必修3 直接引语与间接引语掌握陈述句疑问句转换时的时态语序调整规则-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修3U6直接引语与间接引语 考频分析 直接引语与间接引语是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，主要分布在以下题型：单 项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（间接考察，影响对上下文逻辑的理解）。在句式转换类 题目中，直接引语与间接引语的时态调整、人称变化及语序转换往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对直接引语与间接引语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础转换与语境应用： ·陈述句转换：人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的调整规则，以及主句为过去时时从句时态的 相应变化； ·疑问句转换：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句转换时语序的调整（疑问语序变陈述语序），以及引导词的选择 (if/whether或特殊疑问词)； ·语境综合应用：结合具体语境判断直接引语与间接引语转换的准确性，包括情态动词的变化（如 can→could,may→might等)及标点符号的省略规则。 精讲精练 知识点一：直接引语与间接引语的转换规则 ·1.陈述句转换（主句谓语为过去时） 一时态调整：一般现在时→一般过去时；现在进行时→过去进行时；现在完成时→过去完成时；一 般过去时→过去完成时；一般将来时→过去将来时(woud+动词原形) 一人称调整：一随主，二随宾，三不变（第一人称随主句主语，第二人称随主句宾语，第三人称不变） -指示代词/时间状语调整：this-that;these-those;now-then;today-that day;here-there -例句：口He said,"I am reading a book.”→He said that he was reading a book.(时态、人称、指示 代词调整)☐She told me,"You will pass the exam.”→She told me that I would pass the exam.(第 二人称随宾语me变为l,一般将来时→过去将来时)】 ·2.疑问句转换（主句谓语为过去时） 一语序调整：疑问句语序→陈述句语序（将助动词情态动词移至主语后） 一时态人称状语调整：同陈述句规则 -特殊疑问句：保留疑问词(what/when/where等) -一般疑问句：用if/whether引导 -例句：口He asked,"here do you live?”→He asked where I lived.(疑问句语序变陈述句语序，第 二人称变l,一般现在时→一般过去时)She said,."Have you finished your homework?”→She asked if I had finished my homework.(一般疑问句用if引导，现在完成时→过去完成时) 【即学即练】 1.【陈述句转换】He said,"I have finished my homework today.”→He said that he_((finish)his homework 2.【疑问句转换】She asked,"hen will you go to the park?”→She asked when I_(go)to the park. 3.【人称调整】Tom told me,"You are right..”→Tom told me that_was right. A.I B.you C.he D.she 4.【指示代词调整】He said,"This pen is mine.”→He said that_pen was his, A.this B.that C.these D.those 5.【语序调整】She asked,."Do you like music?”→She asked if__music. 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：直接引语与间接引语的特殊转换 ·1.祈使句转换（主句谓语为过去时） -·肯定祈使句 *结构：主句谓语(told/asked/ordered等)+宾语+to+动词原形 *例句： *☐The teacher said,"Open your books.”→The teacher told us to open our books.(said转换为 told,祈使句用to+动词原形open)】 *☐He said to me,"Sit down.”→He asked me to sit down.(said to转换为asked,用to+动词原形 sit) -口否定祈使句 *结构：主句谓语(told/asked/warned等)+宾语+not to+动词原形 *例句： *口She said,."Don't be late..”→She told us not to be late.(否定祈使句在to前加not,动词用原形 be) *My mother said to me,"Don't play computer games."-My mother warned me not to play computer games.(said to转换为warned,否定用not to+动词原形play) ·2.情态动词转换（主句谓语为过去时） -口情态动词变化规则 *can→could;may→might;must→must/had to(must表“必须”时可转换为had to,表“推测” 时不变)；will-would;shall-→should -口例句： *☐He said,"I can swim.”→He said that he could swim.（can→could) *☐She said,You must finish it today..”→She said that I had to finish it that day.(must表“必须”， 转换为had to,today-that day) *口They said,"Ne will help you.”→They said that they would help me.(will-would,you随宾语 me转换为me) ·3.地点状语与方向性动词转换 一口地点状语调整 *come→go;bring-take(当引语中涉及方向性动词，且主句主语与引语主语地点不一致时需转换) -口例句： *口He said,"I will come here tomorrow.”→He said that he would go there the next day.(come→go, here-there,tomorrow-the next day *She said,"Bring the book to me."She asked me to take the book to her.(bring-take,me 随主句宾语转换为her) 知识点三：直接引语与间接引语的时态不变情况 ·1.客观真理/事实（主句谓语为过去时） 一规则：直接引语表述客观真理、科学事实或永恒不变的规律时，间接引语时态保持原直接引语时态，不 随主句过去时调整 一例句： *The teacher said,"The earth goes around the sun."