We were inspired by Claude Shannon’s communication theory, which showed that repeated information can ensure reliability when sending messages through noisy communication channels. (我们受到克劳德·香农通信理论的启发，该理论表明，在通过嘈杂的通信渠道发送信息时，重复的信息可以确保可靠性。)”可知，香农“重复信息可保障可靠性”的通信理论（即“越多越优”的核心逻辑）促使团队开展多腿机器人设计。故选A项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Even without sensors, the many-legged robots showed impressive flexibility. (即使没有传感器，这种多腿机器人也展现出了令人印象深刻的灵活性。)”和第四段中的“But such machines depend heavily on accurate sensors to know where they are and what lies ahead, limiting them in unpredictable environments. (但这类机器严重依赖精确的传感器来了解自身位置和前方情况，这限制了它们在不可预测环境中的表现。)”可知，多腿机器人相较于类人机器人的优势是无需传感器仍能可靠运行。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“As we continue to advance this technology, we are focused on refining the robot’s design and functionality. The team’s next step is to determine the ideal number of legs to balance the performance and cost. (随着我们继续推进这项技术，我们正专注于改进机器人的设计和功能。该团队的下一步是确定理想的腿数，以平衡性能和成本。)”可知，作者团队的下一个目标是改进机器人设计，提升其效率与实用性。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Our work shows that dealing with difficult environment can be as simple as taking it one step at a time — provided you have enough legs. By focusing on motion rather than high-tech sensing, we may open the door to robots that can go where others cannot. (我们的研究表明，应对复杂环境可以像一步一个脚印那么简单——只要你有足够的腿。通过专注于运动而非高科技传感，我们可能会为那些能够到达其他机器人无法到达的地方的机器人打开大门。)”可知，作者通过多腿机器人的案例，传递出“简单方法可解决复杂问题”的观点。故选D项。 D The common fear that a friend secretly dislikes us often reflects internal insecurities rather than actual ill will. People frequently interpret neutral or unclear behaviors — such as brief text replies or delayed responses — as signs of rejection. Even well-meaning words of comfort like “no worries” may be perceived as mocking or insincere. This tendency can be explained through what is known as the fawn response, a behavioral pattern less recognized than the “fight or flight” reaction. The fawn response involves attempts to please others in order to feel safe, a strategy often developed in childhood when facing critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or an unstable home environment. While this strategy may ease conflict temporarily, it can also lead to a habitual cycle of approval-seeking. We might intellectually understand that a friend isn’t upset with us — but those “old ways of being” bite hard. Something was learned early on: “I need to try harder and do more to be loved.” This pattern has several consequences. On the personal level, it fuels anxiety, as individuals repeatedly question whether they have offended their peers. On the interpersonal level, it can strain relationships, since constant demands for reassurance may frustrate friends and even create the very rejection that was worried about. In this way, assuming everyone is annoyed with you can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. The key is understanding that it is not the end of the world — or a friendship. Conflict is not only unavoidable; it can even be healing, demonstrating that intimacy can survive difference. Learning to tolerate discomfort, rather than avoiding it at all costs, can foster both toughness and closeness. Social media, unfortunately, worsens social anxiety. The absence of nonverbal cues makes it easy to misinterpret tone, while the constant visibility of online interactions can intensify feelings of exclusion or neglect. Managing these anxieties requires conscious effort. Instead of seeking immediate reassurance, individuals can pause to ask: Am I truly being rejected, or am I simply anxious? Developing tolerance for uncertainty can interrupt the cycle and reduce dependence on others’ approval. Trust also plays a role. When friends say they are simply busy or distracted, accept their words at face value. After all, no question or magic phrase can control another person’s perception. Even if it could, you might be robbing yourself of opportunities to grow, learn or deepen a bond. 12. What can we learn about the fawn response? A. It reflects the belief that approval requires effort. B. It is a reaction aimed at avoiding danger. C. It is a cycle of seeking constant approval. D. It always prevents conflict from occurring. 13. What does “a self- fulfilling prophecy” in paragraph 3 mean? A. A pattern that tries to entertain others. B. An outcome that happens as feared. C. A prediction that is certain to fail. D. A belief that one is self-made. 14. According to the author, conflict in a relationship can be ________. A. a sign of a growing disagreement B. a chance to strengthen a friendship C. a problem that should be avoided D. a way to test its toughness 15. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Where friendship problems lie. B. Why magic words fail to do wonders. C. How to handle anxiety caused by social media. D. What leads people to seek constant reassurance. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨人们担心朋友暗中不喜欢自己的心理源于讨好型反应，分析其影响，并给出应对社交媒体加剧的社交焦虑的方法。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The fawn response involves attempts to please others in order to feel safe, a strategy often developed in childhood when facing critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or an unstable home environment.(讨好型反应包括试图取悦他人以获得安全感，这种策略通常在童年时期面对挑剔或情感忽视的父母，或不稳定的家庭环境时形成。)”以及“Something was learned early on: “I need to try harder and do more to be loved.”(早年就学到的东西：“我需要更努力，做得更多才能被爱。”)”可知，讨好型反应体现了“获得认可需要付出努力”这一观念。故选A项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“it can strain relationships, since constant demands for reassurance may frustrate friends and even create the very rejection that was worried about.(它会使关系紧张，因为不断寻求安慰可能会让朋友感到沮丧，甚至造成原本担心的拒绝。)”可知，原本担心被拒绝，最终因自身行为真的引发了拒绝，即“预言应验”，所以“a self-fulfilling prophecy”指“如担忧般发生的结果”。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Conflict is not only unavoidable; it can even be healing, demonstrating that intimacy can survive difference.(冲突不仅不可避免；它甚至可以是有治愈作用的，表明亲密关系可以经受住分歧的考验。)”可知，作者认为关系中的冲突可能是巩固友谊的机会。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Social media, unfortunately, worsens social anxiety.(不幸的是，社交媒体加剧了社交焦虑。)”以及“Managing these anxieties requires conscious effort.(管理这些焦虑需要有意识的努力。)”可知，该段主要围绕“如何应对社交媒体引发的焦虑”展开。故选C项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Song for Love — An Ape with an App Two wild apes have a professor and a pop star to act as high-tech matchmakers (红娘)! ____16____ Our young would-be lovers are Skywalker Gibbons (天行者长臂猿), a new ape species announced in 2017. With only a handful left in the Gaoligong Mountains on the China-Myanmar border, every couple matters. Singing is central to a gibbon’s life, and their calls can travel for miles. Deep in the jungle, a lone female sings each morning, in the hope of winning a life-long partner. A single male lives twenty miles away — but they can’t find each other over the long distance. ____17____ Without help, they may never find each other. That help comes from an unlikely duo: Beijing pop star Xingyu Lee and Professor Fan, leader of the research team on Skywalker Gibbons. They have designed and built a system of microphones and speakers that link two locations across the jungle. ____18____ In human terms, they have an effective dating app — and it has the gibbon scientists of the world buzzing. Professor Fan is determined to make an all-wild match. ____19____ They duet (二重唱), and as one gibbon searches for the other, drawn by the songs, Fan and Lee move the speakers, and guide the gibbons through the jungle maze until they are within natural earshot. ____20____ The landscape is steep, and the equipment must be moved again and again to guide the singers closer. Scientists like Fan works with local villagers, even poachers and city engineers to keep the system running in the wild. The project becomes a rare partnership between people who once lived off the forest and those who now seek to save it. Thanks to a dating app and a wild love song down the telephone, the two Skywalker Gibbons are now about to meet — a match that could determine the future of a species. A. Still, many challenges remain. B. For the first time, wild gibbons can sing together. C. Professor Fan has spent many years studying rare apes. D. In a first attempt, he connects a wild pair by telephone. E. It’s a crisis for a rare species, and calls for an immediate solution. F. Despite the challenges, villagers and engineers work hand in hand. G. The story is as dramatic as any opera and may decide the future of a species. 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了科学家们为濒危的天行者长臂猿设计了一个高科技的“相亲”系统，帮助它们找到伴侣的故事。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Two wild apes have a professor and a pop star to act as high-tech matchmakers.(两只野生猿猴有一位教授和一位流行歌星作为高科技红娘。)”和下文“Our young would-be lovers are Skywalker Gibbons, a new ape species announced in 2017.(我们年轻的准情侣是天行者长臂猿，这是2017年宣布的一种新的猿类。)”可知，空处需要引出下文对天行者长臂猿的介绍，且需要与上文“两只野生猿猴有一位教授和一位流行歌星作为高科技红娘”的内容相呼应。选项G“这个故事像任何歌剧一样引人入胜，并且可能决定一个物种的未来”符合语境。故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“A single male lives twenty miles away — but they can’t find each other over the long distance.(一只单身雄性长臂猿住在二十英里外的地方，但它们无法在这么长的距离内找到彼此。)”和下文“Without help, they may never find each other.(没有帮助，它们可能永远找不到彼此。)”可知，空处需要描述长臂猿找不到彼此（伴侣）的困境，并强调需要立即解决。选项E“这对一个稀有物种来说是一场危机，需要立即解决”符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“They have designed and built a system of microphones and speakers that link two locations across the jungle.(他们设计并建立了一个麦克风和扬声器系统，连接了丛林中的两个地点。)”和下文“In human terms, they have an effective dating app — and it has the gibbon scientists of the world buzzing.(用人类的话来说，他们有一个有效的约会应用，这让世界上的长臂猿科学家们兴奋不已。)”可知，空处需要描述这个系统的作用，即让野生长臂猿能够一起唱歌。选项B“这是第一次，野生长臂猿可以一起唱歌”符合语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Professor Fan is determined to make an all-wild match.(范教授决心进行一场全野生的配对。)”和下文“They duet, and as one gibbon searches for the other, drawn by the songs, Fan and Lee move the speakers, and guide the gibbons through the jungle maze until they are within natural earshot.(它们二重唱，当一只长臂猿被歌声吸引去寻找另一只时，范和李移动扬声器，引导长臂猿穿过丛林迷宫，直到它们进入自然听觉范围内。)”可知，空处需要描述范教授如何进行全野生的配对。选项D“在第一次尝试中，他通过电话连接了一对野生长臂猿”符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 根据下文“The landscape is steep, and the equipment must be moved again and again to guide the singers closer.(地形很陡峭，设备必须一次又一次地移动，以引导歌手们靠近。)”可知，空处需要描述配对过程中面临挑战。选项A“然而，仍然存在许多挑战”符合语境。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a little after the morning rush hour. Suddenly, in the middle of the busiest street in Harar, a town in Ethiopia, loud car honks (喇叭声) and screams of passersby ____21____ the air. A woman had unconsciously walked into oncoming ____22____. Shocked by her actions, the police nearby ran to her rescue. Samiya, the mother of three young children, was pulled out of the way and ____23____ faced no severe injuries. As the reality of the situation began to ____24____ her, Samiya sat by the roadside in tears, struggling to respond to the question on everyone’s mind: “Why?” The answer to that question lay in the days before that morning. It was Christmas Day, and while others were celebrating the holiday with ____25____, Samiya sat and watched as her three children ate the ____26____ of the food they had in the house. Samiya sat silently, anxious about how to provide their next meal. Dinner time came quickly, and the children silently filled their stomachs with ____27____ and went to sleep. They never asked for food and never uttered a word of ____28____. “The fact that they didn’t ____29____ ask me for food broke my heart more than that there was nothing I could give them for dinner,” said Samiya. “My last born even told me his stomach was still ____30____ from the food he had in the morning.” Heartbroken but ____31____ to change her family’s situation, Samiya and her children went to bed hungry. The next day, Samiya was up early to return to her ____32____ at the local market selling herbal leaves she had collected earlier. However, that day ____33____ to be worse than ever; she sold nothing and earned nothing. Her children went to bed with only water in their stomachs yet again. “What tortured me the most was my children’s ____34____. I wished they would complain, cry or even go to the neighbours to ask for food,” said Samiya. Fortunately, her story reached the public, and the donations in different forms provided a way out of her ____35____ situation without it ending in tragedy. 21. A. refreshed B. filled C. froze D. polluted 22. A. storm B. crowd C. traffic D. attack 23. A. worryingly B. satisfyingly C. remarkably D. disappointingly 24. A. dawn on B. account for C. stick with D. appeal to 25. A. travelling B. shopping C. gathering D. feasting 26. A. best B. last C. plainest D. least 27. A. milk B. bread C. water D. potato 28. A. warning B. complaint C. advice D. apology 29. A. still B. quite C. really D. even 30. A. full B. painful C. empty D. upset 31. A. embarrassed B. grateful C. helpless D. curious 32. A. stand B. training C. study D. table 33. A. stopped B. proved C. tended D. promised 34. A. bravery B. innocence C. generosity D. silence 35. A. promising B. sensitive C. desperate D. expected 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了埃塞俄比亚一个城镇的贫困母亲Samiya因饥饿而几乎走入车流的故事，揭示了贫困家庭在节日期间的艰难生活，以及社会援助如何帮助他们摆脱困境的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，在埃塞俄比亚城镇哈拉尔最繁忙的街道中央，刺耳的汽车喇叭声和路人的尖叫声在空中回荡。A. refreshed使恢复精力；B. filled充满；C. froze结冰；D. polluted污染。根据上文“loud car honks (喇叭声) and screams of passersby”可知，刺耳的汽车喇叭声和路人的尖叫声，声音会充斥在空中。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名女子无意识地闯入了迎面而来的车流中。A. storm暴风雨；B. crowd人群；C. traffic交通，车流；D. attack攻击。根据上文“the busiest street”和下文“police ran to her rescue”可知，她走进了迎面而来的车流。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：三个年幼孩子的母亲Samiya被拉到了安全地带，值得注意的是，她并未受重伤。A. worryingly令人担忧地；B. satisfyingly令人满意地；C. remarkably显著地，值得注意地；D. disappointingly令人失望地。根据上文“A woman had unconsciously walked into oncoming ____2____”和下文“faced no severe injuries”可知，Samiya没有受到严重伤害，这是值得注意的。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她逐渐意识到事情的严重性时，Samiya坐在路边哭了起来，难以回答所有人心中的疑问：“为什么？”A. dawn on开始显现；B. account for说明……的原因；C. stick with继续做；D. appeal to呼吁。根据下文“Samiya sat by the roadside in tears”可知，Samiya逐渐意识到当时的危险处境。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天是圣诞节，当其他人都在设宴庆祝节日时，Samiya却坐着，看着三个孩子吃家里仅剩的一点食物。A. travelling旅行；B. shopping购物；C. gathering聚集；D. feasting尽情享受（美味）。根据上文“It was Christmas Day”以及下文“Samiya sat and watched as her three children ate”可知，节日里人们通常会“设宴庆祝、尽情享用美食”，与下文Samiya一家的饥饿形成对比。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天是圣诞节，当其他人都在设宴庆祝节日时，Samiya却坐着，看着三个孩子吃家里仅剩的一点食物。A. best最好的；B. last最后的；C. plainest最简单的；D. least最少的。根据下文“anxious about how to provide their next meal”可知，孩子们吃的是家里食物的最后一点。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚饭时间很快到了，孩子们默默地喝着水填饱肚子，然后就去睡觉了。A. milk牛奶；B. bread面包；C. water水；D. potato土豆。根据下文“Her children went to bed with only water in their stomachs yet again”可知，孩子们默默地用水填饱肚子。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们从不索要食物，也从未说过一句抱怨的话。A. warning警告；B. complaint抱怨；C. advice建议；D. apology道歉。根据上文“They never asked for food”以及下文“I wished they would complain, cry or even go to the neighbours to ask for food”可知，孩子们从不抱怨一句话。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“事实上，他们甚至没有向我要过食物，这比我晚饭什么都给不了他们更让我心碎，”Samiya说。A. still仍然；B. quite相当；C. really真正地；D. even甚至。根据上文“They never asked for food”以及下文“ask me for food broke my heart more than that there was nothing I could give them for dinner”可知，孩子们甚至不向Samiya要食物比没东西给他们吃更让她心碎。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我的小儿子甚至告诉我，他早上吃的东西还没消化，肚子还很饱。”A. full饱的；B. painful痛苦的；C. empty空的；D. upset沮丧的。根据上文“My last born even told me his stomach was still”以及下文“from the food he had in the morning”可知，孩子为了不让母亲难过，谎称早上吃的东西还没消化，肚子仍饱，与上文饥饿却不抱怨的懂事呼应。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心碎但又无力改变家庭的处境，Samiya和孩子们饿着肚子上床睡觉了。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. grateful感激的；C. helpless无助的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“heartbroken”（心碎），和下文“went to bed hungry”（空腹睡觉）、“sold nothing”可知，她无力改变现状。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，Samiya早早起床，回到当地市场的摊位上，售卖她之前收集的草药叶。A. stand摊位；B. training训练；C. study学习；D. table桌子。根据下文“selling herbal leaves at the local market”可知，Samiya回到她在当地市场卖草药叶的摊位。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，那天情况比以往任何时候都更糟：她什么都没卖掉，一分钱也没赚到。A. stopped停止；B. proved证明；C. tended倾向于；D. promised承诺。根据下文“she sold nothing and earned nothing”可知，那天结果证明比以往更糟。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“最折磨我的是孩子们的沉默。我真希望他们能抱怨、哭泣，甚至去邻居家要食物，”Samiya说。A. bravery勇敢；B. innocence天真；C. generosity慷慨；D. silence沉默。根据上文“They never asked for food and never uttered a word of”以及下文“I wished they would complain, cry or even go to the neighbours to ask for food”可知，最折磨Samiya的是孩子们的沉默。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，她的故事被公众知晓，各种形式的捐赠为她提供了一条摆脱绝望处境的出路，避免了悲剧的发生。A. promising有前途的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. desperate绝望的；D. expected预期的。根据上文“Her children went to bed with only water in their stomachs yet again”以及下文“situation without it ending in tragedy”可知，各种形式的捐赠为她摆脱绝望的处境提供了一条出路。故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some 4, 000 years ago, the Liangzhu culture, known for its sophisticated city of canals ____36____ (call) “China’s Venice of the Stone Age,” suddenly disappeared. Historians debated whether war, disease, or starvation caused its collapse, but recent research points to climate change ____37____ a key factor. Located near the East China Sea, Liangzhu ____38____ (be) home to an advanced Stone Age civilization for about 1,000 years, supporting an active agricultural system through its canals. Liangzhu City was listed as ____39____ UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019. Researchers from the University of Innsbruck had long sought to explain ____40____ Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of a thin layer of clay on the ruins suggested a possible connection between the ends of the advanced civilization ____41____ floods of the Yangtze River or floods from the East China Sea. However, no clear conclusions on the cause were possible from the mud layer ____42____ (it). A breakthrough came when scientists studied stalagmites (石笋) from two nearby underwater caves. As Dr. Peter Dockrill reported for Science Alert, their team discovered chemical signatures from about 4,300 years ago that showed ____43____ (extreme) high rainfall, probably caused by the ____44____ (warm) of ocean waters in the Pacific - an event known as the El Nino (厄尔尼诺). The study notes that wet conditions lasted for several hundred years following the collapse of Liangzhu, eventually paving the way for the rise of the Xia dynasty in 2070 B.C.E. Its celebrated _____45_____ (found), Yu the Great, introduced more extensive flood-control methods and is known as the “Tamer of the Flood.” 【答案】36. called 37. as 38. was 39. a 40. why 41. and 42. itself 43. extremely 44. warming 45. founder 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍良渚文化消失之谜，指出气候变化引发的洪水或为其消亡主因，及相关研究发现。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：大约4000年前，以有着“中国石器时代威尼斯”之称的复杂运河之城闻名的良渚文化突然消失了。此处为非谓语动词作定语，a sophisticated city of canals与call为被动关系，用过去分词called。故填called。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：历史学家曾争论是战争、疾病还是饥荒导致了它的衰落，但近期研究指出气候变化是一个关键因素。此处为固定搭配point to...as...，意为“指出……作为……”，用介词as。故填as。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：良渚位于中国东海附近，在约1000年的时间里是先进石器时代文明的发祥地，通过其运河维系着发达的农业体系。此处为谓语动词，描述过去的事实，用一般过去时，主语Liangzhu为单数，所以用was。故填was。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：良渚古城于2019年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。此处泛指“一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产”，UNESCO是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【40题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：因斯布鲁克大学的研究人员长期以来一直试图解释良渚为何被废弃，而遗址上发现的一层薄薄的黏土层表明，这个先进文明的消亡可能与长江洪水或东海洪水有关。此处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，此处缺少原因状语，表示“为什么”，用连接副词why。故填why。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：因斯布鲁克大学的研究人员长期以来一直试图解释良渚为何被废弃，而遗址上发现的一层薄薄的黏土层表明，这个先进文明的消亡可能与长江洪水或东海洪水有关。此处为固定搭配between...and...，意为“在……和……之间”，用连词and。故填and。 【42题详解】 考查代词。句意：然而，仅从黏土层本身无法得出关于其消亡原因的确切结论。此处指代the mud layer自身，用反身代词itself。故填itself。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：正如彼得·多克里尔博士为《科学警报》所报道的那样，他们的团队发现了大约4300年前的化学特征，这些特征表明当时降雨量极大，这可能是由太平洋海水升温——一种被称为厄尔尼诺的现象——引起的。此处修饰形容词high，用extreme的副词形式extremely。故填extremely。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：正如彼得·多克里尔博士为《科学警报》所报道的那样，他们的团队发现了大约4300年前的化学特征，这些特征表明当时降雨量极大，这可能是由太平洋海水升温——一种被称为厄尔尼诺的现象——引起的。此处位于定冠词the之后，用warm的名词形式warming，意为“升温”符合句意。故填warming。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：该研究指出，良渚文化衰落后，湿润的气候持续了数百年，最终为公元前2070年夏朝的兴起铺平了道路。夏朝的开国君主大禹引进了更广泛的治水方法，被称为“治水英雄”。此处指“夏朝的开国君主”，用found的名词形式founder，意为“创立者，奠基者”。故填founder。 第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是校英文报记者，拟报道学校刚组织的秋季自然观察研学，内容包括： 1.活动的时间、地点； 2.活动内容； 3.活动意义。 注意：1.写作词数应为100个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Exploring Nature in Autumn ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Exploring Nature in Autumn Last Friday, our school organized an autumn trip to the city botanical garden. Guided by our biology teachers, we first examined different types of trees and plants and learned to identify autumn leaves by their shapes and colors. Next, we used magnifying glasses to closely observe insects and soil organisms. Throughout the session, students took photos, made sketches, and actively discussed their findings in small groups. Such a hands-on approach made the learning process both engaging and memorable. Overall, this immersive experience deepened our bond with nature. We returned not just with samples and photos, but with a lasting respect for the environment and a powerful urge to protect its beauty. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以校英文报记者的身份，报道学校刚组织的秋季自然观察研学活动，涵盖活动时间、地点、内容及意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 组织：organize → arrange 引导：guide → lead 识别：identify → recognize 持久的：lasting → enduring 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Next, we used magnifying glasses to closely observe insects and soil organisms. Throughout the session, students took photos, made sketches, and actively discussed their findings in small groups. 拓展句：Next, we used magnifying glasses to closely observe insects and soil organisms, throughout which students took photos, made sketches, and actively discussed their findings in small groups. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Guided by our biology teachers, we first examined different types of trees and plants and learned to identify autumn leaves by their shapes and colors.（运用了过去分词Guided作状语、不定式to identify作宾语） 【高分句型2】Next, we used magnifying glasses to closely observe insects and soil organisms.（运用了不定式to closely observe作状语） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 With every step, my legs trembled like loose springs. The cold bit through my layers of clothing, and the wind whistled strangely across the steep, rocky face of the mountain. Negative thoughts crowded my mind, echoing with every labored breath: You’re too fat, too unfit — a fool for even trying this. The weight of the climb felt less physical than emotional, as though each doubt were another stone in my pack. An hour into the climb, I was finished—physically broken, mentally defeated. I told Sarah, one of the organizers, that I needed to turn back. Her response stuck with me: “That doesn’t sound like the man who finished the Marathon. Keep going. You can do it.” Those words did something magic. And so I continued, placing one heavy foot slowly in front of the other, my world narrowed to the next step, and the next. By 2 a.m., sitting on a cold rock with sweat freezing beneath my clothes, I felt I had bitten off more than I could chew — this mountain was too much for me. Anger began to build — an old companion, but this time I channeled it into determination. I stood up and told my guide, “Let’s go.” He nodded, then silently handed me a small bottle of hot water — the first real gesture of warmth he had offered beyond his necessary instructions since we started. Then the tears came. I cried uncontrollably, hiding my freezing face under my hat. For hours, I climbed mechanically over snow-covered rocks, complaining about the pain, laughing at how ridiculous it all was, falling more than once, but always repeating to myself: Just one more step. You still have a chance. And then, through the wind, I caught a glimpse of distant glaciers (冰川), their edges glowing faintly even in the deep dark, a silent promise that the sunrise was on its way. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Two hours from the top, I met climbers heading down. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At the top, as I struggled with my camera for a photo, my guide held out his hand. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Two hours from the top, I met climbers heading down. A woman in a red jacket, patted my shoulder: “The sunrise at the top is worth every step.” A man handed me an energy gel: “Don’t let the cold win.” Their words stayed with me. Then I heard Sarah’s voice in my head again: “You never quit when it matters.” Something shifted inside. My self-talk turned positive: I can do this. Although the wind cut through my jacket, making my cheeks burn, and each step felt like lifting a heavy stone, I kept my eyes fixed on the guide’s boot-prints in the snow. The glaciers glowed brighter and the sun was radiant in a clear sky. Then the slope flattened. I’d made it. My hands shook, not from cold, but from overwhelming joy. At the top, as I struggled with my camera, my guide held out his hand. This small, wordless gesture reminded me of the hot water he had offered in my darkest hour and finally broke through the last of my defenses. This time, I did not cry. Instead, a deep calm settled over me. While he framed the shot, I watched the rays of sun set the glaciers ablaze in gold. The world fell into a vast silence, broken only by the wind that was no longer an enemy, but merely a part of the scene. And in that newfound stillness, everything fell into place. Every doubt, every tear, every labored breath — they were not obstacles, but steps. I finally understood true strength wasn’t the absence of fear, but the choice to move forward despite it. 【解析】 【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述作者攀登陡峭寒冷的山峰时，遭受身体疲惫、负面情绪困扰，数次想放弃，在他人鼓励与自我坚持下，克服艰难，最终瞥见远方冰川、望见日出希望的经历。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①根据第一段首句“离山顶还有两小时，我遇到了下山的登山者。”可知，接下来可描写登山者们对山顶的描述让作者变得积极，以及作者克服困难最终登顶。 ②根据第二段首句“在山顶，当我挣扎着拿着相机时，我的导游伸出了他的手。”可知，接下来可描作者摆姿势拍照时的所见和所感。 2.续写线索：遇到下山的登山者——他们的描述激励作者——作者克服困难登顶——导游主动给作者拍照——作者的感悟 3.词类激活 行为类 ①轻拍：pat/tap ②递：hand/pass ③举起：lift/raise 情绪类 ①内心的平静：deep calm/profound peace ②恐惧：fear/fright/dread 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Although the wind cut through my jacket, making my cheeks burn, and each step felt like lifting a heavy stone, I kept my eyes fixed on the guide’s boot-prints in the snow.（运用了although引导的让步状语从句，和现在分词作状语） 【高分句型2】 This small, wordless gesture reminded me of the hot water he had offered in my darkest hour and finally broke through the last of my defenses.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 广州市第五中学2025-2026学年上学期高三年级12月月考试卷 英语学科 本试卷共10页，共120分，考试时长120分钟 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节;满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Recommendations regarding physical activity for different target groups. Note that additional health effects can be achieved if, in addition to these recommendations, the amount of physical activity increases, either by increasing the intensity or duration or a combination of both. Target Group Recommendations Purpose Children and youth Age 6-17years At least 60 minutes of daily physical activity is recommended; Longer is better. The physical activity should be primarily of aerobic (有氧的) in nature and the intensity moderate (easy/medium pulse increase) to high (marked pulse increase). Aerobic physical activity at high intensity at least 3 times per week. Muscle-strengthening physical activity 3 times a week. Weight-bearing activity, such as running and jumping, is positive for bone mineral density. ●Development of muscles and skeletal and nervous system. ●Maintain a healthy weight and a good mental health. ●Social development, integration, good self-esteem, and self-confidence. Enhanced learning ability. Adults Age 18-64 These adults are recommended to be aerobically physically active at least 150 minutes a week at moderate intensity (medium pulse increase), or for more than 75minutes per week at vigorous intensity (marked pulse increase). The activities should be distributed over at least three separate days. Muscle-strengthening physical activity at least twice a week should be performed. Improvements in aerobic work capacity and muscle strength. Lower risk of disease, such as disturbed metabolism (新陈代谢) and certain cancers and bone fractures. Elderly Age >64 Same recommendations as the above adults. Muscle strengthening exercises should be performed at a high speed, if possible. Balance training should be incorporated prior to aerobic and muscle strengthening training. Individuals with impaired ability should perform as much exercise as possible. ●Improvements in aerobic work capacity, muscle strength, and balance. ●Medical advice may be required before starting an exercise program. ●Better functional health and independence. 1. According to the author, how can we benefit more from exercise? A. By avoiding physical contact. B. By lengthening the time of exercise. C. By keeping exercise routines unchanged. D. By seeking medical advice before workout. 2. Which benefit of exercise is specific to children and youth? A. Lowering risk of disease. B. Strengthening muscles. C. Building self-confidence. D. Speeding metabolism. 