必修3 动名词作主语和宾语重点是后接动名词的动词及介词搭配-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修3U1动名词作主语和宾语 考频分析 动名词作主语和宾语是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的10%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型： 单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句子结构合理性与表达 地道性。在语境理解类题目中，后接动名词的动词及介词搭配往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对动名词作主语和宾语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·动名词作主语：形式（直接用动名词t作形式主语+动名词真正主语）、主谓一致原则及与不定式作主 语的区别； ·动名词作宾语：后接动名词的动词（如enjoy,practice,avoid等）和介词（如look forward to,be interested in等)的固定搭配； ·句法功能与语境辨析：动名词在复合结构（如sb's doing)中的使用，以及在特定语境中与不定式作宾 语的语义差异（如remember doing与remember to do)。 精讲精练 知识点一：动名词作主语和宾语 ·动名词作主语（表示抽象、习惯性动作） -基础结构：动名词(V-ing)+谓语动词（单数形式） -例句：☐Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康。)口Reading aloud helps improve pronunciation. （大声朗读有助于提高发音。) ·动名词作宾语（重点：后接动名词的动词及介词搭配） -后接动名词的常见动词：enjoy(喜欢)、practise(练习)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、avoid(避 免)、suggest(建议)、keep(持续) -例句：口She enjoys singing in the park.(她喜欢在公园唱歌。)You should practise speaking English every day.(你应该每天练习说英语。) -后接动名词的常见介词：介词(in/on/at//of/for/from /without等)+V-ing -例句：He is interested in collecting stamps.(他对集邮感兴趣。)口Thank you for helping me.(谢 谢你帮助我。)口She left without saying goodbye.(她没说再见就离开了。) ·动名词的复合结构（物主代词/名词所有格+动名词） -作主语：His coming late made the teacher angry.(他迟到使老师生气了。) -作宾语：I remember Tom's winning the competition.(我记得汤姆赢得了比赛。) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的不定式和分词用法 ·动词不定式（表目的、结果、将来动作） 1.基本结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 2.作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式后置） -结构：It+be+形容词+(for sb.)to do sth.It+take+时间+to do sth. -例句： *☐It is important to learn English well.(真正主语是to learn English well) *口It takes me30 minutes to walk to school every day.(it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语) 3.作宾语（后接不定式的常见动词：want,hope,decide,plan,manage,afford,refuse) -结构：主语+动词+to do sth, -例句： *☐She wants to join the school English club.(want后接不定式to join) *口They decided to visit the museum next Sunday..(decide后接不定式to visit) 4.作目的状语（位于句首或句末，表“为了”） 一例句： *☐To improve his listening skills,he listens to English news every morning.(句首表目的) *We study hard to get good grades.(句末表目的) ·现在分词（主动、进行）与过去分词（被动、完成） 1.作定语（现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成） -例句： *口The running boy is my brother..(running主动表“正在跑的”，修饰boy) *口This is a broken window.(broken被动表“被打破的”，修饰window) 2.作状语（现在分词与逻辑主语是主动关系，过去分词是被动关系） -例句： *口Standing on the top of the hill,we can see the whole city.(we与stand是主动关系，用现在 分词Standing) *口Seen from the sky,the park looks like a beautiful garden.(park与see是被动关系，用过去 分词Seen) 3.作宾语补足语（感官动词/使役动词后，现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成） -常见动词：see,hear,watch,notice,find,make,have,get -例句： *口I heard her singing in the next room.(singing主动表“正在唱”，作hear的宾补) *口Ne found the door locked when we got home.(locked被动表“被锁的”，作found的宾补) 知识点三：非谓语动词的特殊用法及区分 ·动名词与不定式作宾语的区别（高考高频考点） 一含义差异：动名词表习惯性、抽象动作；不定式表一次性、具体动作 -例句对比： *口He likes swimming.(习惯性爱好，动名词) *口He likes to swim today.(具体某次动作，不定式) 一部分动词后接动名词不定式的意义差异： *☐remember doing(记得做过某事)→I remember meeting her before.remember to do(记得要 做某事)→Remember to post the letter.. *口forget doing(忘记做过某事)→He forgot locking the door..forget to do(忘记要做某事)→Don't forget to call me. *口stop doing(停止正在做的事)→Stop talking in class.stop to do(停下来去做另一件事)→Stop to have a rest. *口try doing(尝试做某事)→Try adding some sugar.try to do(努力做某事)→Try to finish it on time *regret doing(后悔做过某事)→He regrets telling lies.regret to do(遗憾要做某事)→I regret to inform you. ·分词作状语的用法（高考核心语法） -时间状语（相当于when引导的从句）： *Seeing the teacher,the students stood up.(=When they saw the teacher) *Heated,ice turns into water.(When it is heated) -原因状语（相当于because/since引导的从句）： *Being ill,she didn't go to school.(Because she was ill) *Surprised at the news,we didn't know what to do.(Because we were surprised -条件状语（相当于f引导的从句）： *Working hard,you will succeed.(If you work hard *Given more time,I can finish it better.(=If I am given more time) -让步状语（相当于though/although引导的从句）： *-Though working hard,he failed the exam.(=Though he worked hard) *Beaten many times,he didn't give up.(=Though he was beaten many times) ·独立主格结构（高考难点） -构成：名词代词+分词形容词/副词/不定式介词短语 *→逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时使用 -例句 *口Weather permitting,.we will have a picnic tomorrow.(名词+现在分词) *The meeting over,everyone went home.(名词+副词) *口He entered the room,his face red with anger.(名词+形容词短语) *口Nith so much work to do,.Ican't go out.(with+名词+不定式) *口The teacher came in,a book in his hand.(名词+介词短语) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：动名词作宾语的动词搭配辨析 ·核心：根据后接动名词的动词（如enjoy,practise,finish,mind等），判断空格处应填动词的-ing形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： She enjoys_(sing)in the school chorus.It makes her feel happy. -答案：singing解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，sing的动名词形式为singing. ·真题2（单项选择）： -You should practise_English every day to improve your speaking skills. A.speak B.speaks C.speaking D.to speak -答案：C解析：practise后接动名词作宾语，应用speak的动名词形式speaking。 考法二：动名词与不定式作宾语的区分 ·核心：根据动作是否为习惯性、抽象性或一次性、具体性，以及动词固定搭配，区分宾语使用动名词还 是不定式 ·真题1（语法填空）： She decided _(join)the English corner to practice speaking. -答案：tojoin解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，构成“decide to do sth.”结构，表“决定做某事”，故 填to join。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -He enjoys-basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.playing C.to play D.plays -答案：B解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，构成“enjoy doing sth.”结构，表“喜欢做某事”，此处指 习惯性动作，故填playing。 考法三：非谓语动词混合辨析与语境应用 ·核心：结合动名词、不定式及分词的语法功能，根据语境判断非谓语动词的类型及形式（主动/被动、时 间关系) ·真题1（单项选择）： --English well,we should practise_it every day and avoid_mistakes in pronunciation. A.Learning;speaking;making B.To learn;to speak;to make B.To learn;speaking;making D.Learn;speak;make -答案：C解析：第一空用不定式To learn作目的状语，表示“为了学好英语”；第二空practise后接动 名词speaking,构成practise doing sth.;第三空avoid后接动名词making,构成avoid doing sth.。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(walk)in the park yesterday,I saw an old man_(read)newspapers under a tree.He told me he enjoyed_(collect)old stamps and wanted_(show)me his collection. -答案：Walking;reading;collecting;to show解析：第一空用现在分词Nalking作时间状语，与逻辑 主语I是主动关系；第二空see sb.doing sth.结构中用现在分词reading表“正在读”；第三空enjoy 后接动名词collecting;第四空want后接不定式to show。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 动名作宾看搭配，enjoy practise finish mind后接-ing; 不定式宾记固定，decide want后接todo别忘记； 混合辨析看功能，目的状语不定式开头，see后doing表进行； 主动被动辨关系，逻辑主动用doing,被动需用being done; 时间先后要分明，完成主动having done,.被动having been done。. 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brother suggested_to the beach for a picnic this weekend. A.go B.going C.to go D.goes 2.Remember_the lights before leaving the classroom A.turning off B.turn off C.to turn off D.turned off 3.It took her three hours_the difficult math problem. A.solving B.sol小ve C.to solve D.solved 4.-the early bus,he gets up at 6 o'clock every morning. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 5.The teacher found a student_in class and asked him to stand up. A.sleep B.sleeping C.to sleep D.slept 6.We avoid _junk food because it is bad for health. A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.eaten 7.He tried_the door,but it was locked. A.open B.opening C.to open D.opened 8._from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 9.She decided-part in the school play next month. A.take B.taking C.to take D.takes 10.My parents don't mind_me with my homework after dinner. A.help B.helping C.to help D.helped 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He enjoys_(play)football with his classmates on weekends. 2.They plan_(visit)the Great Wall during the summer holiday. 3.-(learn)a foreign language well requires a lot of practice. 4.The girl was seen(run)towards the bus stop just now. 5.Thank you for_(invite)me to your birthday party. 6.It is important for us-(protect)the environment. 7.-(not talk)in the library,please.The students are reading quietly. 8.The broken window needs_(repair)as soon as possible. 9.She regrets_(tell)lies to her parents yesterday. 10.(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,my friends and I decided_(go)hiking in the countryside.On the way,we saw a group of children_(fly)kites in a field.One little boy asked us_(join)them,so we stopped_(play)with them for a while. After that,we continued_(walk)to the mountain.-(climb)up the hillside,we felt tired but excited.From the top,we could see the whole village_(lie)in the valley below.My friend Tom suggested-(take)some photos to record the beautiful scenery. When we got home,we were all exhausted.However,everyone agreed that it was a great day.I hope (have)another chance_(explore)nature with my friends soon. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.C4.C5.B6.B7.C8.C9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.playing 2.to visit 3.Learning 4.running 5.inviting 6.to protect 7.Don't talk 8.repairing/to be repaired 9.telling 10.Having finished 演练三：语法填空 1.to go 2.flying 3.to join 4.to play 5.walking 6.Climbing 7.lying 8.taking 9.to have 10.to explore 高中|英语|沪教版