必修3 不定式在句中的不同成分-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修3U2不定式在句中的不同成分及非谓语动词 考频分析 不定式在句中的不同成分是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个题型： 单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子结构的合理性与表 达的丰富性。在语境理解类题目中，不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分的辨析及用法 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中对不定式在句中不同成分的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构与特征：不定式符号to与动词原形的组合形式，to的省略情况（如感官动词和使役动词后作宾 补： ·句法功能辨析：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的基本用法与结构识别； ·语境应用与固定搭配：不定式在特定句型（如it作形式主语/宾语）、固定短语（如want to do,decide to do)及疑问词+不定式结构中的使用规则。 精讲精练 知识点一：不定式在句中的不同成分 ·主语（表示动作或状态，常位于句首或用t作形式主语） -直接作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要) -形式主语it代替：It is important to learn English well..(学好英语很重要) ·宾语（位于及物动词后，表动作的对象或内容） -常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要、decide(决定)、hope(希望)、plan(计划) -例句：She wants to go shopping.(她想去购物)口He decided to study abroad.(他决定出国留学) ·表语（位于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） -常见系动词：be、seem、appear、,become -例句：口Her dream is to be a teacher..(她的梦想是成为一名老师)口The task seems to be difficult. (这项任务似乎很难) ·定语（位于名词或代词后，修饰该名词或代词） -例句：口I have a lot of homework to do..(我有很多作业要做)口He is looking for a room to live in. (他正在找一个房间住) ·状语（表示目的、结果、原因等，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子） -目的状语（常与in order to/so as to连用）：She studies hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习为了通 过考试) -结果状语（常与only to连用，表意外结果）：He rushed to the station only to find the train had left. (他冲到车站却发现火车已经开走了) -原因状语（常位于形容词后）：I'm glad to see you.(见到你我很高兴) ·宾语补足语（位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态） -常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow(允许) -例句：口My mother told me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间)口The teacher allows us to use dictionaries in class.(老师允许我们在课堂上使用字典) 【即学即练】 1.【不定式作主语】下列句子中使用形式主语t的正确表达是？ A.To finish the work on time is important B.It is important to finish the work on time. C.It important to finish the work on time. D.To finish the work on time it is important. 2.【不定式作宾语】请用所给动词的正确形式填空：She hopes_(visit)her grandparents this weekend. 3.【不定式作定语】“我有很多衣服要洗”的正确英文表达是？ A.I have a lot of clothes wash B.I have a lot of clothes to wash C.I have a lot of clothes washing D.I have a lot of clothes washed. A.【不定式作宾补】The teacher asked us_(hand)in our homework before class. 5.【不定式作状语】She got up early_(catch)the first bus.(用所给动词的正确形式填空，表目的) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词之动名词和分词 ·动名词（兼具动词和名词特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语） 1.作主语（表抽象动作或习惯） 一结构：动名词短语+谓语动词（单数） -例句：口Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)☐Collecting stamps has become his hobby. (集邮成了他的爱好) 2.作宾语（位于及物动词或介词后） -常见接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、avoid(避免)、mind(介意)、practice (练习) -例句：口She enjoys listening to music.(她喜欢听音乐)He is good at playing basketball..(他 擅长打篮球) 3.作表语（说明主语的性质或内容） -例句：口Her job is teaching..(她的工作是教书)口The main thing is getting there on time.(最重 要的是准时到达那里)》 4.作定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质） -例句：口a reading room(阅览室，表用途)口a swimming pool(游泳池，表用途) ·现在分词（主动、进行，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语） 1.作定语（修饰名词，表主动或正在进行的动作） -例句：口a sleeping child(一个正在睡觉的孩子，主动且进行)口falling leaves(落叶，主动) 2.作状语（表时间、原因、伴随、结果等） -例句：口Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(在公园散步时，她遇到了一位老朋友，表时 间)口Being ill,,he didn't go to school.(因为生病了，他没去上学，表原因)口They stood there, waiting for the bus..(他们站在那里等公交车，表伴随) 3.作表语（说明主语的特征或状态，主语多为物） -例句：口The film is very interesting.(这部电影很有趣)口The news is exciting.(这个消息令人兴 奋) 4.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作，宾语与分词是主动关系） -常见接现在分词作宾补的动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、fnd(发现)、keep(使 保持) -例句：口I saw him playing football on the playground.(我看见他在操场上踢足球)口Ne found the boy crying in the corner..(我们发现那个男孩在角落里哭) ·过去分词（被动、完成，可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语） 1.作定语（修饰名词，表被动或已完成的动作） -例句：口a broken window(一扇被打碎的窗户，被动且完成)boiled water(开水，完成) 2.作状语（表时间、原因、条件、伴随等） -例句：口Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(从山上看，这座城市很美，表条件)口Encouraged by his parents,he worked harder..(受到父母的鼓励，他学习更努力了，表原因) 3.作表语（说明主语的状态或感受，主语多为人） -例句：口I am interested in English.(我对英语感兴趣)口The door is closed.(门是关着的) 4.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作，宾语与分词是被动关系） -常见接过去分词作宾补的动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使)、have(让)、find(发现) -例句：口I heard my name called.(我听见有人叫我的名字)口He found his bike stolen.(他发现 他的自行车被偷了) 知识点三：非谓语动词之不定式的否定式与省略o的情况 ·不定式的否定式（高中核心） -结构：not to do(在不定式符号to前加not) -例句：口He decided not to go to the party..(他决定不去参加派对)口My mother told me not to eat too much candy..(妈妈告诉我不要吃太多糖果)口The teacher advised us not to be late for class.(老师 建议我们上课不要迟到) ·省略to的不定式（高中常考） 1.使役动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补：let/make/have sb.do -例句：-Let me help you with your luggage.(让我帮你拿行李)-The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.(老板让工人们每天工作12小时)-I'll have my brother repair the bike.(我会让 我哥哥修理自行车) 2.感官动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补：see/watch/hear/notice/feel sb.do(强调动作全过程或经常 性) -例句：-I saw her cross the street..(我看见她过马路了)-We heard him sing in the hall yesterday.. (昨天我们听见他在大厅唱歌)-They noticed the thief enter the house.(他们注意到小偷进了房 子) 3.情态动词后接省略to的不定式：had better do(最好做)would rather do(宁愿做) -例句：-You had better finish your homework first.(你最好先完成作业)-He would rather stay at home than go out..(他宁愿待在家里也不愿出去) ·不定式的主动表被动（高中易错） -结构：sth.+be+adj.+todo(形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表被动意义) -例句：口The book is easy to read..(这本书容易读)This problem is difficult to solve.(这个问题难 解决)口The room is comfortable to live in.(这个房间住起来舒服) ·高中易错点辨析 1.不定式否定式的位置错误： -He decided to not go out.→He decided not to go out.(否定词not必须放在to之前) -The teacher told us to don't be late.→The teacher told us not to be late.(不可用don't,需用 not to do 2.感官动词后不定式与现在分词的混淆： -十saw him to play baske地alt.→I saw him play basketball.(感官动词后接省略to的不定式表全 过程) -|saw him play basketball whenIpassed by.->I saw him playing basketball when I passed by. (表正在进行的动作用现在分词) 3.主动表被动结构的误用： -he book is easy to be read.The book is easy to read.(形容词后接不定式主动表被动) -This room is comfortable to be lived in.→This room is comfortable to live in.(无需用被动形 式) 高中|英语引沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：不定式作宾语补足语的用法辨析 ·核心：识别接不定式作宾补的动词，判断“动词+宾语+todo”结构的正确运用 ·真题1（语法填空）： The teacher asked us_(finish)the project before Friday. 一答案：to finish解析：根据知识点一，ask是接不定式作宾补的常见动词，结构为“ask sb.to do sth.”, 故填to finish。 ·真题2（单项选择）： My parents often tell me_too much time playing video games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.not spend -答案：A解析：根据知识点三，不定式的否定式为“not to do”,且tell后接不定式作宾补，结构为“tel sb.not to do sth.”,故选A。 考法二：非谓语动词作宾语与宾补的综合判断 ·核心：根据动词搭配及上下文逻辑，判断非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）在宾语及宾语补足语结 构中的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The teacher encourages us_(speak)English in class and often hears us-(practice)dialogues after school. -答案：to speak practice解析：第一空，encourage后接不定式作宾补，需带to,即encourage sb.to do sth.;第二空，hear后接省略to的不定式作宾补（强调动作全过程），即hear sb.do sth. ·真题2（单项选择）： My parents don't allow me_(stay)out late and I avoid_(argue)with them about it A.to stay arguing B.staying to argue C.to stay to argue D.staying arguing -答案：A解析：第一空，alow后接不定式作宾补，即allow sb.to do sth.;第二空，avoid后接动名 词作宾语，即avoid doing sth,argue的动名词形式为arguing。 考法三：非谓语动词综合辨析与应用 ·核心：结合语境区分不定式、动名词及分词的语法功能，掌握不定式否定式、省略to的情况及非谓语动 词的主动/被动意义 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The teacher encouraged us_(join)the English club and suggested_(read)English newspapers every day. A.to join;reading B.joining;to read C.join;read D.to join;read -答案：A解析：第一空encourage后接不定式作宾补，结构为encourage sb.to do sth.;第二空suggest 后接动名词作宾语，结构为suggest doing sth.。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(learn)a foreign language well,we should practice_(speak)it as much as possible.My teacher often tells us not _(be)afraid of making mistakes. -答案：To learn speaking to be解析：第一空表目的用不定式To learn;第二空practice后接动名词 speaking;第三空不定式否定式在to前加not,即not to be。 高中|英语引沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.She decided_to the concert because of the heavy rain. A.not go B.not going C.not to go D.don't go 2.My father often tells me_too much time on computer games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.not spend 3.The teacher allows us __dictionaries when we do English exercises. A.use B.using C.to use D.used 4.I saw him the classroom quietly without saying a word. A.leave B.to leave C.leaving D.left 5.We should avoid_mistakes in our English writing. A.make B.to make C.making D.made 6.The boss made the workers _for 12 hours a day last month. A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 7.She is looking forward toher grandparents during the summer holiday. A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.to visit 8.The little girl was heard loudly in the next room just now. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cried 9.My mother asked me_the dishes after dinner and I agreed_it. A.wash doing B.to wash to do C.wash to do D.to wash doing 10.English well,we need to practice_it every day. A.Learn speak B.Learning speaking C.To learn speaking D.To learn to speak 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The doctor advised him_(take)more exercise to keep healthy. 2.My parents don't allow me(watch)TV for more than an hour every day. 3.She enjoys_(listen)to music while doing homework. 4.I found the lost wallet_(lie)on the ground near the bus stop. 5.The teacher told us_(not be)late for class again. 6.He is afraid of_(swim)in the deep river alone. 7.We heard someone_(sing)an English song in the music room yesterday afternoon. 8.My brother wants_(become)a scientist when he grows up. 9.They plan_(travel)to Europe during the coming winter holiday. 10.The students are busy_(prepare)for the final exams these days. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last weekend,I decided-(visit)my grandparents in the countryside.My mother told me_(take)some fresh fruits for them.On the way,I saw a little girl(cry)beside the road.I stopped(ask)what happened.She said she couldn't find her mother.I helped her_(call)the police.While_(wait)for the police,I told her some interesting stories_(make)her happy.About half an hour later,her mother arrived.She thanked me again and again.I felt very happy_(help)others.When I finally reached my grandparents'home,they were happy-(see)me.My grandmother cooked a big meal for me,and I enjoyed_(eat)the delicious food with them. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.A3.C4.A5.C6.A7.B8.B9.D10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.to take 2.to watch 3.listening 4.lying 5.not to be 6.swimming 7.sing 8.to become 9.to travel 10.preparing 演练三：语法填空 1.to visit 2.to take 3.crying 4.to ask 5.(to)call 6.waiting 7.to make 8.to help 9.to see 10.eating 高中|英语|沪教版