3. What is recommended for adults’ aerobic exercise? A. Performing it continuously without breaks. B. Exercising at least three days per week. C. Keeping the same intensity all week. D. Doing balance training beforehand. B At nine years old, I didn’t realize how extraordinary it was for me and my grandmother to travel from our Black neighborhood to the mainly white Revere Beach. While Black families stayed together in one section, rarely venturing out alone, my grandmother stood out — confident and athletic while swimming, unlike the other women worried about their hair or suits. She would carry me on her back into the ocean, moving steadily along the tide. I followed my grandmother’s strong motions, thrilled by the wild sea and her fearlessness. I admired how she seemed born to the water, emerging like a queen — proud, radiant, and benevolent. Summer made our Black bodies more visible and vulnerable against narrow cultural ideals, but my grandmother never noticed. She focused on teaching me to swim — a skill that seemed unnecessary to some, as the popular media never portrayed the “great outdoors” as a welcoming place for Black people. It was seen as a space where we might feel uncomfortable or even threatened. But to me, those perceptions didn’t matter. When I finally learned to swim, it felt like I had unlocked a profound and personal secret of strength and freedom. I once wondered why enslaved Africans didn’t jump from ships near shore and swim to freedom. Later I learned that most coastal waters in West Africa were filled with poisonous fish, making swimming uncommon and dangerous. Now, whenever I enter the ocean, I remember my ancestors for whom the sea was a place of terror rather than freedom. Only after my grandmother’s death did I learn she wasn’t a strong swimmer herself. She had been brushing the ocean floor with her feet all along, keeping us afloat while teaching me rhythm and trust. Her quiet deception was not a lie but a profound act of bravery and courage. Though she hadn’t mastered it herself, my grandmother was determined to teach me to swim — not for the strokes, but for the strength and self-belief that would keep me afloat in life. 4. How was the grandmother different from other women at the beach? A. She stayed with Black families only. B. She avoided getting her hair and suits wet. C. She seemed to swim with ease and strength. D. She stood outside of the swimming section. 5. What does the author realize about African slaves? A. They were poisonous by sea creatures. B. They didn’t enjoy outdoor activities. C. They rarely swam due to natural dangers. D. They could have easily escaped by swimming. 6. Why did the grandmother teach the author to swim? A. To challenge her limits. B. To build her confidence. C. To prepare her for dangers at sea. D. To prove Black people could swim. 7. Which title best suits the passage? A. Overcoming Fears at Revere Beach B. A Summer That Changed My Childhood C. Breaking Self-Doubt and Cultural Bias D. Grandmother’s Empowering Lessons C Adding legs to robots that have minimal awareness of the environment around them can help the robots operate more effectively in difficult environment, my colleagues and I found. We were inspired by Claude Shannon’s communication theory, which showed that repeated information can ensure reliability when sending messages through noisy communication channels. We wondered if the same principle could help move goods via robot. That is, if we want to transport goods over “noisy” environment, say fallen trees and large rocks, in a reasonable amount of time, could we do it by just adding legs to the robot and do so without expensive sensors and cameras? Our idea was to forget about sensing altogether and replace it with the simple act of taking repeated steps. Our analysis suggested this could provide reliable and predictable movement. To test our hypothesis, we built robots inspired by centipedes (蜈蚣) and gradually increased their legs from six to sixteen. The more legs we added, the better the robots moved over uneven surfaces. We then tried outdoor tests on real ground. Even without sensors, the many-legged robots showed impressive flexibility. This gives them potential uses in agriculture, space exploration, and search-and-rescue work. Transporting goods is essential to modern society. Other researchers are building increasingly intelligent humanoid robots. But such machines depend heavily on accurate sensors to know where they are and what lies ahead, limiting them in unpredictable environments. In search-and-rescue operations, for example, sensors can be damaged and surroundings can change suddenly. We have already applied our findings to the field of crop farming by founding a company that uses these robots to efficiently weed farmland. As we continue to advance this technology, we are focused on refining the robot’s design and functionality. The team’s next step is to determine the ideal number of legs to balance the performance and cost. So far, we know that twelve legs are the minimum for effective movement without sensing, but we are still exploring the perfect number. Our work shows that dealing with difficult environment can be as simple as taking it one step at a time — provided you have enough legs. By focusing on motion rather than high-tech sensing, we may open the door to robots that can go where others cannot. 8. What led the team to their robot design? A. More-is-better communication theory. B. Repetition in humanoid robots tests. C. Roads and tracks for easier transport. D. Stronger motors for rough surface. 9. What advantage do many-legged robots have over humanoid robots? A. They can carry heavier loads. B. They take less time to produce. C. They are reliable even without sensors. D. They move stably on uneven surfaces. 10. What is the next goal of the author and his team? A. Reduce the robot’s legs for better performance. B. Test the robot with more farming companies. C. Adapt the robot for space exploration. D. Improve the robot’s design to boost efficiency. 11. What idea does the author suggest in the last paragraph? A. Robots with legs can handle all situations. B. Biological inspiration is key to robot design. C. Progress relies on rethinking basic principles. D. Simplicity can tackle complex problems. D The common fear that a friend secretly dislikes us often reflects internal insecurities rather than actual ill will. People frequently interpret neutral or unclear behaviors — such as brief text replies or delayed responses — as signs of rejection. Even well-meaning words of comfort like “no worries” may be perceived as mocking or insincere. This tendency can be explained through what is known as the fawn response, a behavioral pattern less recognized than the “fight or flight” reaction. The fawn response involves attempts to please others in order to feel safe, a strategy often developed in childhood when facing critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or an unstable home environment. While this strategy may ease conflict temporarily, it can also lead to a habitual cycle of approval-seeking. We might intellectually understand that a friend isn’t upset with us — but those “old ways of being” bite hard. Something was learned early on: “I need to try harder and do more to be loved.” This pattern has several consequences. On the personal level, it fuels anxiety, as individuals repeatedly question whether they have offended their peers. On the interpersonal level, it can strain relationships, since constant demands for reassurance may frustrate friends and even create the very rejection that was worried about. In this way, assuming everyone is annoyed with you can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. The key is understanding that it is not the end of the world — or a friendship. Conflict is not only unavoidable; it can even be healing, demonstrating that intimacy can survive difference. Learning to tolerate discomfort, rather than avoiding it at all costs, can foster both toughness and closeness. Social media, unfortunately, worsens social anxiety. The absence of nonverbal cues makes it easy to misinterpret tone, while the constant visibility of online interactions can intensify feelings of exclusion or neglect. Managing these anxieties requires conscious effort. Instead of seeking immediate reassurance, individuals can pause to ask: Am I truly being rejected, or am I simply anxious? Developing tolerance for uncertainty can interrupt the cycle and reduce dependence on others’ approval. Trust also plays a role. When friends say they are simply busy or distracted, accept their words at face value. After all, no question or magic phrase can control another person’s perception. Even if it could, you might be robbing yourself of opportunities to grow, learn or deepen a bond. 12. What can we learn about the fawn response? A. It reflects the belief that approval requires effort. B. It is a reaction aimed at avoiding danger. C. It is a cycle of seeking constant approval. D. It always prevents conflict from occurring. 13. What does “a self- fulfilling prophecy” in paragraph 3 mean? A. A pattern that tries to entertain others. B. An outcome that happens as feared. C. A prediction that is certain to fail. D. A belief that one is self-made. 14. According to the author, conflict in a relationship can be ________. A. a sign of a growing disagreement B. a chance to strengthen a friendship C. a problem that should be avoided D. a way to test its toughness 15. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Where friendship problems lie. B. Why magic words fail to do wonders. C. How to handle anxiety caused by social media. D. What leads people to seek constant reassurance. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Song for Love — An Ape with an App Two wild apes have a professor and a pop star to act as high-tech matchmakers (红娘)! ____16____ Our young would-be lovers are Skywalker Gibbons (天行者长臂猿), a new ape species announced in 2017. With only a handful left in the Gaoligong Mountains on the China-Myanmar border, every couple matters. Singing is central to a gibbon’s life, and their calls can travel for miles. Deep in the jungle, a lone female sings each morning, in the hope of winning a life-long partner. A single male lives twenty miles away — but they can’t find each other over the long distance. ____17____ Without help, they may never find each other. That help comes from an unlikely duo: Beijing pop star Xingyu Lee and Professor Fan, leader of the research team on Skywalker Gibbons. They have designed and built a system of microphones and speakers that link two locations across the jungle. ____18____ In human terms, they have an effective dating app — and it has the gibbon scientists of the world buzzing. Professor Fan is determined to make an all-wild match. ____19____ They duet (二重唱), and as one gibbon searches for the other, drawn by the songs, Fan and Lee move the speakers, and guide the gibbons through the jungle maze until they are within natural earshot. ____20____ The landscape is steep, and the equipment must be moved again and again to guide the singers closer. Scientists like Fan works with local villagers, even poachers and city engineers to keep the system running in the wild. The project becomes a rare partnership between people who once lived off the forest and those who now seek to save it. Thanks to a dating app and a wild love song down the telephone, the two Skywalker Gibbons are now about to meet — a match that could determine the future of a species. A. Still, many challenges remain. B. For the first time, wild gibbons can sing together. C. Professor Fan has spent many years studying rare apes. D. In a first attempt, he connects a wild pair by telephone. E. It’s a crisis for a rare species, and calls for an immediate solution. F. Despite the challenges, villagers and engineers work hand in hand. G. The story is as dramatic as any opera and may decide the future of a species. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a little after the morning rush hour. Suddenly, in the middle of the busiest street in Harar, a town in Ethiopia, loud car honks (喇叭声) and screams of passersby ____21____ the air. A woman had unconsciously walked into oncoming ____22____. Shocked by her actions, the police nearby ran to her rescue. Samiya, the mother of three young children, was pulled out of the way and ____23____ faced no severe injuries. As the reality of the situation began to ____24____ her, Samiya sat by the roadside in tears, struggling to respond to the question on everyone’s mind: “Why?” The answer to that question lay in the days before that morning. It was Christmas Day, and while others were celebrating the holiday with ____25____, Samiya sat and watched as her three children ate the ____26____ of the food they had in the house. Samiya sat silently, anxious about how to provide their next meal. Dinner time came quickly, and the children silently filled their stomachs with ____27____ and went to sleep. They never asked for food and never uttered a word of ____28____. “The fact that they didn’t ____29____ ask me for food broke my heart more than that there was nothing I could give them for dinner,” said Samiya. “My last born even told me his stomach was still ____30____ from the food he had in the morning.” Heartbroken but ____31____ to change her family’s situation, Samiya and her children went to bed hungry. The next day, Samiya was up early to return to her ____32____ at the local market selling herbal leaves she had collected earlier. However, that day ____33____ to be worse than ever; she sold nothing and earned nothing. Her children went to bed with only water in their stomachs yet again. “What tortured me the most was my children’s ____34____. I wished they would complain, cry or even go to the neighbours to ask for food,” said Samiya. Fortunately, her story reached the public, and the donations in different forms provided a way out of her ____35____ situation without it ending in tragedy. 21. A. refreshed B. filled C. froze D. polluted 22. A. storm B. crowd C. traffic D. attack 23. A. worryingly B. satisfyingly C. remarkably D. disappointingly 24. A. dawn on B. account for C. stick with D. appeal to 25. A. travelling B. shopping C. gathering D. feasting 26. A. best B. last C. plainest D. least 27. A. milk B. bread C. water D. potato 28. A. warning B. complaint C. advice D. apology 29. A. still B. quite C. really D. even 30. A. full B. painful C. empty D. upset 31. A. embarrassed B. grateful C. helpless D. curious 32. A. stand B. training C. study D. table 33. A. stopped B. proved C. tended D. promised 34. A. bravery B. innocence C. generosity D. silence 35. A. promising B. sensitive C. desperate D. expected 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some 4, 000 years ago, the Liangzhu culture, known for its sophisticated city of canals ____36____ (call) “China’s Venice of the Stone Age,” suddenly disappeared. Historians debated whether war, disease, or starvation caused its collapse, but recent research points to climate change ____37____ a key factor. Located near the East China Sea, Liangzhu ____38____ (be) home to an advanced Stone Age civilization for about 1,000 years, supporting an active agricultural system through its canals. Liangzhu City was listed as ____39____ UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019. Researchers from the University of Innsbruck had long sought to explain ____40____ Liangzhu was abandoned, and the discovery of a thin layer of clay on the ruins suggested a possible connection between the ends of the advanced civilization ____41____ floods of the Yangtze River or floods from the East China Sea. However, no clear conclusions on the cause were possible from the mud layer ____42____ (it). A breakthrough came when scientists studied stalagmites (石笋) from two nearby underwater caves. As Dr. Peter Dockrill reported for Science Alert, their team discovered chemical signatures from about 4,300 years ago that showed ____43____ (extreme) high rainfall, probably caused by the ____44____ (warm) of ocean waters in the Pacific - an event known as the El Nino (厄尔尼诺). The study notes that wet conditions lasted for several hundred years following the collapse of Liangzhu, eventually paving the way for the rise of the Xia dynasty in 2070 B.C.E. Its celebrated _____45_____ (found), Yu the Great, introduced more extensive flood-control methods and is known as the “Tamer of the Flood.” 第四部分 写作(共两节;满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是校英文报记者，拟报道学校刚组织的秋季自然观察研学，内容包括： 1.活动的时间、地点； 2.活动内容； 3.活动意义。 注意：1.写作词数应为100个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Exploring Nature in Autumn ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 With every step, my legs trembled like loose springs. The cold bit through my layers of clothing, and the wind whistled strangely across the steep, rocky face of the mountain. Negative thoughts crowded my mind, echoing with every labored breath: You’re too fat, too unfit — a fool for even trying this. The weight of the climb felt less physical than emotional, as though each doubt were another stone in my pack. An hour into the climb, I was finished—physically broken, mentally defeated. I told Sarah, one of the organizers, that I needed to turn back. Her response stuck with me: “That doesn’t sound like the man who finished the Marathon. Keep going. You can do it.” Those words did something magic. And so I continued, placing one heavy foot slowly in front of the other, my world narrowed to the next step, and the next. By 2 a.m., sitting on a cold rock with sweat freezing beneath my clothes, I felt I had bitten off more than I could chew — this mountain was too much for me. Anger began to build — an old companion, but this time I channeled it into determination. I stood up and told my guide, “Let’s go.” He nodded, then silently handed me a small bottle of hot water — the first real gesture of warmth he had offered beyond his necessary instructions since we started. Then the tears came. I cried uncontrollably, hiding my freezing face under my hat. For hours, I climbed mechanically over snow-covered rocks, complaining about the pain, laughing at how ridiculous it all was, falling more than once, but always repeating to myself: Just one more step. You still have a chance. And then, through the wind, I caught a glimpse of distant glaciers (冰川), their edges glowing faintly even in the deep dark, a silent promise that the sunrise was on its way. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Two hours from the top, I met climbers heading down. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At the top, as I struggled with my camera for a photo, my guide held out his hand. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $