语法知识串讲02（动词不定式、动词ing）（期末复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材外研版

该初中英语期末复习讲义聚焦动词不定式与动名词，通过表格系统梳理语法点、常考题型及命题趋势，再分模块以知识点条目呈现具体用法，如不定式作主语的"It+be+adj.+to do"结构、作宾语的动词列表，动名词作宾语的固定搭配等，构建清晰知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与核心素养导向，基础通关单选夯实基础，重难突破语篇填空结合生活情境，易混易错专项对比（如remember to do/doing）培养思维品质，链接中考真题融入文化价值语篇提升语言能力。分层次练习适配不同学生，助力教师精准教学与学生自主复习。

专题02 语法知识串讲2（动词不定式、动名词） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 动词不定式、动名词 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 知识点01 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 ▲for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。 1. easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 2. difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 3. important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 ▲of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。 1.It’s very kind him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 2.It’s very nice you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。 ① It+be+名词+to do sth. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 1.It’s our duty take good care of the old. 2.It took me half an hour walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 3.It seemed impossible save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 4.It cost a lot of money build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。 1. walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 3. see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 4. sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 知识点02 动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 1.He can’t afford go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 2.We hope get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 3.They didn’t agree do that. 他们不同意那样做。 4.The girl decided do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 1.He found very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 2.I find useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 3.We thought wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 知识点03动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 1 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 1.I’d invite her have dinner at my house. 2.Email English is supposed be used on mobile phones. 3.Teenagers should be allowed choose their own clothes. 2 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 1.Can you help me learn English? 2.They were made work day and night. 3.She was heard sing in the room. 4.This picture makes me feel tense! 5.Of course we want see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. 知识点04 动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 1.He went to Paris learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 2.I come here only say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 3.A group of young people got together discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ②动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 I’m very glad see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 The T-shirt is too big for me wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 1.The boy is old enough to go to school. 2.Jack ran fast enough catch the bus. 知识点05动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 I can’t think of any good advice give her. I have nothing say on this question. He needs time do homework. Is that a good place hang out? You want to know the best way get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 1.I need a pen write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 2.I have a comfortable house live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3.Tom had no money and no place live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 知识点06动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。 1.My wish is become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 2.Your job today is clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 3.Their duty is look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 知识点07（7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where go. (作宾语) Where go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better up early. 2.Why not a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 动名词 动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，与现在分词的形式相同，动名词具有名词的特征，也有动词的特征，它可以有宾语，也可用状语来修饰。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 知识点01动名词作主语：动名词作主语时，谓语要用动词用第三人称单数形式。 Playing computer games too much bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 知识点02动名词作宾语：动名词可用作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性的动作。常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, excuse, face, forgive, imagine, include, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to等。 Have you finished the book? 你读完这本书了吗？ Foreign visitors are looking forward to Guilin. 外国游客期待参观桂林。 知识点03动名词作表语：多数情况下动名词作表语可以转换成作主语。 One of my duties is typing letters.= letters is one of my duties. 我的职责之一是打信件。 知识点04动名词作定语：只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 Lucy is in the hall. 露西在餐厅里。 We should improve our method. 我们应该改进学习方法。 知识点05动词不定式与动名词的用法比较 ① 动词hate, like, love, prefer等接不定式时，通常表示一次性或具体动作；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中，通常不加区别地混用。 I don’t like to do swim today. (一次具体动作) I like swimming. (习惯或爱好) I hate to go boating today. 今天我不想去划船。 I hate going boating. 我讨厌划船。 ② 动词attempt, begin, continue, intend, start等接不定式或动词名词做宾语意义不变。 We began English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。 ③ 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember, regret等，后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已发生。 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)； remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事(已做)； forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)； forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)； regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾、后悔(未做)； regret doing sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做)； 1.I remember you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 2.Please remember turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 ④ 动词mean接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。 1.I didn’t mean bother you. 我本不想打扰你。 2.What he said means there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。 ⑤ try接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示没有把握，意思是“试着做”。 try to do sth. 尽力/努力/企图做某事； try doing sth. 试验/试着做某事； 1.I’ll try up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。 2.I tried the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。 ⑥ 动词go on, stop等接不定式时，表示一种目的，意思是“继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示继续或停止所做的事情，意思是“继续或停止做”。 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来在做的事； stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事； stop doing sth. 停止做某事； Now stop listen me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。 Now stop , please. 现在停止写字。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．The fact that we are ready ________ the school sports meeting makes everyone excited. A．attend B．attending C．to attend D．attended 2．It took us three and a half hours ________ to the top of Mount Pan. A．to get B．get C．got D．getting 3．It’s time ________ the guitar now. A．play B．to play C．playing D．plays 4．Last weekend, we invited my best friend ______ to Mount Huangshan. A．go B．goes C．to go D．going 5．They decided ________ the Great Wall first because it’s the most famous landmark in China. A．to visit B．visiting C．visited D．visits 6．—Why do some wild birds fly to the south? —_______ from the cold winter here. A．Hide B．Hides C．To hide D．Hiding 7．Our teacher encourages us ________ part in the “Digital Safety” speech contest next week. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 8．Chen Jie used paper ________ a nice flower for her mother. A．make B．to make C．made D．making 9．—Look! Can you see colourful kites ________ in the sky? —Sure. It is the best time ________ kites. A．fly; flying B．flying; to fly C．flying; flying D．fly; to fly 10．The teacher allowed us ________ our digital notebooks to take notes in class. A．use B．using C．to use D．used 11．I should spend time ________ my English instead of playing games all day. A．improving B．to improve C．improve D．to improving 12．Lily and her friends all enjoy ________ English songs. A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．to singing 13．We are looking forward to ______ the Sydney Opera House during our vacation in Australia. A．see B．sees C．seeing D．saw 14．—How much do you spend ________the new jeans? —They ________ me 300 yuan. A．buying; cost B．to buy; pay C．buying; spend D．buy; take 15．—Would you mind ________ me how to find the nearest post office? —Of course not. It’s opposite the supermarket. A．show B．showing C．to show D．showed 16．We should avoid ________ too much time on short video apps. It’s bad for our eyes and study. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 17．My brother used to be afraid of ________ in public, but now he enjoys it. A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．spoke 18．________ into the habit of thinking in English rather than ________ from your own language into English helps a lot to improve your English. A．Getting, translate B．Get, translate C．Getting, translating 19．I know little Chinese and I have difficulty ________ the people here. A．understand B．understanding C．to understand 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读短文，根据上下文或括号内所给英文单词，写出空白处的英文单词以及它们的正确形式，补全文本。 Ma Wenbo, a nine-year-old boy, saved his family and people next door out of a fire on December 18th. “I noticed the strange smell at about 10 o’clock 1 night. I got up and ran towards my father’s room. When I opened the door, my father 2 (sleep). I woke him up immediately,” Ma said. Ma’s father got up 3 (quick) and ran out. However, he made a mistake—he went back to get 4 (he) phone. He soon found he couldn’t get out. Luckily, Ma was able to run out. He 5 (knock) other people’s doors and stopped a car. Then he asked the driver 6 (call) firemen. The firemen arrived in just a few minutes. They saved Ma’s father and two 7 (woman) on the fourth floor. In the end, all 18 people in 8 building were safe. Ma’s father was proud of him. “He did some training about fire at school 9 he knew what to do. He was much 10 (calm) than I was. ” 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．John refuses (race) without his brother. 2．Mr. Wu asked us (not feed) the animals there because it might make them sick. 3．We also give her a special cake and some gifts in order to (celebrate) her birthday every year. 4．We buy some toys (make) her happy. 5．We prepare all kinds of food (give) her a healthy diet. 6．After that, he tried (exercise) . 7．When we arrived at the zoo, the pandas started (come) out of their home. 8．It’s important for parents (teach) their kids to tell the difference between useful and useless digital content. 9．When the flood came, people were trying their best (protect) their families. 10．The boss required all workers (finish) the digital report by Friday. 11．Natural gas is now widely used for cooking and (heat) in Shanghai. 12．We chat and relax in the yard with black tea and biscuits. It’s our way of (connect). 13．Volunteers were busy (clear) the snow from the streets when I went to work. 14．The little boy was so interested in the game that he kept (play) it for three hours. 15．The little girl was so excited that she kept (talk) about her new tablet. 16．I grew up in a modern city, so it took me a long time to get used to (live) in this small town. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 2025温州三模 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Last month, Zhen Xin, 16, became the youngest person to complete the “Five Great Mountains Challenge” in five days. Growing up in 1 open-minded family that values learning outside the classroom, Zhen Xin is able to experience a lot of different things. 2 , when Zhen first shared her plans with her parents, they didn’t take her seriously, as they 3 (consider) it as a joke. Then she presented them with a detailed plan, they became her 4 (big) supporters. Traveling to five cities across the country in five days 5 (be) not easy. Anything could go wrong in the last minute—and it often did. “Surprisingly, I remained calm and completed my hiking 6 (successful)” Zhen said with pride. What Zhen learnt was that giving up couldn’t stop us from reaching our goal, but the tiredness caused by the long walking. 7 helps me to reach the finish line is breaking my goal into smaller ones, and achieving them one by one. Now Zhen, who will have her 8 (eighteen) birthday, is starting high school at Beijing Huiwen Middle School. Thanks to me hiking experience, she is more patient and can manage a lot of things 9 (easier). Her teacher Jin once said that dreams should 10 (realize), not to become regrets. Zhen’s next dream is the World Marathon Challenge, and she can’t wait to make it come true. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法知识串讲2（动词不定式、动名词） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 动词不定式、动名词 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 知识点01 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 ▲for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。 1.It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 2.It’s difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 3.It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 ▲of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。 1.It’s very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 2.It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。 ① It+be+名词+to do sth. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 1.It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 2.It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 3.It seemed impossible to save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 4.It cost a lot of money to build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。 1.To walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 2.( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 3.To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 4.To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 知识点02 动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 1.He can’t afford to go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 2.We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 3.They didn’t agree to do that. 他们不同意那样做。 4.The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 1.He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 2.I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 3.We thought it wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 知识点03动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 1 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 1.I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. 2.Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. 3.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 2 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 1.Can you help me (to) learn English? 2.They were made to work day and night. 3.She was heard to sing in the room. 4.This picture makes me feel tense! 5.Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. 知识点04 动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 1.He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 2.I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 3.A group of young people got together (in order/so as) to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ②动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 1.The boy is old enough to go to school. 2.Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus. 知识点05动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 1.I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 2.I have a comfortable house to live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3.Tom had no money and no place to live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 知识点06动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。 1.My wish is to become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 2.Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 3.Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 知识点07（7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better get up early. 2.Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 动名词 动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，与现在分词的形式相同，动名词具有名词的特征，也有动词的特征，它可以有宾语，也可用状语来修饰。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 知识点01动名词作主语：动名词作主语时，谓语要用动词用第三人称单数形式。 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 知识点02动名词作宾语：动名词可用作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性的动作。常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, excuse, face, forgive, imagine, include, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to等。 Have you finished reading the book? 你读完这本书了吗？ Foreign visitors are looking forward to visiting Guilin. 外国游客期待参观桂林。 知识点03动名词作表语：多数情况下动名词作表语可以转换成作主语。 One of my duties is typing letters.= Typing letters is one of my duties. 我的职责之一是打信件。 知识点04动名词作定语：只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 Lucy is in the dining hall. 露西在餐厅里。 We should improve our learning method. 我们应该改进学习方法。 知识点05动词不定式与动名词的用法比较 ① 动词hate, like, love, prefer等接不定式时，通常表示一次性或具体动作；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中，通常不加区别地混用。 I don’t like to do swim today. (一次具体动作) I like swimming. (习惯或爱好) I hate to go boating today. 今天我不想去划船。 I hate going boating. 我讨厌划船。 ② 动词attempt, begin, continue, intend, start等接不定式或动词名词做宾语意义不变。 We began learning/to learn English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。 ③ 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember, regret等，后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已发生。 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)； remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事(已做)； forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)； forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)； regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾、后悔(未做)； regret doing sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做)； 1.I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 2.Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 ④ 动词mean接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。 1.I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。 2.What he said means going there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。 ⑤ try接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示没有把握，意思是“试着做”。 try to do sth. 尽力/努力/企图做某事； try doing sth. 试验/试着做某事； 1.I’ll try to catch up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。 2.I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。 ⑥ 动词go on, stop等接不定式时，表示一种目的，意思是“继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示继续或停止所做的事情，意思是“继续或停止做”。 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来在做的事； stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事； stop doing sth. 停止做某事； Now stop to listen me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。 Now stop writing, please. 现在停止写字。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．The fact that we are ready ________ the school sports meeting makes everyone excited. A．attend B．attending C．to attend D．attended 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们准备好参加学校运动会这一事实让每个人都很兴奋。 考查非谓语动词。“are ready”后缺少宾语，且此处指“准备好做某事”，用“be ready to do sth.”的结构，空处应填不定式“to attend”。故选C。 2．It took us three and a half hours ________ to the top of Mount Pan. A．to get B．get C．got D．getting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们花了三个半小时才到达盘山顶峰。 考查非谓语动词。to get到达，动词不定式；get到达，动词原形；got到达，动词过去式；getting到达，动名词或现在分词。根据“It took us three hours and a half...to the top of Mount Pan.”可知，此处为固定句型“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，因此此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故选A。 3．It’s time ________ the guitar now. A．play B．to play C．playing D．plays 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在是时候弹吉他了。 考查非谓语动词。It’s time to do sth.表示“是时候做某事”，固定用法，所以使用其不定式形式to play。故选B。 4．Last weekend, we invited my best friend ______ to Mount Huangshan. A．go B．goes C．to go D．going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周末，我们邀请了我最好的朋友一起去黄山。 考查非谓语动词。go去，动词原形；goes去，动词第三人称单数形式；to go去，动词不定式；going去，动名词或现在分词。invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”。故选C。 5．They decided ________ the Great Wall first because it’s the most famous landmark in China. A．to visit B．visiting C．visited D．visits 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们决定先去参观长城，因为它是中国最著名的地标。 考查非谓语动词。to visit参观，动词不定式；visiting参观，动名词；visited参观，动词过去式；visits参观，动词第三人称单数形式。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，为固定用法，动词需用不定式形式。故选A。 6．—Why do some wild birds fly to the south? —_______ from the cold winter here. A．Hide B．Hides C．To hide D．Hiding 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么一些野生鸟类要飞往南方？——为了躲避这里寒冷的冬天。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。Hide隐藏，动词原形；Hides隐藏，第三人称单数形式；To hide为了隐藏，动词不定式；Hiding隐藏，现在分词。根据“Why”可知，此处询问野生鸟类飞往南方的原因，用动词不定式表示目的。故填C。 7．Our teacher encourages us ________ part in the “Digital Safety” speech contest next week. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师鼓励我们参加下周的“数字安全”演讲比赛。 考查动词encourage的用法。encourage sb to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 8．Chen Jie used paper ________ a nice flower for her mother. A．make B．to make C．made D．making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：陈洁用纸制作一朵漂亮的花给她的妈妈。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。make制作；to make去制作；made制作了；making制作中。根据“use sth. to do sth.”固定结构，表示“用某物做某事”，此处需用不定式“to make”表达目的，意为“用纸来制作花”。故选B。 9．—Look! Can you see colourful kites ________ in the sky? —Sure. It is the best time ________ kites. A．fly; flying B．flying; to fly C．flying; flying D．fly; to fly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！你能看到五颜六色的风筝在天空飞翔吗？——当然。这是放风筝的最好时间。 考查非谓语动词。fly飞，动词原形；flying飞，动名词/现在分词；to fly飞，动词不定式。see sth. doing看见某物正在……，所以第一空用现在分词flying，排除选项A和D；it is the best time to do sth.是做某事的最好时间，所以第二空用动词不定式to fly。故选B。 10．The teacher allowed us ________ our digital notebooks to take notes in class. A．use B．using C．to use D．used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师允许我们在课堂上使用我们的电子笔记本做笔记。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处应该用动词不定式to use。故选C。 11．I should spend time ________ my English instead of playing games all day. A．improving B．to improve C．improve D．to improving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我应该花时间提高我的英语，而不是整天玩游戏。 考查非谓语。improving提高，动名词；to improve提高，不定式；improve提高，动词原形；to improving结构错误。spend time doing sth花时间做某事，固定搭配。因此空格处需用动名词形式。故选A。 12．Lily and her friends all enjoy ________ English songs. A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．to singing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：莉莉和她的朋友都喜欢唱英文歌。 考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选B。 13．We are looking forward to ______ the Sydney Opera House during our vacation in Australia. A．see B．sees C．seeing D．saw 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们期待在澳大利亚度假期间参观悉尼歌剧院。 考查固定短语。look forward to其后需接名词或动名词形式。see看，动词原形；sees看，第三人称单数形式；seeing看，动名词形式；saw看，过去式。故选C。 14．—How much do you spend ________the new jeans? —They ________ me 300 yuan. A．buying; cost B．to buy; pay C．buying; spend D．buy; take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你买这条新牛仔裤花了多少钱？——它们花了我300元。 考查动词辨析和固定搭配。cost花费，主语是物；pay付钱，主语是人，搭配为sb. pay money for sth.意为“某人为某物支付多少钱”；spend花费，主语是人，搭配为sb. spend some money (in) doing sth.意为“某人花费金钱做某事”；take花费，搭配为It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。由“spend”可知，第一个空应填buying；第二个空的主语“They”指代上文的“jeans”，是物，所以应该用cost。故选A。 15．—Would you mind ________ me how to find the nearest post office? —Of course not. It’s opposite the supermarket. A．show B．showing C．to show D．showed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我如何找到最近的邮局吗？——当然不介意。它在超市对面。 考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth “介意做某事”，后需跟动名词形式。故选B。 16．We should avoid ________ too much time on short video apps. It’s bad for our eyes and study. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该避免在短视频应用上花费太多时间。这对我们的眼睛和学习都不好。    考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，avoid后接动名词作宾语，spend的动名词形式是spending。故选C。 17．My brother used to be afraid of ________ in public, but now he enjoys it. A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我哥哥过去害怕在公共场合说话，但现在他享受它。 考查非谓语动词。be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”，后需跟动名词形式。故选B。 18．________ into the habit of thinking in English rather than ________ from your own language into English helps a lot to improve your English. A．Getting, translate B．Get, translate C．Getting, translating 【答案】C 【详解】句意：养成用英语思考的习惯，而不是把母语翻译成英语，这对提高英语水平有很大帮助。 考查动名词作主语和平行结构。Getting动名词；Get动词原形；translate动词原形；translating动名词。第一空，需用动名词作主语，故用Getting；第二空，rather than连接并列结构，与thinking in English平行，作of的宾语，需用动名词translating。故选C。 19．I know little Chinese and I have difficulty ________ the people here. A．understand B．understanding C．to understand 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我懂的中文很少，理解这里的人有困难。 考查非谓语动词。根据“have difficulty”可知，此处是固定搭配“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”，意为“做某事有困难”，此处应用动名词形式。故选B。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 阅读短文，根据上下文或括号内所给英文单词，写出空白处的英文单词以及它们的正确形式，补全文本。 Ma Wenbo, a nine-year-old boy, saved his family and people next door out of a fire on December 18th. “I noticed the strange smell at about 10 o’clock 1 night. I got up and ran towards my father’s room. When I opened the door, my father 2 (sleep). I woke him up immediately,” Ma said. Ma’s father got up 3 (quick) and ran out. However, he made a mistake—he went back to get 4 (he) phone. He soon found he couldn’t get out. Luckily, Ma was able to run out. He 5 (knock) other people’s doors and stopped a car. Then he asked the driver 6 (call) firemen. The firemen arrived in just a few minutes. They saved Ma’s father and two 7 (woman) on the fourth floor. In the end, all 18 people in 8 building were safe. Ma’s father was proud of him. “He did some training about fire at school 9 he knew what to do. He was much 10 (calm) than I was. ” 【答案】1．at 2．was sleeping 3．quickly 4．his 5．knocked 6．to call 7．women 8．the 9．so 10．calmer 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个九岁的男孩马文博在火灾中救了他的家人和隔壁的人的故事。 1．句意：我在晚上十点左右注意到奇怪的气味。表示“在晚上”用介词短语at night。故填at。 2．句意：当我打开门时，我爸爸正在睡觉。根据“When I opened the door”可知，这里指爸爸正在睡觉，此处用到固定所以应用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”，主语是“my father”，be动词用was，故填was sleeping。 3．句意：马的爸爸快速地起床并且跑了出去。此处要用形容词quick的副词形式quickly修饰动词短语got up，指他很快地起床。故填quickly。 4．句意：他回去拿他的手机。此处要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词phone，意为“他的手机”，he的形容词性物主代词是his。故填his。 5．句意：他敲其他人的门并拦下一辆车。根据并列谓语动词stopped可知此处要用一般过去时，knock的过去式为knocked。故填knocked。 6．句意：然后他让司机打电话给消防员。表达“让某人做某事”用ask sb. to do sth.所以此处应该填to call。故填to call。 7．句意：他们救了马的父亲和四楼的两名女性。根据前面的two可知此处要用复数，woman的复数形式为women。故填women。 8．句意：最后，这栋楼里的18个人都安全了。此处要用定冠词the表示特指，特指“这栋楼”。故填the。 9．句意：他在学校做了一些关于火灾的训练，所以他知道做什么。此处前后两个句子是因果关系，应用连词so。故填so。 10．句意：他比我冷静多了。根据句子中的than，可知此处要用比较级。calm的比较级为calmer。故填calmer。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．John refuses (race) without his brother. 【答案】to race 【详解】句意：John拒绝在没有他哥哥的情况下参加比赛。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”，固定搭配，所以此处要用动词不定式形式；race在这里是动词，意为“参加比赛”，其不定式是to race。故填to race。 2．Mr. Wu asked us (not feed) the animals there because it might make them sick. 【答案】not to feed 【详解】句意：吴先生让我们不要在那里喂动物，因为这可能会让它们生病。根据“asked us...”以及提示词可知考查短语“ask sb not to do sth”，表示“让某人不要做某事”，用不定式的否定形式作宾语补足语，补充说明“us”被要求的具体内容。故填 not to feed。 3．We also give her a special cake and some gifts in order to (celebrate) her birthday every year. 【答案】celebrate 【详解】句意：我们每年也会给她一个特别的蛋糕和一些礼物，为了庆祝她的生日。celebrate庆祝，动词；“in order to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“为了做某事”，其中in order to后接动词原形作目的状语；celebrate用原形即可。故填celebrate。 4．We buy some toys (make) her happy. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：我们买一些玩具来让她开心。make使，动词；此处用不定式“to make”作目的状语，表示买玩具的目的是让她开心；make的不定式形式为to make。故填to make。 5．We prepare all kinds of food (give) her a healthy diet. 【答案】to give 【详解】句意：我们准备各种食物是为了给她提供健康的饮食。根据“We prepare all kinds of food...her a healthy diet”可知空格处需填入动词不定式，表示“准备食物”的目的，作目的状语。give的不定式为to give。故填to give。 6．After that, he tried (exercise) . 【答案】to exercise 【详解】句意：在那之后，他努力锻炼。根据“he tried...”可知空格处需填入不定式作宾语，构成短语“try to do”，表示“努力做某事”。exercise的不定式为to exercise。故填to exercise。 7．When we arrived at the zoo, the pandas started (come) out of their home. 【答案】to come 【详解】句意：当我们到达动物园时，熊猫们开始从它们的窝里出来。come来，动词；“start to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”；come的不定式形式是to come。故填to come。 8．It’s important for parents (teach) their kids to tell the difference between useful and useless digital content. 【答案】to teach 【详解】句意：对父母来说，教会孩子区分有用和无用的数字内容是很重要的。“It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，it作形式主语，真正主语为不定式。故填to teach。 9．When the flood came, people were trying their best (protect) their families. 【答案】to protect 【详解】句意：当洪水来临时，人们正尽全力保护他们的家人。“try one’s best to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“尽某人最大努力去做某事”，所以横线处需填动词不定式形式。protect“保护”，动词，其不定式形式为to protect。故填to protect。 10．The boss required all workers (finish) the digital report by Friday. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：老板要求所有员工在周五前完成这份电子报告。finish完成，动词；“require sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，“finish”的动词不定式形式为“to finish”。故填to finish。 11．Natural gas is now widely used for cooking and (heat) in Shanghai. 【答案】heating 【详解】句意：天然气现在在上海被广泛用于烹饪和供暖。根据“cooking and...”可知，横线处需填动名词形式与cooking并列，heat“加热”，动词，其动名词形式为heating。故填heating。 12．We chat and relax in the yard with black tea and biscuits. It’s our way of (connect). 【答案】connecting 【详解】句意：我们在院子里边聊天边放松，喝着红茶，吃着饼干。这是我们建立联系的方式。“way of” 表示“……的方式”，其后应接名词或动名词。这里，动名词“connecting”更符合语境，表示“建立联系的方式”，强调一种行为或过程。故填connecting。 13．Volunteers were busy (clear) the snow from the streets when I went to work. 【答案】clearing 【详解】句意：当我去上班时，志愿者们正忙着清理街上的雪。根据“Volunteers were busy ... the snow”可知，be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”。故填clearing。 14．The little boy was so interested in the game that he kept (play) it for three hours. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：这个小男孩对这个游戏如此感兴趣，以至于他连续玩了三个小时。“keep doing sth.”是固定用法，意为“持续做某事”，后接动名词（动词 - ing 形式）作宾语。故填playing 15．The little girl was so excited that she kept (talk) about her new tablet. 【答案】talking 【详解】句意：那个小女孩如此兴奋，以至于她一直在谈论她的新平板电脑。根据“kept”可知，keep doing sth是固定用法，意为“一直做某事”。因此，talk需变为动名词形式talking。故填talking。 16．I grew up in a modern city, so it took me a long time to get used to (live) in this small town. 【答案】living 【详解】句意：我在一个现代化的城市里长大，所以我花了很长时间才习惯在这个小镇上生活。get used to doing sth“习惯做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动名词。故填living。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 2025温州三模 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Last month, Zhen Xin, 16, became the youngest person to complete the “Five Great Mountains Challenge” in five days. Growing up in 1 open-minded family that values learning outside the classroom, Zhen Xin is able to experience a lot of different things. 2 , when Zhen first shared her plans with her parents, they didn’t take her seriously, as they 3 (consider) it as a joke. Then she presented them with a detailed plan, they became her 4 (big) supporters. Traveling to five cities across the country in five days 5 (be) not easy. Anything could go wrong in the last minute—and it often did. “Surprisingly, I remained calm and completed my hiking 6 (successful)” Zhen said with pride. What Zhen learnt was that giving up couldn’t stop us from reaching our goal, but the tiredness caused by the long walking. 7 helps me to reach the finish line is breaking my goal into smaller ones, and achieving them one by one. Now Zhen, who will have her 8 (eighteen) birthday, is starting high school at Beijing Huiwen Middle School. Thanks to me hiking experience, she is more patient and can manage a lot of things 9 (easier). Her teacher Jin once said that dreams should 10 (realize), not to become regrets. Zhen’s next dream is the World Marathon Challenge, and she can’t wait to make it come true. 【答案】 1．an 2．However 3．considered 4．biggest 5．is 6．successfully 7．What 8．eighteenth 9．more easily 10．be realized 【导语】本文介绍了16岁的甄欣在开明家庭支持下，用5天完成“五岳挑战”成为最年轻登顶者。尽管父母最初认为这是玩笑，但她用详细计划赢得支持。旅途中她保持冷静成功完成徒步，并将大目标分解为小目标逐个实现。这次经历使她更耐心，现就读北京汇文中学，并立志实现世界马拉松挑战赛的梦想。 1．句意：在一个重视课外学习的思想开明的家庭中长大。根据“Growing up in...open-minded family that values learning outside the classroom.”可知，句中“family”是可数名词单数，这里表示“一个”思想开明的家庭，“open-minded”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“an” 来修饰。故填an。 2．句意：然而，当甄最初和她的父母分享她的计划时，他们没有把她的话当真。根据“...when Zhen first shared her plans with her parents, they didn’t take her seriously”可知，前文提到甄欣成长在一个思想开明的家庭，能体验很多不同的事情，后文说父母一开始没把她的计划当回事，前后是转折关系。“However”意为“然而”，表示转折，符合语境，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填However。 3．句意：当甄最初和她的父母分享她的计划时，他们没有把她的话当真。因为他们把这当作一个玩笑。根据“when Zhen first shared her plans with her parents, they didn’t take her seriously, as they...it as a joke.”可知，她的父母“认为”她的话是一个玩笑。这里说的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时，“consider”意为“认为”，其过去式是“considered”。故填considered。 4．句意：然后她向他们展示了一个详细的计划，他们成为了她最大的支持者。根据“Then she presented them with a detailed plan, they became her...supporters.”可知，这里是说父母在看到详细计划后，成为了她“最有力”的支持者，此处用“big”的最高级形式“biggest”，意为“最大的”，符合语境。故填biggest。 5．句意：在五天内游历全国五个城市是不容易的。根据“Traveling to five cities across the country in five days...not easy.”可知，句中“Traveling to five cities across the country in five days”是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。这里说的是一般情况，用一般现在时，所以使用“be”动词的第三人称单数形式“is”。故填is。 6．句意：令人惊讶的是，我保持冷静并成功地完成了我的徒步旅行。根据“Surprisingly, I remained calm and completed my hiking...”可知，句中“completed”是动词，需要用副词来修饰，“successful”的副词形式是“successfully”，表示“成功地”。故填successfully。 7．句意：帮助我到达终点线的是把我的目标分解成更小的目标，然后一个一个地实现它们。根据“...helps me to reach the finish line is breaking my goal into smaller ones, and achieving them one by one.”可知，句中此处“...helps me to reach the finish line”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，用“what”引导，指代“帮助我到达终点线的事情”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填What。 8．句意：现在，即将迎来她十八岁生日的甄欣，在北京汇文中学开始上高中。根据“Now Zhen, who will have her...birthday, is starting high school at Beijing Huiwen Middle School.”可知，此处表示甄欣的“十八岁”生日，应该使用序数词，“eighteen”的序数词形式是“eighteenth”。故填eighteenth。 9．句意：多亏了徒步旅行的经历，她更有耐心了，也能更轻松地处理很多事情。根据“Thanks to me hiking experience, she is more patient and can manage a lot of things...”可知，句中“manage”是动词，需要用副词来修饰，“easier”是形容词“easy”的比较级，其副词形式是“more easily”，这里用“more easily”表示“更轻松地”，符合语境。故填more easily。 10．句意：她的老师金曾经说过，梦想应该被实现，而不是成为遗憾。根据“Her teacher Jin once said that dreams should...not to become regrets.”可知，句中“dreams”和“realize”之间是被动关系，即“梦想被实现”，“should”是情态动词，其被动语态结构是“should be+动词过去分词”，“realize”的过去分词是“realized”。故填be realized。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $