Unit 4 Natural Disasters 词汇写作积累阅读与语法填空练习 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语学习任务单聚焦“飓风的爆发式增强及其成因”核心内容，以梅丽莎飓风案例为切入点，串联现象描述（风速激增）、成因分析（海洋变暖与环境条件配合）及沿海风险影响，通过中英文对照文本、生词注释（如intensification, catastrophic）搭建语言理解支架，帮助学生把握科学说明文的逻辑脉络。 资料突出语言能力与思维品质的协同培养，通过真实科学情境（Nature研究、气象学家观点）提升学生语篇解读能力，强化词汇在语境中的运用。语法填空习题设计精巧，结合atmospheric scientist等专业语境考查冠词、代词、时态等语法点，引导学生在语用中提升语言准确性，体现用英语做事情的学习能力导向。

Why Hurricanes Are Getting More Powerful And Quickly 为何飓风正变得越来越强，越来越快 As oceans grow warmer, they're creating conditions that allow hurricanes to undergo rapid intensification — when a hurricane's wind speed increases by 35 mph or more within 24 hours. Hurricane Melissa grew from a tropical storm to a powerful Category 5 — 90mph and in the span of 48 hours — and forecasters predict the storm could cause catastrophic flash flooding, life-threatening landslides, and extremely strong winds across the Caribbean. 全球海洋持续变暖，正在为飓风的“爆发式增强”创造绝佳条件——所谓“爆发式增强”，是指飓风24小时内风速激增35英里/小时（约56公里/小时）及以上。梅丽莎飓风（Hurricane Melissa）正是最新例证：它在48小时内就从热带风暴迅猛增强为五级飓风，风速高达每小时145公里。气象学家预警，这场风暴或将给加勒比海地区带来灾难性山洪、致命性山体滑坡和毁灭性狂风。 undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ v. 经历，经受 intensification /ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 强化；加剧；激烈化；增强明暗度 increase by 增加了 category /ˈkætəɡəri/ n. 种类，范畴 catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/ adj.灾难性的；极糟的，失败的；大规模突变的；（与）地质灾变（有关）的 landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ 崩塌，塌方，滑坡 These types of explosive jumps have become more common in recent years, with devastating consequences. Rapid intensification only crops up in a handful of tropical cyclones each year. However, a 2023 study in Nature found that, within 240 miles of coastlines, rapidly intensifying storms are now significantly more common than they were 40 years ago. And while some hurricanes intensify over open water, those that grow rapidly before striking landfall pose a major risk to people living on the coast. 近年来，此类风暴的“爆发式增强”现象日益频繁，造成的后果也愈发惨重。虽然每年仅有少数气旋会经历爆发式增强，但《自然》杂志（Nature）2023年发布的研究证实：在距海岸线 240 英里（约400公里）范围内，经历爆发式增强的风暴出现频率较40年前显著上升。更值得警惕的是，那些在登陆前突然加速增强的飓风，对沿海居民而言意味着巨大威胁。 explosive   /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ adj.易爆的，可能引起爆炸的；暴躁的，易怒的；激增的；强有力的 n.炸药，爆炸物 devastating /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ adj.毁灭性的，极具破坏力的；令人极为震惊的；令人印象深刻的，吸引人的；极有效的，强有力的v. 毁灭，破坏；使极度震惊，使伤心欲绝 devastate 的现在分词形式 crop up 意外出现; 突然发生 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地，相当数量地； pose a major risk to 对…造成巨大威胁 Until very recently, it's been difficult to forecast rapid intensification, which can emerge suddenly, partly because so many shifting conditions need to align in order to trigger it. The development of any hurricane relies on the right environmental conditions. If water in the ocean beneath the hurricane is warm enough, it releases large amounts of energy as it evaporates, which in turn creates a dip in air pressure that whips up powerful winds. 预报这类突然增强始终是气象学界的难题。其突发性源于需要多重环境要素的精准配合：飓风发展首先需要适宜的环境条件，当飓风下方海水温度足够高时，水汽蒸发会释放巨大能量，形成低压中心从而催生强风。 emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ v. 浮现，出现；显露，知悉；形成，兴起 align /əˈlaɪn/ v. 公开支持，与……结盟；（使）排成一条直线，使平行；调整，使一致；（使）参加，加入 trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ n.（枪械等的）扳机；（尤指引发不良反应或发展的）起因，诱因；（炸弹的）引爆器，触发器v.引发，激发；起动，触发；引爆（炸弹） evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ v.（使）蒸发，挥发；消失，消散 whip up 煽动 语法填空练习： Ruby Leung, 1._______atmospheric scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, points 2.________that the influence of the ocean on tropical cyclones can be complex. She and 3._________( colleague) published a study in 2020, in 4._______they 5._______(show) how freshwater from the Amazon-Orinoco river system 6. _________(appear) to increase the chances of rapid intensification in the 7. ________(east) Caribbean and western tropical Atlantic. Hurricanes and storms in general, 8. ____________(produce) more rainfall as air temperatures rise, adds Leung, 9. _________(increase) the odds of intensification 10. _________creating a kind of feedback loop. Keys: 1.an 2.out 3. colleague 4.which 5. show 6. appear 7.eastern 8. are producing 9. increasing 10. and 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $