必修2 现在分词作定语掌握现在分词修饰名词时的前置与后置用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修2U3现在分词作定语 考频分析 现在分词作定语是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在核心题型中：单项 选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（涉及长难句分析）。在语境理解和句子结构 分析类题目中，现在分词的前置修饰与后置限定用法及其与逻辑主语的关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对现在分词作定语的考察聚焦两大维度，覆盖前置与后置用法的辨析： ·前置定语：单个现在分词作定语修饰名词，表主动或正在进行的动作（如：developing country,interesting story); ·后置定语：现在分词短语作定语修饰名词，置于名词之后，表主动或与谓语动作同时发生的动作（如： the girl singing in the room,a book describing Chinese history ) 精讲精练 知识点一：现在分词作定语（掌握现在分词修饰名词时的前置与后置用法） ·前置用法（单个现在分词作定语，表主动正在进行） 一功能：置于被修饰名词前，说明名词的性质或动作状态 -例句：口a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿，表主动进行)口a running dog(奔跑的狗，表动作状态) ·后置用法（现在分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句） 一功能：置于被修饰名词后，修饰抽象名词或需扩展修饰内容 -例句：口The girl singing in the room is my sister.(=The girl who is singing in the room..正在房间唱 歌的女孩)口I like the book describing Chinese history..(=the book which describes Chinese history 描述中国历史的书) ·注意事项（与过去分词作定语的区别） -现在分词：表主动/进行（逻辑主语为被修饰名词）→例句：falling leaves(正在飘落的叶子，叶子主 动飘落)》 -过去分词：表被动/完成→例句：fallen leaves(已落下的叶子，叶子被风，吹落) 【即学即练】 1.【现在分词前置定语】"running water”中"running”作前置定语，表什么含义？ A.被动 B.完成 C.主动正在进行 D.将来 2.【现在分词后置定语】请将句子"The girl who is dancing on the stage is my cousin.”改写为含现在分词 后置定语的形式： 3.【现在分词与过去分词辨析】选择正确的分词填空：leaves(正在飘落的叶子)应填？ A.fallen B.falling C.fall D.to fall 4.【现在分词定语用法】判断正误：单个现在分词作定语时必须置于名词后（正确填T,错误填F): 5.【现在分词定语改写】将"a book which tells a moving story”改写为含现在分词定语的形式： 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：现在分词作状语 ·表时间（相当于when引导的时间状语从句） 一结构：现在分词（短语）置于句首或句末，动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作 一例句： *Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(=/hen I was walking in the park..在公园散步时，我遇 到了一位老朋友) Having finished his homework,he went out to play.(=After he had finished his homework... 作业后，他出去玩了) ·表原因（相当于because引导的原因状语从句） 一结构：现在分词（短语）置于句首，说明主句动作发生的原因 -例句： *Being ill,she couldn't go to school..(=Because she was ill..因为生病了，她没能去上学) Not knowing his address,I couldn't get in touch with him.(=Because I didn't know his address... 由于不知道他的地址，我无法联系到他) ·表伴随（与主句动作同时发生，对主句动作起补充说明作用） 一结构：现在分词（短语）置于句末，常表示主语的另一个动作 一例句： *He sat on the sofa,watching TV.(他坐在沙发上，看着电视) *The teacher came into the classroom,holding a book in her hand.(老师走进教室，手里拿着一本 书) ·表结果（主句动作导致的自然结果，相当于so that引导的结果状语从句）》 一结构：现在分词（短语）置于句末，常与主句用逗号隔开 一例句： *The heavy rain lasted for three days,causing floods in many areas.(大雨持续了三天，导致许多 地区发生洪水)》 *He worked very hard,making great progress in his studies.(他学习很努力，在学业上取得了很大 进步) ·表方式（说明主句动作的方式） 一结构：现在分词（短语）置于句末 一例句 *They earn their living by selling vegetables.(他们靠卖蔬菜谋生) *He solved the problem using a new method.(他用一种新方法解决了这个问题) ·注意事项 一逻辑主语一致：现在分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致 *错误：Walking along the street,a car hit him.(逻辑主语不一致，应改为Walking along the street, he was hit by a car. *正t确：Walking along the street,he saw a car accident.(he既是walking的逻辑主语，也是saw的 主语) -否定形式：在现在分词前加not *例句：Not having received his reply,.she decided to call him.(没有收到他的回复，她决定给他打 电话) 知识点三：现在分词的独立主格结构 ·基本构成（逻辑主语+现在分词）》 一基础形式拓展（高中核心）： *名词/代词+现在分词→例句：Weather permitting,we will go for a picnic tomorrow.(天气允许的 话，我们明天去野餐) *名词/代词+having done→例句：The meeting having ended,everyone left the room.