必修3 动名词的完成式与被动式-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修3U3动名词的完成式与被动式 考频分析 动名词的完成式与被动式是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的3%左右，主要分布在核心题型 中：单项选择1题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（涉及长难句分析）。在语境理解和语法应用类题目中，动 名词的完成式与被动式的构成及用法区别往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对动名词的完成式与被动式的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·结构构成：完成式(having done)、被动式(being done)、完成被动式(having been done)的正确形 式构成； ·句法功能：在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语时的用法，尤其是与现在分词的区别； ·语境应用：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前（完成式）、表示被动含义（被动式）的语境判断与选择。 精讲精练 知识点一：动名词的完成式与被动式 ·动名词的完成式（强调动作先于谓语动作完成） -构成形式：having+过去分词 -例句：☐Having finished his homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后，他出去玩了。)☐She regretted having missed the train.(她后悔错过了火车。) ·动名词的被动式（表示动名词逻辑主语承受动作） -构成形式：being+过去分词（一般式被动）having been+过去分词（完成式被动） -例句：口He dislikes being laughed at in public.(他不喜欢在公共场合被嘲笑。)口Having been told many times,he still made the same mistake.(尽管被告知多次，他仍然犯了同样的错误。) ·完成式被动的使用场景（先于谓语动作且表被动） -构成形式：having been+过去分词 一例句：口Having been invited to the party,she felt very happy..(被邀请参加派对，她感到很高兴。)口 They denied having been involved in the incident..(他们否认参与过该事件。) 【即学即练】 1.【完成式判断】She regretted_the early bus.(错过早班车) A.miss B.missing C.having missed D.being missed 2.【被动式构成】请写出”被邀请”的动名词被动式： 3.【完成被动式应用】_(invite)to the concert,he felt very excited. A.Inviting B.Being invited C.Having invited D.Having been invited 4.【完成式核心】动名词完成式强调动作 谓语动作发生。 A.同时于 B.晚于 C.先于 D.无时间关系于 5.【被动式逻辑】动名词被动式的逻辑主语 该动作。 A.发出 B.承受 C.无关 D.主导 高中|英语|沪教版|必修3-U3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：动名词的逻辑主语与复合结构 ·动名词的逻辑主语（动作的发出者或承受者） -普通名词代词作逻辑主语（体现动作归属） *规则：普通名词用原形（有生命）或名词所有格（人有生命事物）；代词用形容词性物主代词 (my/his/her/our/their)或宾格（口语/非正式） *例句： *口Tom's coming late made the teacher angry.(Tom's为名词所有格，作coming的逻辑主语，表 “Tom迟到") *口His being late again surprised us.(His为形容词性物主代词，作being late的逻辑主语，表“他 再次迟到”) *口Idon't mind him smoking here.(him为宾格代词，☐语中作smoking的逻辑主语，表“他抽烟") ·动名词的复合结构（逻辑主语+动名词，作主语宾语/表语） 一作主语（正式场合用名词所有格形容词性物主代词） *结构：名词所有格形容词性物主代词+动名词 *例句： *口Mary's finishing the task on time is impressive.(Mary's finishing作主语，表“Mary按时完成任 务”) *口Their winning the game excited the whole class.(Their winning作主语，表“他们赢得比赛”) -作宾语（可接动名词的动词后，如mind/avoid/.admit) *结构：名词普通格宾格代词形容词性物主代词+动名词 *例句： *I appreciate your helping me with the project..(your helping作appreciate的宾语，表“你帮我”) *☐She couldn't stand her brother's complaining all day.(brother's complaining作stand的宾语，表 “她哥哥抱怨”) -作表语（说明主语的具体内容） *结构：名词所有格形容词性物主代词+动名词 *例句 *☐The main problem is their not having enough money.(their not having作表语，表“问题是他们 没钱”) *口Vhat I hate most is Tom's lying to me.(Tom's lying作表语，表“我最讨厌的是Tom撒谎”) ·无逻辑主语的情况（默认逻辑主语为句子主语） 一上下文明确动作归属时，逻辑主语可省略 -例句： -口After finishing homework,he went out..(finishing的逻辑主语为句子主语he,表“他完成作业") -☐She is good at singing.(singing的逻辑主语为句子主语she,表“她唱歌") 知识点三：动名词的否定式与时态呼应 ·动名词的否定式（否定词not置于动名词前） -基础结构：not+动名词（一般式）not having+过去分词（完成式）/not being+过去分词（被动式 一般式)not having been+过去分词（被动式完成式） 一例句： -☐He apologized for not coming to the meeting..(not coming为动名词一般式否定，表“没来开会”) -口She regretted not having studied harder..(not having studied为完成式否定，表“设努力学习") -☐They denied not being informed of the decision.(not being informed为被动式一般式否定，表“未 被告知”) -口Having not been invited,he felt a little sad.(not having been invited为被动式完成式否定，表“设 被邀请”) ·动名词的时态呼应（与谓语动作的时间关系） 一一般式（动名词动作与谓语动作同时几乎同时发生） *构成形式：doing being done *例句： *I remember seeing him yesterday..(seeing与remember同时发生，表“记得昨天看见他”) *☐She hates being interrupted while speaking.(being interrupted与hates同时，表“讨厌说话时 被打断”) 一完成式（动名词动作先于谓语动作完成） *构成形式：having done/having been done 卡例句： *Having lived here for10 years,he knows the city wel.(having lived先于knows完成，表“住 了10年后”) *☐The report is based on having been collected data.(having been collected先于is based on完 成，表“基于已收集的数据”) 高中|英语|沪教版|必修3-U3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：动名词的完成式与被动式辨析 ·核心：根据动作与谓语动作的时间关系及主被动关系，判断动名词的正确形式(having done/having been done/being done) ·真题1（语法填空）： --(invite)to the party,she bought a new dress happily. -答案：Having been invited解析：invite与逻辑主语she为被动关系，且“被邀请”发生在“买裙子” 之前，即先于谓语动作完成，用完成式被动having been invited。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -He regretted_the chance to study abroad. A.missing B.having missed C.being missed D.having been missed -答案：B解析：regret后接动名词表“后悔做过某事”，“错过机会”发生在“后悔”之前，且miss与 逻辑主语he为主动关系，用完成式主动having missed。 考法二：逻辑主语与完成式被动的综合运用 ·核心：结合动名词的逻辑主语形式（名词所有格形容词性物主代词）与完成式被动结构(having been done),判断复合结构在句中的语法功能 ·真题1（语法填空）： The manager approved of_(they have been trained)in the new technology before the project started -答案：their having been trained解析：of为介个词，后接动名词复合结构作宾语；逻辑主语“他们”用 形容词性物主代词their,.train与逻辑主语为被动关系且动作先于approved完成，故用having been trained ·真题2（单项选择）： --the competition three times,she finally won the first prize this year. A.Her having entered B.Having been entered C.She entering D.Having entered by her -答案：A解析：句首需用动名词复合结构作状语，逻辑主语“她”用形容词性物主代词her;enter为 主动关系且动作先于won完成，用having entered,故选A。 考法三：动名词的复合结构与完成被动式综合运用 ·核心：结合逻辑主语判断动名词的复合结构形式，同时根据动作先后关系及被动含义选择完成被动式 (having been done) ·真题1（单项选择）： -the project ahead of schedule made the manager very satisfied. A.Him finishing B.His having been finished C.His having finished D.He finishing 一答案：C解析：此处需用动名词复合结构作主语，正式场合应用形容词性物主代词Hs;”完成项目” 是主动动作且先于”使经理满意”，故用完成式having finished,综合为His having finished。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The teacher praised Mary for_(not be)late for class this week. -答案：not having been解析：for后接动名词作宾语，”未迟到”的逻辑主语是Mary(默认与句子主语 一致)；”未迟到”发生在”表扬”之前且表被动含义（被记录为未迟到），否定词not置于动名词前，故 用not having been。. 高中|英语|沪教版|必修3U3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版）》 解题小妙招 动名词完成被动妙招 完成时态看先后，先于谓语用完成； 被动关系看逻辑，承受动作必用被动； 动名词前加逻辑，物主代词所有格； 复合结构作成分，主宾表状当可行； 完成被动having been done,否定not放最前； 主动完成having done,牢记主动与被动。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.She denied_the confidential document to anyone. A.having leaked B.leaking C.being leaked D.having been leaked 2.-the piano for 10 years,he can now perform professionally. A.Having played B.Playing C.Been playing D.Having been played 3.I appreciate_the opportunity to work with such a great team. A.him giving B.his giving C.he giving D.him to give 4.The boss was angry about_the meeting without prior notice. A.them cancel B.their canceling C.they canceling D.their to cancel 5.-many times,the little boy still forgot to bring his textbook. A.Having told B.Telling C.Having been told D.Being told 6.My parents objected to_abroad alone at such a young age. A.me going B.my go C.I going D.meto go 7._the exam made her determined to study harder next time. A.Her failing B.She failing C.Her failed D.She failed 8.The project was delayed due to_sufficient funds on time. A.not having allocated B.not having been allocated C.not to allocate D.not allocate 9.We all suspected_the truth from us for a long time. A.him hide B.his hiding C.he hiding D.him to hide 10.the competition three times,she finally won the first prize this year. A.Her having entered B.Having been entered C.She entering D.Having entered by her 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1._(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball. 2.She regretted _(not take)the doctor's advice. 3.-(invite)to the party,she felt very honored. 4.I don't mind_(he)smoking here in the office. 5._(live)in Beijing for 10 years,he knows the city very well. 6.The teacher praised Tom for(hand)in the homework on time. 7.-(not inform)of the meeting,he missed the important announcement. 8.They denied _(involve)in the accident last week. 9.(not study)hard enough,she failed the final exam. 10.The manager was satisfied with_(they complete)the project ahead of schedule. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 -(learn)a foreign language requires persistence and effective methods.Many students struggle with (memorize)vocabulary,but the key lies in _(use)it in real contexts.For example,-(read)English novels regularly can improve both vocabulary and comprehension. Teachers often emphasize the importance of_(not be)afraid of making mistakes.-(make)mistakes is a natural part of the learning process.Some students even benefit from-(correct)by their teachers,as it helps them avoid repeating errors. _(master)grammar rules is another challenge.Instead of simply_(memorize)rules,students should practice_(apply)them in sentences.Only through consistent practice can one truly improve their lan- guage skills. 参老答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.B5.C6.A7.A8.B9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.Having finished 2.not having taken 3.Having been invited 4.him 5.Having lived 6.having handed 7.Not having been informed 8.having been involved 9.Not having studied 10.their having completed 演练三：语法填空 1.Learning 2.memorizing 3.using 4.reading 5.not being 6.Making 7.being corrected 8.Mastering 9.memorizing 10.applying 高中|英语|沪教版|必修3-U3