必修3 不定式的完成式与进行式-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（沪教版） Unit4不定式的完成式与进行式 考频分析 不定式的完成式与进行式是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分布在核心题型 中：单项选择1题、完形填空1题、语法填空1题。在语境理解类题目中，不定式完成式表示动作发生在 谓语动词之前，进行式强调动作与谓语动词同时进行，准确判断动作发生的时间关系是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对不定式的完成式与进行式的考察聚焦两大维度，覆盖结构特征与语境应用： ·结构与构成：不定式完成式(to have done)、不定式进行式(to be doing)的基本构成及形式变化； ·用法与语境：不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前或过去未曾实现的动作，不定式进行式表示动 作与谓语动词同时发生或在特定时间正在进行的动作，以及两者在语境中的辨析与选择。 精讲精练 知识点一：不定式的完成式与进行式 ·不定式的完成式(to have done) 一基本含义：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，或强调动作的完成状态 -常见用法：用于seem/appear/happen等动词后，或表示过去本应完成却未完成的动作 -例句：口She seems to have finished her work.(动作发生在seem之前)口They were supposed to have arrived an hour ago.(过去应完成却未完成) ·不定式的进行式(to be doing) 一基本含义：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，且正在进行中 -常见用法：用于appear/seem/happen等动词后，强调动作的持续性或正在进行的状态 -例句：口He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.(与pretended同时进行)口They seem to be discussing something important..(动作正在进行) 【即学即练】 1.【不定式完成式】She seems一(finish)her homework already.应填入以下哪种形式？ A.to finish B.to have finished C.to be finishing D.finishing 2.【不定式进行式】He pretended一(read)when his father came in..应填入以下哪种形式？ A.to read B.to have read C.to be reading D.reading 3.【时间关系辨析】不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词 进行式表示动作与谓语动 词」 4.【用法判断】以下哪个句子使用了不定式完成式表示“过去本应完成却未完成”？ A.He seems to have eaten breakfast. B.They were supposed to have left at 8 o'clock,but they didn't. C.She appears to be singing a song. D.I happened to meet him on the street. 5.【形式构成】不定式完成式的基本结构是 进行式的基本结构是 必修3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：不定式的否定式与省略式 ·不定式的否定式(not to do) 1.基本结构：在不定式符号to前直接加not,构成“not to+动词原形” 2.常见用法：用于所有需要不定式的语境中，表示否定意义，如动词宾语、形容词宾语、目的状语等 3.例句： -口He decided not to attend the meeting.(作动词decided的宾语，否定“参加") -口lt's important not to make mistakes in exams.(作形容词important的宾语，否定“犯错”) -口She left early not to miss the train.(作目的状语，否定“错过") ·不定式的省略式(to的省略) 1.感官动词和使役动词后的省略：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,Ilet,have等动词后接不定式作 宾补时，不定式符号to需省略（被动语态中to必须还原） -主动结构：动词+宾语+动词原形（不带to) 一例句： *口I saw her enter the room.(主动句，省略to,enter为原形) *口The teacher made us rewrite the composition.(主动句，省略to,rewrite为原形) -被动结构：宾语（作主语）+be+动词过去分词+to+动词原形（还原to) 一例句： *☐She was seen to enter the room.(被动句，还原to,to enter) *☐Ve were made to rewrite the composition.(被动句.还原to,to rewrite) 2.情态动词和助动词后的省略：wil,would,sha,should,can,could,.may,might,.must后的不定式需 省略to,直接用动词原形 一例句 *口You should study hard.(should后接原形study,省略to) *口They can speak English fluently.(can后接原形speak,省略to) 3.并列结构中的省略：当两个或多个不定式并列时，第一个to保留，后面的to可省略（若强调对比，to 可保留) 一例句： *☐I want to drink coffee and(to)eat cakes.(并列不定式，第二个to可省略) *口He likes to swim in summer and to skate in winter.(强调季节对比，保留第二个to) 知识点三：不定式的时态与语态变化 ·不定式的一般式(todo)》 一基本含义：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在其后发生，强调动作的一般性或将来性 一常见用法：用于表示目的、计划、能力或意愿等，是不定式的基础形式 -例句：☐She wants to buy a new book.(want与buy先后发生，表将来)I come here to study English..(表目的，to study在come之后) ·不定式的被动式(to be done) -基本结构：tobe+动词过去分词，强调不定式动作的承受者 一常见用法：用于需要被动意义的语境，如主语是动作承受者、或在某些动词后作宾语 -例句：口The work needs to be finished by Friday.(work是finish的承受者)He asked to be sent to the front.(he是send的承受者) ·不定式的完成进行式(to have been doing) 一基本含义：表示动作在谓语动词之前开始，持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行，并可能继续下去 -常见用法：用于强调动作的持续性和未完成性，多与seem/appear等动词连用 -例句：口They seem to have been waiting for a long time.(wait在seem之前开始且持续进行)口He appears to have been working on the project since last month.(work从过去持续到现在) ·易错点辨析 1.否定式位置错误： -He decided to not go.→He decided not to go.(否定词not必须置于to前) It's important to net be late.It's important not to be late. 2.被动语态中to的还原遗漏 -She was seen enter the room.→She was seen to enter the room.(感官动词被动语态需还原 to) -We were made rewrite the paper.→Ne were made to rewrite the paper..(使役动词被动语态需 还原to)》 3.并列不定式to的省略误用： -want to eat and to drink.→I want to eat and(to)drink.(无对比时可省略第二个to) -He likes to run in morning and skate in evening.-He likes to run in morning and to skate in evening.(强调对比时保留to) 4.时态混淆： -She seems to finish her work.(动作已完成)→She seems to have finished her work.(完成 式表动作先于谓语) -They seem to wait for a long time.(持续进行)→They seem to have been waiting for a long time.(完成进行式表持续) 必修3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：不定式的完成式与进行式辨析 ·核心：根据动作与谓语动词的时间关系（先后/同时）及状态（完成进行），选择不定式的完成式(to have done)或进行式(to be doing) ·真题1（语法填空）： She seems _(finish)her homework already,because she is watching TV now. -答案：to have finished解析：由“already”及“she is watching TV now”可知，“finish”动作发生 在“seems'”之前且已完成，应用不定式的完成式to have finished。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -When I passed by the classroom,I heard someone-(sing)an English song A.to sing B.singing C.to have sung D.to be singing -答案：D解析：由“when I passed by'”可知，“sing”动作与“heard”同时发生且正在进行，应用不 定式的进行式to be singing. 考法二：不定式完成式进行式与否定式/被动式省略式结合 ·核心1（完成式+否定式）：在表示”过去本应完成却未完成”的语境中，需用"not to have done”结构， 否定词not置于to前，强调动作未完成的状态 ·真题1（语法填空）： They were supposed-(not finish)the task yesterday,but they did it ahead of time. -答案：not to have finished解析：由"were supposed”和”yesterday”可知此处表示”本应未完成却完 成了”，应用不定式完成式的否定式"not to have done”,finish的过去分词为finished。 ·真题2（完形填空）： She pretended _(not see)me when we met in the street,but I knew she did. A.not to see B.not to have seen C.to not see D.to not have seen -答案：B解析：由"pretended”和”met”可知”没看见”发生在”假装”之前，应用不定式完成式；否定词 not需置于to前，故选"not to have seen”。 ·核心2（进行式+被动式）：当不定式动作与谓语动词同时发生且为被动关系时，用"to be being done” 结构，强调动作的正在进行和被动承受 ·真题1（语法填空）： The problem seems _(discuss)at the meeting now.Let's wait for the result -答案：to be being discussed解析：由”seems”和"nowW”可知动作正在进行，且problem与discuss为 被动关系，应用不定式进行被动式"to be being done”,discuss的过去分词为discussed。 ·真题2（完形填空）： When I passed by.the window was noticed _(clean)by the workers. A.to clean B.being cleaned C.to be being cleaned D.to have been cleaned -答案：C解析：由"passed by”和was noticed”可知”擦窗户”与”注意到”同时发生且为被动关系，感 官动词被动语态中to需还原，应用"to be being cleaned”。 ·核心3（省略式+被动语态转换）：主动句中感官使役动词后的不定式省略t和，变为被动句时必须还原 to,构成"be+过去分词+todo”结构 ·真题1（句型转换）： -主动句：e heard her sing in the next room. -被动句：She was heard_in the next room. -答案：to sing解析：主动句中hear后省略to,被动句中需还原to,故填"to sing”。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -The manager made the workers work overtime,so they_(make)to work day and night. A.made B.were made C.were made to D.were making to -答案：C解析：由”made the workers work”可知被动句中需还原to,”被要求做”用"were made to work”,此处省略work保留to,故选"were made to”。 考法三：不定式的时态、语态与否定式/省略式综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断不定式的时态（一般式完成式/进行式完成进行式）、语态（主动/被动）及否定式 (not to do)或省略式(to的省略)的正确形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： They seem_the news already because their eyes are red. A.to hear B.to have heard C.to be hearing D.not to hear -答案：B解析：由“already”可知hear”发生在“seem”之前，需用不定式的完成式“to have done”, 表示动作先于谓语动词完成，hear的过去分词为heard,故选B。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The students were made_(not leave)the classroom before the bell rang. -答案：not to leave解析：感官动词/使役动词的被动语态中需还原to,构成“be made to do”;否定 式在to前加not,故填“not to leave”。 必修3|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 不定式解题妙招 完成进行辨时间，先后完成用完成，同时进行选进行； 否定not放to前，被动必带to be done; 完成否定not to have done,进行被动to be being done; 感官使役主动省to,被动还原to别忘记； 完成式看already,进行式靠now和when; 被动语态to不能少，否定not紧跟to之前。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.He pretended_when his father called him. A.to study B.studying C.to be studying D.to have studied 2.The project is reported-by the end of last month. A.to complete B.to be completed C.to have completed D.to have been completed 3.I saw Tom the room quietly,but his mother was seen_him. A.enter;to scold B.to enter;scold C.entering;to scold D.entered;scolding 4.She seems -for hours,as her eyes look tired. A.to wait B.to be waiting C.to have waited D.to have been waiting 5.You are supposed_the meeting on time,but you were late again. A.not to attend B.not to have attended C.to attend D.to have attended 6.When I passed the park,I noticed some children-games under the tree. A.play B.to play C.to be playing D.played 7.The book is said __into several languages since it was published. A.to translate B.to be translated C.to have translated D.to have been translated 8.My parents always tell metoo much time on video games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.not spending D.not spend 9.The teacher made us_the text again,and we_to do it after class. A.read;were made B.to read;made C.read;were made to D.to read;were made to 10.They appear__about the result,because they are talking excitedly. A.to know B.to be knowing C.to have known D.to have been knowing 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She seems__(finish)her homework,for she is listening to music now. 2.I heard him_(sing)when I walked past his room yesterday.