(会议结束 后，所有人都离开了房间) *with+名词代词+现在分词→例句：Mith the teacher helping me,I made great progress..(在老 师的帮助下，我取得了很大进步) *there being+名词→例句：There being no bus,we had to walk home.(没有公交车了，我们只好 步行回家) ·功能作用（高中常考） -表时间（相当于时间状语从句）→例句：The sun rising,we started our journey.(太阳升起时，我们 开始了旅程) -表条件（相当于条件状语从句）→例句：Time allowing,we can visit the museum.(时间允许的话，我 们可以参观博物馆) -表原因（相当于原因状语从句）→例句：The rain having stopped,.we went out to play..(雨停了，我 们出去玩了) -表伴随（对主句动作补充说明）→例句：He sat there,.his eyes looking at the sky..(他坐在那里，眼 睛望着天空) ·注意事项（高中易错） -逻辑主语独立性：独立主格结构中的现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，与主句主语不同→错误：He reading a book,the doorbell rang..(逻辑主语混乱，应改为He was reading a book;the doorbell rang.或He reading a book,the doorbell rang. -时态一致性：强调动作先于主句动作时用having done→例句：Having finished his work,he went home.(完成工作后，他回家了) -否定形式：在现在分词前加not→例句：Not having received his letter,.she felt worried.(没有收到 他的信，她感到担心) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：现在分词作定语用法辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词的性质及修饰内容的复杂程度，判断现在分词作定语时的前置或后置用法，并区 分与过去分词作定语的不同。 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The_(run)water makes a pleasant sound in the mountain. -答案：running解析：单个现在分词作定语修饰名词water,置于名词前，表主动进行的动作状态，run 的现在分词为running。. ·真题2（完形填空）： Do you know the girl_(sing)on the stage?She has a beautiful voice A.sing B.sings C.singing D.sang -答案：C解析：现在分词短语作定语修饰名词girl,置于名词后，相当于定语从句who is singing,表 主动进行的动作，故用singing。 考法二：现在分词作定语与状语的综合辨析 ·核心：区分现在分词作定语（前置后置）与作状语（时间原因/伴随等）的用法，判断逻辑主语是否一 致及修饰对象 ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl-(read)under the tree is my classmate.She sat there quietly,-(enjoy)the warm sunshine. -答案：reading;enjoying解析：第一空“reading under the tree'”为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 名词“the girl'”,相当于“who is reading”;第二空“enjoying the warm sunshine”为现在分词作伴 随状语，逻辑主语“she”与主句主语一致，表伴随动作。 ·真题2（单选题）： -_the novel,he found it hard to put it down.He was deeply attracted by the_story. A.Reading;interesting B.Read;interested C.Having read;interested D.To read;interesting -答案：A解析：第一空“Reading the novel'”为现在分词作时间状语，逻辑主语“he”与主句主语 致，表主动进行；第二空“interesting”为单个现在分词作前置定语，修饰名词“story”,表“令人感 兴趣的”，符合现在分词作定语表主动的用法。 ·真题3（改错题）： -Walking in the park,a beautiful flower caught her eye.(找出错误并改正) -答案：错误：逻辑主语不一致；改正：Walking in the park,she caught sight of a beautiful flower.解 析：原句中Valking'”的逻辑主语应为“she”而非“a beautiful flower”,改为“she caught sight of”使逻辑主语一致，符合现在分词作状语的语法规则。 考法三：现在分词作定语、状语及独立主格结构的综合辨析 ·核心：区分现在分词作定语（前置后置）、作状语（时间原因伴随等）及独立主格结构的用法，判断逻 辑主语一致性及句式功能 ·真题1（单顶选择）： --the new policy,many families are now enjoying better living conditions.The government,_public satisfaction,has decided to expand its coverage. A.Implementing;focusing on B.Implemented;focused on C.Having implemented;focusing on D.To implement:focused on -答案：C解析：第一空需填入现在分词作状语，逻辑主语为"many families'”,”实施政策”发生在”享 受生活条件”之前，用完成式Having implemented表主动先于；第二空为现在分词短语作后置定语修 饰"the government'”,表主动进行，用focusing on(=which is focusing on)o ·真题2（语法填空）： -The students walked into the lab,_(carry)various experiment tools.-(show)around the facility first, they started their project._(time permit),they plan to finish the research by Friday. -答案：carrying;Having been shown;Time permitting解析：第一空为现在分词作伴随状语，与主句主 语”students”构成主动关系；第二空为现在分词完成式的被动语态(Having been shown)作时间状语， 表”被带领参观”发生在”开始项目”之前；第三空为独立主格结构(Time permitting=If time permits), 逻辑主语"time”与主句主语"they”不同。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 ·现在分词作定语妙招 一单个分词放名前，短语后置才合适； -主动进行用doing,相当于定语从句； 一过去分词表被动，现在分词表主动。 ·现在分词作状语妙招 一作状语时看主语，逻辑一致是关键； -主动关系用doing,时间原因和伴随； -完成先行动作用having done,被动要用being done; -逻辑主语不一致，独立主格来帮忙，名词代词加doing。. ·现在分词作定语状语辨析妙招 一修饰名词是定语，前置后置看长短： 一修饰句子是状语，逻辑主语要一致： 一定语可换从句用，状语多表时间因。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1._the morning news,many people rushed to buy masks. A.Hearing B.Heard C.Tohear D.Having heard 2.The girl_in the library is my best friend. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 3._carefully,the notes will help you review the lesson. A.Taking B.Taken C.Take D.To take 4.The heavy rain lasted all night,_severe flooding in the village. A.cause B.causing C.caused D.to cause 5.We walked along the street,_about the upcoming exam. A.talk B.talking C.talked D.to talk 6.-by the beautiful scenery,the tourists stopped to take photos. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Having attracted 7.The teacher entered the classroom,_a textbook in her hand. A.hold B.holding C.held D.to hold 8._his homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish 9._no bus,we had to walk home in the rain. A.There being B.There was C.There is D.There be 10.The project_by the end of next month will improve our city's traffic. A.completing B.completed C.to complete D.to be completed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The_(fall)leaves cover the ground in autumn. 2.She sat at the desk,_(write)a letter to her parents. 3._(not know)his phone number,I couldn't call him 4.The children_(play)in the garden are my neighbors. 5.The film_(direct)by Zhang Yimou won several awards. 6.-(walk)in the forest,we saw many rare birds. 7.The sun_(rise),we started our journey to the mountain. 8.He succeeded in _(solve)the difficult problem. 9._(show)around the factory,the visitors were impressed by the advanced equipment. 10.The meeting_(begin)at 9 am,please arrive on time. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） *阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。* Last Sunday,my friends and I decided to go hiking.1.(gather)at the school gate at 8 am,we set off for the mountain.The path 2.-(lead)to the top was steep,but we encouraged each other to keep going. Along the way,we saw many 3.-(interest)plants and animals.A little girl 4.(cry)because she lost her way.We helped her find her parents,5.-(make)her family very grateful. After reaching the top,we sat on the rocks,6.-(enjoy)the beautiful view of the city.7.-(tire)but happy, we shared snacks and stories.8.-(time permit),we planned to visit the nearby temple on our way back. However,dark clouds 9.-(gather)in the sky,so we decided to leave early. On our way down,we met a group of volunteers 10.-(clean)the mountain path.Their hard work inspired us to pick up litter as well.It was a meaningful day! 参老答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.B5.B6.B7.B8.C9.A10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.falling 2.writing 3.Not knowing 4.playing 5.directed 6.Walking 7.rising 8.solving 9.Having been shown 10.beginning