2026年上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part Q和R

该初中英语考纲词汇复习清单系统梳理了Q-R字母开头的核心词汇，涵盖词汇基础用法、词形拓展、近反义关联及重难点辨析等知识范畴，为学生搭建从“词汇理解”到“语境应用”再到“考点突破”的递进式复习架构。 清单采用“星级难度标注”和“对比辨析设计”呈现知识体系，如将高频考点remember标注为***重点，并通过名师点拨区分remember doing（已做）与remember to do（未做）的用法，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设置“易混词对比表”（如raise与rise的及物不及物区别）和“应用场景例句”，不同基础学生可快速掌握要点，既便利学生自主复习，也为教师教学提供精准辅助。

上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part Q和R Q 1258.quality /'kwpləti/n. 质量 In production,we demand not only quantity but also quality . 我们的产品不但要求数量而且要求质量。 1259.quarter /'kwɔ:tə/n. 四分之一；一刻钟 It's a quarter to seven. 现在是6点45分。 1260.queen /kwi:n/n. 皇后；女王 The queen was sad.皇后很伤心。 1261.*question/'kwestjən/n. 问题 Well done!You have answered all the questions correctly. 干得好!你已正确回答了所有的问题。 1262.*quick /kwik/adj. 快的；敏捷的；迅速的 Among the boys,Tom is the quickest to learn new things. 在男孩中，学习新事物学得最快的是汤姆。 K 词形拓展 quickly adv. 快地；迅速地 1263.*quickly /'kwikli/adv. 快地；迅速地 When he heard a cry for help,he ran out as quickly as he could. 当他一听到呼救声，他就尽快地跑了出来。 Online team-buying services are developing quickly in China,aren't they? 在中国，网上团购服务正在迅速发展，不是吗? 1264.*quiet /'kwarət/adj. 安静的 I'm going to move somewhere quiet .It's too noisy in our neighbourhood. 我打算搬到一个安静的地方。我们的小区太吵了。 词形拓展 quietly adv. 安静地 常用词组 keep quiet 保持安静 近义 silent 反 义 noisy 1265.***quietly /'kwarətli/adv. 安静地 The patient lay on his bed quietly when the doctor came to examine him. 当医生来给这位病人检查时，他静静地躺在床上。 1266.*quite /kwart/adv. 完全；十分；相当 This arrangement is quite satisfactory,so far as I am concerned. 就我来说，这样的安排相当好。 1267.quiz /kwiz/ ( 复quizzes)n. 测验 We'll have a quiz at the end of class.下课前我们将进行一次测试。 R 1268.*race /reis/v. 比赛；赛跑 n. 赛跑 Are you going to race your horse at Newmarket next week? 你准备让你的马参加下周在纽马克特的赛马会吗? Peter and Bill each say they came first in the race .彼得和比尔都说自己跑了第一。 1269.*radio /'rerdrəu/ ( 复radios)n. 无线电；收音机 Father bought her a stereo radio .父亲给她买了台立体声收音机。 1270.railway /'rerlwei/n. 铁路，铁道 The railway is still under construction. 这条铁路仍在建设之中。 1271.*rain /ren/n. 雨，雨水 v.下雨 In fact,there isn't so much rain in the city as they think. 事实上，这座城市没有像他们想的那样有这么多的雨水。 We will go to the Happy Valley tomorrow unless it rains . 如果明天不下雨，我们会去欢乐谷。 5 词形拓展 rainy adj.有雨的；多雨的 1272.*rainy /'reini/adj.有雨的；多雨的 Most tropical areas have rainy and dry seasons. 大多数热带地区有雨季和旱季。 1273.*raise /reiz/v.举起；使升高；饲养，抚养；筹钱 The government's decision on building a factory in the city center has raised many questions among the local people. 政府决定在城市中心建造一家工厂，这在当地人 中已经引发了许多质疑。 名师点拨raise是常考单词，所以学生一定要比较raise与rise的用法区别： raise是及物动词；rise是不及物动词。 例 如 ：raise your hand举起你的手 He raised his hat to me yesterday.昨天他向我举帽致意。 The river rose two feet.河水上涨2英尺。 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 He rose to answer the question.他站起来回答问题。 1274.*rarely /'reali/adv. 罕有；很少；不常 People in western countries rarely talk loudly in public,do they? 在西方国家，人们很少在公共场所大声说话，是吗? Poor children rarely attended school,did they? 穷人的孩子很少上学，是吗? 1275.*rather /'ra:ðə/adv. 相当，颇；宁可 I'm feeling rather sleepy. 我感到十分困倦。 1276.*reach /ri:tʃ/v. 到达 My uncle will send me postcards and stamps after he reaches France. 我的叔叔到达法国后，会寄给我一些当地的明信片和邮票。 1277.*read /rid/ (read /red/,read)v. 读；朗读 It's easy to memorize the words if we know how to read them correctly. 如果知道如何正确地读出这些单词，我们就很容易记住了。 Tommy asked me if I was interested in reading science fiction. 汤米问我是否对科幻小说感兴趣。 Jenny was reading the text of Lesson Three at 8:00 last night. 昨天晚上8点珍妮正在读第三课的课文。 谚语 There is a saying that reading makes a full man. 有句谚语：读书长见识。 1278.*ready /'redi/adj. 准备好的；乐于 He is ready for the trip.他已准备好去旅行。 常用词组 be/get ready for 为……作准备 1279.*real /'riəl/adj. 真实的，确实的；真正的 The real value of the hook lies in its wonderful characterization. 这本书真正的价值在于精彩的人物塑造。 词形拓展 really adv. 真正地，确实地 1280.*realize (= realise )/'rrolaiz/v. 认识到；实现 If you want to realize your dream,study hard from now on. 如果你想实现自己的梦想，从现在开始就要努力学习。 1281.*really /'riəli/adv. 真正地，确实地 It's really impossible for a child of five to take care of himself. 要5岁儿童自己照顾自己，这真的是不可能的。 1282.*reason /'ri;zən/n. 理由，原因 That is the reason why we must go now. 那就是我们现在必须走的理由。 1283.*rebuild /ri:'bild/ (rebuilt /ri:'brlt/, rebuilt) v. 重建 The house was rebuilt after the fire.这房子是火灾后重建的。 1284.*receive /rɪ'siv/v. 收到；得到 By the end of last month,Mrs.Lin had received many interesting comic strips created by the students. 到上月底，林太太收到了许多由学生创作的有趣的漫画。 谚语 There is a saying that it is better to give than to receive . 有句谚语：给予比索取更伟大。 名师点拔receive是常考单词，常出现在保持句意基本不变的句型转换练习中，所以学生一定要知道：receive one's letter与hear from sb.意思相同，在句中可以互换。 例如：I received my aunt's letter the other day. =I heard from my aunt the other day. 几天前我收到我阿姨的来信。 1285.*recent /'risant/adj. 近来的；最近的 There have been many changes in our school in recent years. 近几年，我们学校已经有许多变化。 词形拓展 recently adv. 最近；近来 1286.***recently /'risəntli/adv. 最近；近来 I hear that her uncle has bought a new flat in the city centre recently . 我听说她的叔叔最近在市中心买了一套新房子。 1287.**recognise( 美 recognize) /'rekəgnaɪz/v. 辨认出；认识 She had changed so much that I could hardly recognise her. 她的变化这么大，我简直认不出来了。 1288.*record /'rekɔ:d/n.记录；唱片 /ri'kɔ:d/v.录制，录音；记录 Several world records were broken by Phelps at the Olympics. 菲尔普斯在奥运会上打破了多项世界纪录。 She has recorded some popular songs. 她录了一些通俗歌曲。 词形拓展 recorder n. 录音机 1289.recycle /ri'sarkl/v. 回收利用；使再循环 We should recycle garbage,not burn it. 我们应该回收利用垃圾，而不是焚烧。 1290.*red /red/adj. 红色的 n. 红 色 He was wearing a white shirt and a red tie.他穿着一件白衬衫，系了一条红领带。 I prefer red to blue. 比起蓝色，我更喜欢红色。 1291.*reduce /rɪ'djus/v. 减少；缩减 We have reduced the number of classes from eight to six. 我们已将班级数量由8个减少到6个。 1292.reference /'refərəns/n. 参 考 The author does not give references.作者没有注明参考(所引资料的)出处。 1293.***refuse /ri'fju:z/v. 拒绝；不愿 Argentina is one of only a handful of countries that refuse all dealings with the IMF. 阿根廷是拒绝与国际货币基金组织(IMF) 进行任何交易的少数国家之一。 1294.*regular /'regiulə/adj. 规则的；经常的 There are two most famous and popular programs which have regular performances in Shanghai Circus World. 有两个最著名、最受欢迎的节目定期在上海马戏城演出。 词形拓展 regularly adv. 规则地；经常地 反 义 irregular 1295.relationship /rɪ'lerʃənʃip/n.关 系 She found it impossible to extricate herself from the relationship . 她发现自己不可能从这种关系中解脱出来。 1296.relative/'relativ/n.亲属 Today we visited our relative .今天我们探望了我们的亲戚。 1297.*relax /rɪ'læks/v. (使)放松，轻松 Sam needs to relax himself,so he is looking forward to a holiday. 山姆需要放松自己，所以他期待着假期。 词形拓展 relaxed adj. 轻松的，自在的 relaxing adj.令人轻松的 1298.release /rɪ'lis/v.&n. 释放，排放；发行，发表 It helps us release anxious thoughts.它能帮助我们释放焦虑情绪。 The movie will be on release from Christmas.影片将从圣诞节开始上映。 1299.rely /rɪ'lar/v. 依靠 You can always rely on Jim,he won't fail you. 你可以永远依靠吉姆，他不会让你失望的。 常用词组 rely on 依靠 1300.***remember /ri'membə/v. 记得；想起 The famous singer died,but her sweet voice will be remembered for ever. 这位著名歌手去世了，但她甜美的声音将永远被铭记。 反义 forget 名师点拔 remembe r 是常考单词，所以学生一定要掌握其习惯用法，及比较remember doing 与 remember to do的用法区别： 1)remember doing表示记得做过某事(已做)。 2)remember to do 表示记住去做某件事(还没做)。 例如：I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room. 我记得我离开房间时把灯关了。 Please remember to close the door when you go to bed. 你去睡觉时，请记住把门关上。 1301.remind /r'maind/v. 提醒 He reminded me that I ought to do it at once.他提醒我应该现在就去做这件事。 1302.*repair /ri'peə/n.&v. 修理 The house is in need of repair .那幢房子需要整修。 The students can not only operate the machines with safety but also repair them. 学生们不仅能安全地操作这些机器，而且还能修理这些机器。 近义 mend 1303.**repeat /ri'pi:t/v.重 复 Though I repeated the phone number many times,the foreigner still couldn't write it down. 虽然我把电话号码重复了好多次，这个外国人还是不能把它写下来。 1304.reply /r'plai/v.&n. 回答，答复 He never replied to the letters.他从来都不回信。 Silence is the best reply to calumniation. 沉默是对诽谤的最有力回击。 近义 answer 反 义 ask 1305.**report /rɪ'pɔ:t/n. 报道；报告；成绩单；(新闻)报道；调查报告 v. 报告；汇报；通报 She has given us a progress report on how the project is going. 她给我们作了关于项目进程的报告。 John reported the two robberies to the police just now. 刚刚约翰向警方报告了这两起抢劫案。 It is reported that two-thirds of the fruits in that supermarket are from Hainan Island. 据说，该超市三分之二的水果是来自海南岛。 词形拓展 reporter n.记者 1306.*reporter /r'pɔ:tə/n. 记者 The reporter described the accident in detail. 记者详尽地描述了那起意外事件。 1307.republic/rɪ'pʌblik/n. 共和国 the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国 1308.*require /ri'kwarə/v. 需要；要求 A person can do what he wants to do,but he can't require to gain what he wants. 一个人可以想干什么就干什么,却不能想要什么就得到什么。 近义 need 1309.**research /r'ss:tʃ/v. 研究；调查 The historical background to the play has been very carefully and thoroughly researched.已对这个剧本的历史背景进行了细致全面的研究。 1310.*resource /rɪ'sɔs/n. 资源 This country is rich in natural resources.该国自然资源丰富。 1311.*respect /rɪ'spekt/n.&v. 尊重，敬重 I respect him for his diligence. 我敬佩他的勤奋。 The Double Ninth Festival reminds us to respect the elderly. “重阳节”提醒我们要尊重老人。 1312.response /rɪ'sppns/n. 响应；反应；作答 She has received a response from that college to her application. 她已经收到那所大学对她申请的答复。 1313.*responsibility /rIsppnsə'biləti/n. 责任；职责；责任心 We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health. 我们必须对自己的健康负责。 百 词形拓展 responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 1314.*responsible /ri'sppnsəbl/adj. 负责的；有责任的 We all think Helen is a responsible secretary. 我们都认为海伦是一个认真负责的秘书。 常用词组 be responsible for 对……负责任 1315.**rest /rest/n. 休息；剩余部分；其余的人(物) v.休息，歇息 The rest of us were allowed to go home. = The others of us were allowed to go home.我们中的其他人被允许回家。 You need to rest from your labor.You look very tired. 你看上去很疲劳，需要放下工作休息一下。 1316.restaurant /'restərpnt/n. 饭馆；饭店 I shall leave the restaurant unless the waiter comes soon. =I shall leave the restaurant if the waiter doesn’t come soon. 除非服务员马上来，否则我就离开饭店。 1317.***result /rɪ'zʌlt/n. 结果；成果 Remember,the harder you work,the more good results you will get. 记住，你越努力工作，你越会得到好的结果。 1318.retired /rr'tarəd/adj.退休的 The retired workers receive money from the government till they die. 退休工人从政府那里领取养老金直到去世为止。 1319.*return /rI't3:n/v. 回来；返回；归还；偿还 He returned the books to the library yesterday.他昨天把书还给了图书馆。 After some time,small plants begin to grow.Animals return soon after the plants return .This again makes an eco-system. 过了一段时间之后，幼苗开始生长。万物 复苏，动物也回来了。这又形成了一个生态系统。 常用词组 in return作为回报 名师点拨return是常考单词，常出现在保持句意基本不变的句型转换练习中，所以 学生一定要知道：return与come back意思相同，在句中可以互换。 例如：The girl didn't fall asleep until her mother returned last night. =The girl didn't fall asleep until her mother came back last night. 昨晚这个女孩一直没有睡着，直到她妈妈回来。 1320.*reuse /ri:'ju:z/v. 再利用 The same water was reused after chemical treatment. 原来的水经过化学处理之后再度被利用。 1321.review /rɪ'vju:/n.&v. 复习；评论 The college published a drama review . 学院出版了一份戏剧评论刊物。 Have you reviewed what we covered in class yesterday? 昨天我们课堂上讲的东西你们复习了吗? 近义 go over 1322.reward /ri'wɔ:d/n. 奖励；奖赏；报酬；报答，回报 v. 奖励；奖赏；给……以报酬 He was given the job as a reward for running a successful leadership bid. 因为成功组织了领导职位竞选活动，他得到了这份工作。 Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale. 多用心去打动顾客，货物就会更快售出。 1323.rice /rais/n. 稻；米；米饭 The southerners prefer rice and the northerners prefer food made from flour. 南方人比较喜欢吃米饭，北方人爱吃面食。 1324.rich /ritj/adj.富裕的；有钱的；味道浓的；重油的 A lot of people think that happiness is about being rich ,but I disagree. 很多人认为幸福就是富有，但我不同意。 1325.rid /rd/v. 使摆脱 It's not easy to rid oneself of a habit.要改掉一个人的习惯是不容易的。 常用词组 get rid of 摆 脱 1326.***ride /raid/(rode /rəud/, ridden /'ridan/)v. 骑(马、自行车等) n. 乘车旅行 Now my father rides his bike to work every day instead of driving. 现在我的父亲每天骑自行车去上班而不是开车去。 Whenever I go for a ride ,I leave my worries behind. 每当我骑车兜风时，总能将烦恼抛诸脑后。 1327.*right /rart/adj. 对的，正确的；恰当的；右边的 adv. 正确地；恰恰；向右，在右边 n. 右；权利 I'll try to do whatever is right .只要是正当的事，我都尽力去做。 It's quite late.We'd better go home by taxi right now. 太晚了，我们最好现在打车回家。 It's on your right.它在你右边。 反义 incorrect;wrong;left 1328.ring /rn/(rang/ræŋ/,rung/rʌŋ/)v. (钟、铃等)响；摇铃；打电话 n. 打电话；铃声；环形物 Let's hurry up.The electric bell is ringing.我们快点。电铃响了。 I will give you a ring tonight. 今天晚上我给你打电话。 1329.*rise /raɪz/(rose/rəuz/,risen/'rizan/)v. 上升；上涨；起立 The river is rising after the rain.雨后河水涨了起来。 1330.river /'rivə/n. 江，河 These factories are trying their best not to pollute the river any longer. 这些工厂正在尽力不再污染河流。 1331.*road /rəud/n. 路，道路 We should drive carefully on the road .在道路上我们应该小心驾驶。 谚语 There is a saying that confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.有句谚语：自信是走向成功的第一步。 1332.roast /rəust/v. 烤(肉) You've made a fire fit to roast an ox.你生的火很旺，足以烤一头牛了。 1333.robot /'rəubpt/n. 机器人 She worked like a robot.她工作起来如同一个机器人。 1334.rock /rpk/n. 岩 石 Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。 1335.rocket /'rokrt/n. 火 箭 This space rocket carries two satellites.这枚宇宙火箭搭载了两颗卫星。 1336.role /rəul/n. 角 色 She prefers to play comic roles.她更喜欢扮演滑稽角色。 1337.*room /ru:m/n. 房间，室；空间；地方 I shut myself in my room for a whole week.我把自己关在房间里整整一个星期。 This is a three-meter-high room .这是一个三米高的房间。 There is no room for your piano in your room .你房间里没地方放钢琴了。 1338.root /ru:t/n. 根；根源；起源 The roots of this plant go deep. 这种植物的根扎得很深。 Money is the root of all evil. 金钱是万恶之源。 1339.rope /rəup/n. 绳子 They tied the ship to the quay with ropes.他们用绳子把船拴在码头上。 1340.rose /rəuz/n. 玫瑰花 He picked her a rose .他给她采了一朵玫瑰花。 1341.rough /rʌf/adj. 粗糙的；不平的；风浪急的 It's just a very rough translation.这只是一篇非常粗糙的翻译。 1342.*round /raund/adj. 圆的；球形的 adv. 环绕地；在周围 prep. 环绕一周；围着 The child had a round face. 那孩子是圆脸。 A crowd soon gathered round .很快地围拢了一群人。 They were sitting round the kitchen table.他们正围坐在餐桌旁。 1343.*row /rəu/n. (一)排，(一)行 A row of children are standing in front of a row of chairs. 一排小孩站在一排椅子前。 1344.rubbish /'rʌbiʃ/n. 垃圾；废物 There is a pile of rubbish in the corner of the building. 在大楼的角落有一堆垃圾。 1345.rude /ru:d/adj. 无礼的，粗鲁的 It's very rude of her to leave without telling us. 她不向我们打声招呼就走了，这是非常无礼的。 1346.*rule /ru:l/n. 规则；规定 v. 统 治 You should obey the traffic rules .你应该遵守交通规则。 The king rules that country.国王统治着那个国家。 1347.*run /rʌn/(ran /ræn/, run /rʌn/)v. 跑，奔跑；经营；管理 n. 跑，奔跑 Rabbits run fast.兔子跑得快。 He runs a company.他经营一家公司。 After a six-mile run ,Jackie returns home for a substantial breakfast. 跑了6英里之后，杰姬回家吃一顿丰盛的早餐。 常用词组 run away 逃跑 run out of用完 耗尽 1348.rush /rʌʃ/v. 冲；奔跑 The students rushed into the classroom as soon as the bell rang. 铃声一响，学生就奔跑进教室。 常用词组 rush down 冲下来，冲过去 17616 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $