选修1 名词性从句-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） Chapter4名词性从句 考频分析 名词性从句是高中英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个题型：单项选择(1-2 题)、阅读理解（长难句分析）、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（提升句式复杂度）。在语法填空和书面表 达中，连接词的选择及从句语序往往是考察重点。 考查内容 高中英语对名词性从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖语法结构与语境应用： ·从句类型辨析：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的引导词选择(that,if/whether,连接代词 who/what/which,连接副词when/where/why/ho); ·语序规则应用：从句需用陈述语序，区分疑问词引导时的语序转换； ·特殊用法掌握：it作形式主语/宾语的替代结构，同位语从句与定语从句的区别，whether与if的用法差 异。 精讲精练 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及基础用法 ·1.主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） -引导词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which/whose)、连接副 词(when/where/why/how) -例句：口What he said surprised everyone.(what引导主语从句，作从句宾语)口It is important that we study hard.(it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句) ·2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语） -引导词：that(无意义，可省略)、whether/if(是否)、入连接代词、连接副词 -例句：口She doesn't know where he lives..(where引导宾语从句，作从句地点状语)口I wonder if he will come tomorrow.(if引导宾语从句，表“是否”) ·3.表语从句（在句中作表语，位于系动词后） -引导词：that(不可省略)、whether、连接代词、连接副词 -例句：口The problem is how we can solve it.(how引导表语从句，作从句方式状语)口My hope is that I can enter a good university.(that引导表语从句，无实际意义) ·4.同位语从句（在名词后补充说明该名词的具体内容） -常见先行词：fact/news/idea/promise/doubt等 -引导词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether -例句：口Ve heard the news that our team won the game.(that引导同位语从句，解释news内容) 口There is no doubt that he is honest..(that引导同位语从句，补充说明doubt) 【即学即练】 1.【从句类型辨析】Which of the following is an appositive clause? A.I know where he lives. B.The news that our team won made us happy. C.My question is how to get there. D.That he came late surprised us. 2.【形式主语】请补全句子：Lis necessary that we finish the work on time 3.【宾语从句引导词】She asked me_.I had seen her pen.(用whether/if填空) 4.【表语从句】The problem is_we can get enough money..(用how/that填空) 5.【同位语从句先行词】同位语从句的常见先行词多为一（抽象/具体）名词，如fact,idea等。 选修1|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：名词性从句的连接词用法与区别 ·1.that与what的区别（主语、宾语、表语从句中） 1.that(无意义，不充当成分) 一用于从句成分完整时，只起连接作用。 -例句： -口That he will come tomorrow is certain..(主语从句，从句成分完整，that不充当成分) -口She said(that)she would help us.(宾语从句，that可省略，不充当成分) 2.what(什么所…的，充当主语、宾语、表语) 一用于从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，指代具体内容。 一例句： -口hat matters most is health.(主语从句，what作从句主语，意为“重要的事") -口Idon't know what he wants.(宾语从句，what作从句宾语，意为“他想要的东西") ·2.whether与if的区别（宾语从句中） 1.可互换的情况(“是否”，引导及物动词后的宾语从句) -例句： -I wonder whether/if he will attend the meeting.(whether/if均可，作wonder的宾语) 2.只能用whether的情况 -a.介词后 -例句：Depend on whether it rains tomorrow.(介词on后，用whether) -b.与or not直接连用 -例句：Ican't decide whether to go or not..(whether与or not连用，不可用if) -c.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 -例句：Vhether he will come is unknown.(主语从句，用whether) ·3.连接副词when/where/why/how的用法（充当状语） -含义及功能：在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，意为“何时何地/为何如何”。 -例句： -口Do you know when the party will start?(宾语从句，when作从句时间状语) -口That's where we met for the first time.(表语从句，where作从句地点状语) 一口The reason why he was late is clear..(定语从句，why作从句原因状语一注：此处补充说明连接 副词在定语从句中的常见混淆点，与名词性从句区分) -口Please tell me how to solve this problem.(宾语从句，how作从句方式状语) ·4.同位语从句与定语从句的区分(tht的作用) 1.同位语从句：that无意义，不充当成分，解释先行词的具体内容（先行词多为抽象名词） -例句：The news that our team won(同位语从句，that不充当成分，解释news内容) 2.定语从句：that充当主语或宾语，修饰先行词（先行词可指人或物） -例句：The news that he told me is true.(定语从句，that作从句宾语，指代news,可省略) 知识点三：名词性从句的时态、语序及虚拟语气 ·1.时态一致原则（主从句时态呼应） 一基础规则（主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态）： *口主句谓语为一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去 完成时) *例句： *口He said(that)he was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday.(主句一般过去时，从句过去进行时) *She asked if we had finished the project.(主句-般过去时，从句过去完成时) -特殊情况（从句表客观真理事实，用一般现在时）： *例句：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.(从句表客观真理，用一般现在时) ·2.陈述语序规则（从句用主谓陈述句语序） -错误结构（疑问句语序）：Do you know where is the library?(错误) -正确结构（陈述语序）：Do you know where the library is?(正确，where引导宾语从句，用主谓顺序) 一例句对比： *口What is he doing?(特殊疑问句，疑问句语序) *☐I wonder what he is doing.(宾语从句，陈述语序：what+主语he+谓语is doing) ·3.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 -表示“建议、命令、要求”的词后的宾语从句(should+动词原形，should可省略)： *常见动词：suggest(建议)、insist(坚持要求)、demand(要求)、order(命令) *例句： *口The doctor suggested that he(should)take more exercise.(suggest后的宾语从句用虚拟语气) *口Ve demanded that the meeting(should)be put off..(demand后的宾语从句用虚拟语气) 一tis+形容词后的主语从句(should+动词原形，should可省略)： *常见形容词：important(重要的)、necessary(必要的)、strange(奇怪的) *例句：It is important that we(should)protect the environment.(主语从句用虚拟语气) 选修1|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：连接词that与what的辨析 ·核心：根据从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语，区分使用that(无意义，不充当成分)和what(充当成分， 指代具体内容) ·真题1（语法填空）： --he succeeded in the exam surprised everyone. -答案：That解析：从句“he succeeded in the exam”成分完整（主语he,谓语succeeded,状语in the exam),故用that引导主语从句，that无意义且不充当成分，置于句首不可省略。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Can you tell meyou need for the trip? A.that B.what C.if D.whether -答案：B解析：从句缺少need的宾语，需用hat充当成分，指代“需要的东西”；that不充当成分， if/whether表“是否”，均不符合句意，故选B。 考法二：连接词与语序结合辨析 ·核心：根据从句类型及成分完整性，选择正确连接词并调整为陈述语序 ·真题1（语法填空）： Could you tell me_the nearest post office_(be)?I need to send a letter. -答案：where is解析：第一空，从句缺少地点状语，用连接副词where;第二空，宾语从句需用陈述 语序，主语the nearest post office后接系动词is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The teacher asked-we planned to do the next day. A.what B.that C.how D.if -答案：A解析：从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词what(指代“做的事情”)；that无意义不充当成分，how 表方式，f表“是否”，均不符合从句成分需求。 考法三：名词性从句综合应用（连接词选择、时态呼应及语序） ·核心：结合连接词的语法功能(that/what/whether等)、主从句时态一致原则及陈述语序规则，判断复 杂语境下的名词性从句用法。 ·真题1（单项选择）： She wondered_the meeting would be put off and_she should inform her teammates about it A.if;that B.whether;if C.that;how D.what;that -答案：A解析：第一空引导宾语从句表“是否”，且与“or not'”无直接连用，可用if或whether;第 二空引导宾语从句，从句成分完整且无疑问意义，用tht(可省略但选项中需体现语法正确性)。B项 第二空if表“是否”与语境“告知队友”矛盾；C项第一空that不符合疑问语气；D项what需充当 成分，从句不缺成分，故排除。 ·真题2（语法填空）： It is necessary that we_(take)immediate action to solve the problem that_(discuss)at the meeting yesterday. -答案：(should)take;was discussed解析：第一空为“It is necessary that.”结构的主语从句，需用 虚拟语气，谓语用“(should)+动词原形”；第二空为定语从句（先行词problem,关系代词that作主 语)，由时间标志“yesterday”可知用一般过去时被动语态，discuss的过去分词为discussed。.注意 区分此处that引导的是定语从句而非同位语从句(problem需被修饰而非解释内容)。 选修1|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 名词性从句妙招 连接词选看成分，缺主宾表用what,成分完整that行； 是否含义用if/whether,,状语how/where/when; 语序务必陈述句，主谓位置莫颠倒； 时态呼应要注意，主过从过是常规，真理事实用一现； 虚拟语气需牢记，necessary后的that从句，should加动原莫忘记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.he will attend the conference tomorrow depends on his health condition. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.The teacher asked_we had finished reading the novel assigned last week. A.that B.which C.if D.what 3.My parents always tell me_matters most in life is honesty and kindness. A.that B.which C.what D.how 4.Could you please explain_the machine works?I need to operate it by myself. A.how B.what C.when D.where 5.The news_our school won the national science competition made everyone excited. A.which B.that C.what D.how 6.She wondered_she should call her best friend or send a message. A.if B.whether C.that D.how 7.The problem is_we can raise enough money for the charity project in a month. A.that B.what C.whether D.how 8.He told us that he_to the Great Wall twice before he came to Beijing. A.has been B.had been C.was D.would be 9.Do you know-the meeting will start?I need to arrive on time A.when B.that C.where D.what 10.It is important that we_环境保护意识from a young age. A.develop B.developed C.will develop D.have developed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Idon't know_(他什么时候会回来).(when he will come back) 2.The reason for his absence is_(他生病了).(that he is ill) 3.She asked me_(是否看过这部电影).(if/whether I had seen this movie) 4._(我们明天是否去野餐)depends on the weather.(/hether we will have a picnic tomorrow) 5.Please tell me_(如何解决这个问题).(how to solve this problem) 6.The fact_(地球绕着太阳转)is known to everyone.(that the earth goes around the sun) 7.He is interested in_(她在会议上说了什么).(what she said at the meeting) 8.The question is_(我们是否应该接受这个提议).(whether we should accept the offer) 9.My parents always encourage me(无论遇到什么困难都不要放弃).(not to give up no matter what difficulties I meet) 10.I wonder(你是否能帮我一个忙).((if/whether you can give me a hand) 演练三：语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many students ask 1.-they can improve their English quickly.The answer is that there is no shortcut, but consistent practice helps.For example,reading English articles every day is a good habit.However, some students doubt 2._it is useful to read without understanding every word.In fact,3._matters is to get the main idea first. Teachers often suggest 4.-students should keep a diary in English.This helps them express 5.-they think and feel.When writing,pay attention to 6.-the sentences are grammatically correct.If you make mistakes,don't worry-7.-you learn from them is more important. Another question is 8.-to choose suitable materials.It's better to start with simple stories,then move to news or essays.Remember,the key is 9.-you enjoy what you read.As the saying goes,10.-(interest) is the best teacher. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.C4.A5.B6.B7.C8.B9.A10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.when he will come back 2.that he is ill 3.if/whether I had seen this movie 4.Whether we will have a picnic tomorrow 5.how to solve this problem 6.that the earth goes around the sun 7.what she said at the meeting 8.whether we should accept the offer 9.not to give up no matter what difficulties I meet 10.if/whether you can give me a hand 演练三：语法填空 1.how 2.if/whether 3.what 4.that 5.what 6.whether 7.that 8.how 9.that 10.interest 选修1|英语|沪教版