选修1 进阶时态讲解-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） Unit1进阶时态讲解 考频分析 进阶时态是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效率）。在 语境复杂的题目中，进阶时态的辨析（如过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时等）常常是理解句子 逻辑和解题的关键。 考查内容 高中英语对进阶时态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖复杂用法与语境应用： ·时态结构与标志词：过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时的构成形式及时间状 语匹配； ·时态辨析与语境选择：过去完成时与一般过去时的先后关系，现在完成时与现在完成进行时的动作持续 性对比，将来完成时与一般将来时的完成状态区分； ·时态综合运用：在复合句（状语从句、宾语从句）中主从句时态呼应，情境对话中的时态得体运用及上 下文时态一致性判断。 精讲精练 知识点一：进阶时态讲解 ·1.现在完成时（表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态） -构成：have/has+过去分词 -时间标志词：already(已经)、yet(尚未)、just(刚刚)、since(自从)、for+时间段 -例句：口I have finished my homework.Now I can watch TV.(过去动作对现在的影响)口She has lived in Shanghai for10 years.(动作持续到现在) ·2.过去完成时（表过去某动作之前已完成的动作，“过去的过去”） -构成：had+过去分词 一逻辑标志：常与一般过去时连用，强调“过去某时之前” -例句：☐When I arrived at the station,the train had already left.(火车离开在到达之前)口She told me she had seen the movie twice..(“看过电影”在“告诉”之前) ·3.将来完成时（表将来某时前将完成的动作） -构成：will have+过去分词 -时间标志：by+将来时间点(by next Monday/by the end of this year) -例句：口By this time tomorrow,I will have finished the project..(明天此时前完成)口They will have lived here for20 years by2026.(2026年前满20年) ·4.现在完成进行时（表从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作） -构成：have/has been+现在分词 一特点：强调动作的持续性和未完成性 -例句：☐It has been raining for three hours.(雨持续下了三小时，可能还在下)口She has been studying English since8o'clock.(从8点一直学到现在) 【即学即练】 1.【现在完成时】I_(finish)my homework,so I can go out to play now. 2.【过去完成时】When he got to the cinema,the film_(begin)already. 3.【将来完成时】By the end of next year,we_(learn)5000 English words, 4.【现在完成进行时】She_(study)Chinese for5 years,and she is still learning it.. 5.【时态辨析】选择正确的时态：He_(live)in Beijing for10 years.(现在还在北京) A.lived B.has lived C.had lived D.will live 选修1|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·1.将来进行时（将来某时刻正在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at this time tomorrow(明天这个时候)、at8p.m.next Sunday(下周日晚上8点)、this time next week(下周这个时候)、when+一般将来时句子（如When you arrive tomorrow) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+will be+动词现在分词(doing) 一例句： -口I will be having dinner at7p.m.tomorrow.(明天晚上7点我将正在吃晚饭) -口They will be playing football this time next Sunday.(下周日这个时候他们将正在踢足球) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+will be being+动词过去分词(will be being体现“将来进行时”，过去分词体现“被 动”) 一例句 -口Dinner will be being cooked by my mom at6p.m.tomorrow.(明天晚上6点晚饭将正在被我妈 妈做) -口A speech will be being given by the principal at this time next Monday.(下周一这个时候校长将 正在做演讲) ·2.将来完成时（将来某时前已完成的动作） 1.时间标志词 -by+将来时间点（如by2027、by next month)、by the time+一般现在时句子（如by the time you graduate)、before+将来时间点（如before this Friday) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+will have+动词过去分词 一例句： -口Ne will have learned3000 words by the end of this term.(到本学期末我们将已学3000个单词) -She will have finished college by2028.(到2028年她将已大学毕业) 3.被动语态 一结构：主语+will have been+动词过去分词(will have been体现“将来完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动”) -例句： -☐30o0 words will have been learned by us by the end of this term.(到本学期末3000个单词将 已被我们学完) -口The project will have been completed by them before next Friday..(到下周五前这个项目将已被 他们完成) ·3.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 1.核心区别 一过去进行时：强调过去某一时刻时间段正在进行的动作（未完成） 一一般过去时：强调过去某个时间点发生的短暂动作（已完成） 2.对比例句 -a.过去进行时：She was reading a book when the phone rang.(电话响时她正在看书，看书动作 未完成) -b.一般过去时：She read a book last night..(昨晚她看了一本书，动作已完成) 3.时间标志对比 -过去进行时：at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点，具体时刻)、from7to9 last night(昨晚7到9 点，时间段) -一般过去时：yesterday evening(昨晚，笼统时间)、two hours ago(两小时前，时间点) ·4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1.时间标志区别 -现在完成时：for+时间段（如for5 years,与现在相关）、since+过去时间点（如since2018,从 过去持续到现在)、so far(到目前为止) -一般过去时：yesterday(昨天)、last year(去年)、in2018(在2018年，与现在无关) 2.影响区别 -现在完成时：强调对现在的影响或结果（如“I have lost my key..Ican't open the door..”钥匙丢了 导致现在打不开门) -一般过去时：仅陈述过去事实，与现在无关（如“I lost my key last week.But I found it yesterday..” 上周丢钥匙，现在已找到，对现在无影响) 3.对比例句 -a.现在完成时：He has lived in Beijing for10 years..(他在北京住了10年，现在可能还在) -b.一般过去时：He lived in Beijing for10 years.(他在北京住过10年，现在已搬走) ·5.被动语态的特殊情况 1.不及物动词无被动语态 -常见不及物动词：happen(发生人、appear(出现)disappear(消失)、come(来)、go(去) -例句：The accident happened last night.(事故昨晚发生了，不可说“The accident was happened..") 2.主动表被动的固定搭配 -be worth doing(值得做)、need doing(需要被做)、require doing(需要被做) 一例句： -口This book is worth reading.(这本书值得读，主动形式表被动含义) -口The bike needs repairing..(这辆自行车需要修理，=The bike needs to be repaired) 3.感官动词的被动语态 -see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)等感官动词，主动语态中省略to的 不定式作宾补，被动语态中需还原to 一例句： -主动：Ne saw him enter the room.(我们看见他进了房间) -被动：He was seen to enter the room by us.(他被我们看见进了房间，to不可省略) 知识点三：情态动词及虚拟语气 ·1.情态动词基本用法 1.can/could(能力、许可、推测) -能力：She can speak three languages.(现在能力)→He could swim when he was five.(过去能 力) -推测（否定/疑问）：Can the news be true？(可能吗？)→t couldn't rain tomorrow..(不太可能) 2.may/might(许可、推测) -许可：May I leave the classroom？(正式请求)→You might go now.(委婉许可) -推测（可能性低于must):She may be at home now.(可能在家）→He might have missed the bus.(过去可能性) 3.must/have to(必须、推测) -主观必须：Ne must follow the school rules.→客观必须：I have to work overtime today. -肯定推测：This must be his book.(一定是他的) ·2.情态动词表“推测”时态辨析 时态 结构示例 例句 对现在推测 must/may/might do He must know the answer..(他肯定知道答案) 对过去推测 must/may/might have done She might have forgotten the meeting.(她可能忘了会议) 对正在进行推测 must/may be doing They must be playing basketball now.(他们现在一定在打篮球) ·3.虚拟语气基础 1.与现在事实相反(if从句用过去时，主句用would/could/might+do) -If I had more time,I would learn to play the piano.(我要是有更多时间，就会学钢琴) 2.与过去事实相反(if从句用had done,主句用would/could/might+have done) -She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.(她要是更努力，就能通过考试了) 3.与将来事实相反(if从句用should do/were to do/过去时，主句用would+do) -If it should rain tomorrow,we would cancel the picnic.(万一下雨，我门就取消野餐) ·4.虚拟语气特殊句型 1.“建议、要求、命令”类动词后的宾语从句(should+do,should可省略) -suggest/propose/require/order:The teacher suggested we(should)finish the task by Friday. 2.lt's+adj.+that从句(should+do,adj.w如important/necessary) -lt's necessary that we(should)keep quiet in the library.(图书馆里我们必须保持安静) 3.wish后的宾语从句（现在：did/were;过去：had done;将来：would do) -I wish I were taller.(现在事实相反)→She wishes she had attended the party.(过去事实相反) 选修1|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：将来进行时辨析 ·核心：根据将来某特定时刻的时间标志词，判断动作是否为正在进行的状态，选择将来进行时的主动或 被动形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： This time next month,we _(travel)through Europe.We have already booked the flights -答案：will be travelling解析：由时间标志词“This time next month”可知，动作在将来某特定时刻正 在进行，用将来进行时主动语态；结构为will be+现在分词，travel的现在分词为travelling。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -When you arrive at the station tomorrow,I-for you at the entrance. A.wait B.will wait C.will be waiting D.have waited -答案：C解析：由时间标志词hen you arrive tomorrow”可知，主句动作在将来某时刻正在进行， 用将来进行时主动语态，结构为wbe+现在分词，故选C。 考法二：时态与被动语态融合 ·核心：结合时间标志词判断时态，同时根据动作逻辑关系确定主动或被动语态 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The new library_(complete)by the end of next year.It will be open to students then. -答案：will have been completed解析：由时间标志词"by the end of next year'”可知用将来完成时；”图 书馆”与”完成”是被动关系，结构为"will have been+过去分词”，complete的过去分词为completed。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -A lectureby Professor Li at this time next Monday. A.is given B.will be given C.will be being given D.has been given -答案：C解析：由时间标志词”at this time next Monday'”可知用将来进行时；”讲座”与”给予”是被动 关系，结构为”will be being+过去分词”，故选C。 考法三：时态、被动语态与情态动词推测的综合应用 ·核心：结合语境判断时态（现在完成时/过去完成时将来完成时）、被动语态结构及情态动词表推测的用 (must/may/might have been done) ·真题1（单顶选择）： -The project_by the team by next Friday,so they_be working overtime these days. A.will have completed;must B.will have been completed;must C.will be completed;might D.has been completed;may 一答案：B解析：第一空由时间标志词“by next Friday”可知用将来完成时，主语“project'”是动作 “complete”的承受者，需用被动语态，结构为“will have been+过去分词”；第二空表肯定推测“ 定在加班”，用“must be doing”,故选B。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The old bridge_(build)for over 100 years,so it_(replace)by a new one next year.Local people -(visit)it every day before it closes. -答、：has been built;will be replaced;have been visiting -解析：第一空由“for over100 years'”可知用现在完成时被动语态，结构为“has been+过去分词”； 第二空由“next year'”可知用一般将来时被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”；第三空由before it closes”可知动作从过去持续到现在且可能仍在进行，用现在完成进行时，结构为“have been+现 在分词”。 选修1|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 将来进行主动态，“will be doing”牢牢记； 将来进行被动态，“will be being done”莫忘记； 将来完成主动态，“will have done”辨清晰； 将来完成被动态，“will have been done”是真谛； 情态推测被动时，“must/may/might have been done?”要注意。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.By the time you graduate next year,this stadium-for 20 years. A.will be built B.will have been built C.has been built D.was built 2.When the guests arrive at 6 p.m.tomorrow,we the dinner table. A.will set B.set C.will be setting D.have set 3.The missing walletin the park yesterday,but it's not confirmed yet. A.may find B.might be found C.might have been found D.must have found 4.She_in this company for 15 years by 2026,so she plans to retire then. A.will work B.will have worked C.has worked D.works 5.A new film-by the famous director at this time next month. A.will be made B.is made C.will be being made D.has been made 6.My brotherbasketball for three hours when I arrived home,so he was very tired. A.had played B.was playing C.has been playing D.played 7.If you had told me earlier,I__you at the airport yesterday. A.would meet B.would have met C.will meet D.met 8.The experiment_since 9 o'clock this morning,and the results will be announced soon. A.is being done B.has been done C.has been being done D.was done 9.You_the meeting yesterday-your absence caused many problems. A.must attend B.should have attended C.might attend D.would attend 10.This novelinto 10 languages by the end of next year. A.will translate B.has translated C.will have been translated D.is translated 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.By this time next week,we_(travel)to Japan for our summer vacation.