-The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，一般现在时goes不变) *He told us,"Light travels faster than sound."-He told us that light travels faster than sound. (科学事实，一般现在时travels不变) ·2.习惯性动作/状态（主句谓语为过去时） 一规则：直接引语描述经常性、习惯性的动作或状态时，间接引语可保留原一般现在时时态 一例句： *☐She said,"I get up at6a.m.every day..”→She said that she gets up at6a.m.every day.(习 惯性动作，一般现在时gets不变) *口He told me,"My father works in a hospital.”→He told me that his father works in a hospital..(经 常性状态，一般现在时woks不变) ·3.直接引语中含具体过去时间状语（主句谓语为过去时） -规则：直接引语有明确具体的过去时间状语（如yesterday,in2020等）且动作仅发生在该时间点时， 间接引语可用一般过去时（无需转换为过去完成时） 一例句： *☐She said,"I visited Beijing in2019.”→She said that she visited Beijing in2019.(具体时间in 2019,一般过去时visited不变) *He told us,"My brother was born on May 5th,2010."He told us that his brother was born on May5th,2010.(具体日期，一般过去时was不变) ·4.情态动词must/ought to/needn't的特殊情况（主句谓语为过去时） -规则：must表“必须”时可转换为had to,表“推测”时不变；ought to/needn't在间接引语中通常 保持原形 一例句： *☐She said,"You must be tired.”→She said that I must be tired.(must表推测，时态不变) *He told me,"You ought to follow the rules."-He told me that I ought to follow the rules.(ought to保持原形) *She said,"You needn't come tomorrow."-She said that I needn't come the next day.(needn't 保持原形，tomorrow-the next day) 高中|英语」沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：陈述句间接引语转换 ·核心：主句谓语为过去时，将直接引语陈述句转换为间接引语时，正确调整时态、人称及指示代词/时间 状语 ·真题1（语法填空）： Tom said,"I am playing basketball now."Tom said that he_(play)basketball then. -答案：was playing解析：直接引语为现在进行时(am playing),主句谓语said为过去时，需转换为 过去进行时；主语I随主句主语Tom变为he,be动词用was,故填was playing。. ·真题2（单项选择）： She told me,"These books are mine."She told me that-books were_ A.this:hers B.those;hers C.these;mine D.those;mine -答案：B解析：直接引语中指示代词these需转换为those;人称代词mine随原句主语（直接引语主 语为she,间接引语中逻辑主语仍为she)保持hers,故选B。 考法二：直接引语转间接引语综合转换 ·核心：结合陈述句/疑问句/祈使句的基本转换规则与情态动词、方向性动词的特殊变化，完成直接引语到 间接引语的转换 ·真题1（语法填空）： She said to me,"You must bring the book here tomorrow."-She told me that I_the book_ -答案：had to take there the next day -解析：直接引语为陈述句，主句谓语为过去时(told)。must表“必须”，转换为had to;bring因主句 主语(she)与引语主语(you)地点不一致，转换为take;here转换为there;tomorrow转换为the next day. ·真题2（单项选择）： -He asked,"Can you come to my party tonight?"-He asked if I_to-party A.could go his that night B.can come his tonight C.could come my this night D.can go my tonight -答案：A -解析：直接引语为一般疑问句，主句谓语为过去时(asked),用if引导，can转换为could;come因 主句主语(he)与引语主语(I)地点不一致，转换为go;my随主句主语he转换为his;tonight转 换为that night。选项A符合所有规则。 考法三：直接引语与间接引语的综合转换 ·核心：结合陈述句、祈使句、情态动词及时态不变规则，完成复杂语境下的直接引语转间接引语 ·真题1（单项选择）： My teacher said to me,"You must finish your composition today and bring it to me tomorrow.">My teacher told me that I_finish my composition_and_it to her_. A.must;that day;take;the next day B.had to;today;bring;tomorrow C.had to;that day;take;the next day D.must;today;take;the next day 一答案：C解析：直接引语中must表”必须”，转换为间接引语时变为had to;时间状语today变为that day;方向性动词bring因主句主语(teacher)与引语主语(me)地点不一致，转换为take;tomorrow 变为the next day。. ·真题2（语法填空）： -The scientist said,"Light travels faster than sound and we can use this principle in many fields." The scientist said that light_faster than sound and they__use that principle in many fields. -答案：travels;could解析：直接引语中"Light travels faster than sound”为客观真理，时态保持一般现 在时travels不变；情态动词can在间接引语中转换为could。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 间接引语转换妙招 主句过去引语变，时态后移看原句； 一般现在变过去，现在进行改过去； 现在完成转过去，情态can/may换could/might; must必须变had to,.客观真理态不变。 人称随主或随宾，指示代词this变that; these要把those换，时间tomorrow变next day; today/tonight相应改，that day/night记心怀。 方向动词看主宾，bring/come常转take/go; here/there互转换，地点变化要知晓 陈述that可省略，疑问if/whether导； 祈使句用不定式，tell/ask后to跟牢。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.He said,"I will go to the park tomorrow."He said that he-to the park_. A.would go the next day B.will go tomorrow C.would come the next day D.will come tomorrow 2.She asked me,"Do you like English?"She asked me if I _English. A.like B.liked C.will like D.have liked 3.The teacher said,"Don't talk in class."-The teacher told us_in class. A.not to talk B.don't talk C.not talk D.to not talk 4.My mother said,"I must finish cooking now."My mother said that she-finish cooking_. A.must then B.had to then C.must now D.had to now 5.He said to her,"Bring your dictionary here."-He asked her to-her dictionary- A.bring here B.take there C.bring there D.take here 6.Tom asked,"Where did you go yesterday?"-Tom asked where I- A.go yesterday B.went the day before C.go the day before D.went yesterday 7.She said,"These flowers are beautiful."She said that flowers beautiful. A.this were B.those were C.these are D.those are 8.The doctor said,"You should drink more water."-The doctor said that I_drink more water. A.should B.would C.will D.shall 9.They asked,"Have you seen the film?"They asked if Ithe film. A.see B.saw C.have seen D.had seen 10.The boss said,"Clean the office now."-The boss ordered us -the office_ A.clean now B.to clean then C.cleaning then D.to clean now 演练二：填空试题（共0题） 1.He said,"I am reading a novel now."He said that he_a novel_ 2.She told me,"You can borrow my pen."-She told me that I-borrow_pen. 3.My father said,"Don't play football in the street."My father wamed me__football in the street. 4.The girl asked,"Where is the nearest bank?"-The girl asked where the nearest bank_. 5.He said,"We will have a test tomorrow."He said that they_a test 6.The teacher said,"Light travels faster than sound."The teacher said that lightfaster than sound. 7.She asked,"Did you call me yesterday?"She asked if I the day before. 8.The manager said,"Please send the report to me."-The manager asked methe report to_. 9.They said,"We must leave here today."-They said that they_ 10.He asked,"Are you going to the party tonight?"-He asked if Ito the party_. 演练三：语法填空试题（一篇文章） Last week,my friend Lucy came to my house and we talked about her trip to Beijing.She said,"I 1. (visit)the Great Wall yesterday,and it 2.(be)amazing."I asked,"3.you _(take)any photos there?"She smiled and said,"Yes,I 4.-(take)many.I will show them to you tomorrow." Then my mother came in and said to Lucy,"You 5._(must)stay for dinner tonight.Lucy replied,"Thank you,but I have to go home.My brother 6.(wait)for me."My mother said,"7.(not worry).I will call your mother and tell her you 8.(be)here." Later,Lucy said to me,"My brother often says,'I 9.-(can)cook better than you.'But I don't think so." I laughed and said,"Maybe we can have a cooking competition next week."She agreed and said,"I 10. (come)to your house then." 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.B5.B6.B7.B8.A9.D10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.was reading;then 2.could;her 3.not to play 4.was 5.would have;the next day 6.travels 7.had called her 8.to send;him 9.had to leave there that day 10.was going;that night 演练三：语法填空 1.visited 2.was 3.Did;take 4.took 5.must 6.is waiting 7.Don't you worry 8.were 9.can 10.would come 高中|英语|沪教版