必修2 限定性定语从句系统讲解-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（沪教版） Uit1限定性定语从句、非谓语动词与状语从句 考频分析 限定性定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选 择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句）。在语境理解类题目中，关系 代词和关系副词的选择、介词+关系代词的搭配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对限定性定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·l导词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)和关系副词(when、where、.why)的指 代对象与句法功能辨析； ·句法结构特征：先行词的确定，从句对先行词的修饰限定作用，主谓一致原则的体现； ·特殊用法规则：tht与which的用法区别，介词+关系代词结构，关系代词在从句中作宾语时的省略情 况。 精讲精练 知识点一：限定性定语从句的构成及用法 ·1.定义及作用（修饰先行词，不可省略）》 一核心功能：限定先行词的范围，明确所指对象，去掉后会影响主句意义 -例句：口The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(限定”穿红裙子的女孩”，明确具体所指)口 This is the book that I borrowed from the library.(限定”从图书馆借的书”，区分其他书籍) ·2.引导词分类及用法 -关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语）： *who/whom(指人)：who作主语→The boy who helped me is Tom.;whom作宾语→The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.(可省略) *which(指物)：作主语/宾语→The pen which is on the desk is mine.This is the bag which I bought last week.(宾语可省略) *that(指人/物，避免重复或先行词为不定代词等情况)：指人→He is the student that won the first prize.;指物→ldon't like the songs that are too noisy. *whose(表所属关系，指人/物)：指人→She is the girl whose hair is black.；指物→This is the house whose windows are broken. 一关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语）： *when(指时间，先行词为时间名词)I still remember the day when I first came to this school. *where(指地点，先行词为地点名词)→This is the park where we played last Sunday. *why(指原因，先行词为reason)→Tell me the reason why you were late. ·3.特殊用法规则 -只用that不用which的情况：先行词为all/everything/nothing等不定代词→All that glitters is not gold.;先行词被序数词/最高级修饰→This is the first book that I read in English.;先行词既有人又有 They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. -关系代词省略：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略→The movie(which/that)we saw last night was very interesting 【即学即练】 1.【关系代词选择】The girl_Lis talking with my teacher is my deskmate. A.which B.who C.where D.when 2.【关系副词选择】This is the park_we had a picnic last month. A.which B.where C.when D.why 3.【that/which用法】This is the most interesting book_I have ever read. A.which B.what C.that D.who 4.【关系代词省略】The movie -we saw last night was very interesting.(填写可省略的关系代词) 5.【whose用法】The boy_mother is a doctor wants to be a scientist.. A.whom B.which C.whose D.who 必修2|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法 ·1.动词不定式(todo形式，表目的、将来或未完成) -口基本功能及标志词 *作主语→To learn English well is important..(常用it作形式主语→t is important to learn English well. *作宾语→He wants to buy a new bike.(固定搭配：want/hope/decide+todo) *作目的状语→She got up early to catch the first bus.(to表“为了") *作宾语补足语→My mother told me to clean the room.(感官动词/使役动词后省to:see/hear/make sb do sth,但被动语态需还原tol was seen to enter the room.) -口否定形式：在to前加not-He decided not to go there. -·例句： *To solve this problem is challenging.(作主语) *口Ve plan to visit the museum next weekend.(作宾语) *☐She studies hard to pass the exam.(作目的状语) ·2.动名词(doing形式，表主动、进行或抽象概念) 一口基本功能及标志词 *作主语→Swimming is good for health.(常用it作形式主语→It is fun playing basketball.) *作宾语I enjoy reading books.(固定搭配：enjoy/finish/practice+doing) *作表语His hobby is collecting stamps, *作定语→a reading room(动名词作定语表用途，区别于现在分词：a running boy表动作) -☐否定形式：在doing前加not-He apologized for not coming on time, 0例句： *口Playing computer games too much is bad for eyes..(作主语) *口She suggested going for a walk.(作宾语) *口This is a dancing hall.(作定语，表用途) ·3.现在分词(doing形式，表主动、进行；过去分词done形式，表被动、完成) 一口基本功能及用法对比 *作定语： ·现在分词（主动/进行）→a falling leaf(正在落下的叶子)；a boy crying loudly(正在大哭的男孩) ·过去分词（被动/完成）→a fallen leaf(已落下的叶子)；a book written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书) *作状语： ·现在分词（主动/伴随）Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(表时间伴随，逻辑主语与主句 主语一致) 过去分词（被动/状态）→Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(表条件，逻辑主语与主句主 语“城市”是被动关系) *作宾语补足语： ·现在分词（主动/进行）→I heard her singing in the room.(感官动词后作宾补，强调动作持续进 行) ·过去分词（被动/完成）→I found the door locked.(表宾语“门”的状态是“被锁的”) -0例句： *口The girl standing under the tree is my classmate.(现在分词作定语，主动关系) *口Encouraged by the teacher,she worked even harder..(过去分词作状语，被动关系) *口We saw smoke rising from the building.(现在分词作宾补，表主动进行) ·4.特殊用法规则 一口接不定式或动名词意义不同的动词： *remember to do sth(记得要做某事)→Remember to post the letter.(未做)；remember doing sth (记得做过某事)→I remember posting the letter..(已做) *stop to do sth(停下来去做另一件事)He stopped to have a rest.;stop doing sth(停止正在做 的事)→He stopped talking when the teacher came in. 一口独立主格结构：分词逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，需在分词前加独立主语→Veather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow.(weather是permitting的逻辑主语) 知识点三：状语从句的分类及用法 ·1.时间状语从句（引导词：when/while/as/since/.until/before/after) 一基础用法及例句： *口when(当…时，主从句动作可同时或先后发生)→例句：I was reading a book when the phone rang.(从句动作突然发生) *口while(当…时，主从句动作同时进行，从句多用延续性动词)→例句：hile my mother was cooking,I was doing my homework. *·as(一边一边…，强调动作伴随)→例句：She sang as she walked. *口since(自从…以来，主句常用现在完成时)→例句：We have lived here since we came to this city. *·until(直到…，肯定句中主句用延续性动词，否定句中用短暂性动词)→例句：He waited until she came back./I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework. *☐before(在…之前)→例句：Please wash your hands before you have meals. *口after(在…之后)→例句：After he finished his work,he went home. 一特殊考点： *口主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来→I will call you when I arrive in Beijing: *口when引l导时间状语从句与并列句的区别：hen he came in,I was reading.(时间状语从句，“当 …时”)/He came in,and when I saw him,I stood up.(并列句，“这时") ·2.条件状语从句（引导词：if/unless/as long as) 一基础用法及例句： *口if(如果，表肯定条件)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. *口unless(除非，相当于if.not)→例句：You will fail the exam unless you study hard.(=If you don't study hard,you will fail the exam. *☐as long as(只要，表充分条件)→例句：As long as you work hard,you will succeed.. 一特殊考点： *口主将从现：If he comes,I will tell him the news. *口虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句用would/.could/might+ do-lf I were you,I would choose the red one. ·3.原因状语从句（引导词：because/since/.as/now that) 一基础用法及区别： *口because(因为，表直接原因，语气最强，可回答why)→例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill.(Why didn't he go to school?Because he was ill. *口since(既然，表已知的、显然的原因，语气较弱)→例句：Since everyone is here,let's start the meeting *口as(由于，表比较明显的原因，语气比since弱)→例句：As it was getting late,we decided to go home. *now that(既然，同since,☐语中常用)→例句：Now that you know the truth,Idon't need to say more. 一特殊考点： *☐because不能与so连用：Because he was tired,he went to bed early.(不能说Because he was tired,so he went to bed early. *☐强调句型：It is because.that.→It is because he worked hard that he succeeded. ·4.让步状语从句（引导词：though/although/even though/while/no matter+疑问词） 一基础用法及例句： *口though/although(虽然，尽管，两者都不能与but连用)→例句：Though he is young,he knows alot.(不能说Though he is young,but he knows a lot.) *口even though(即使，语气比though/although强)→例句：Even though it was raining heavily,. he still went to work. *while(尽管，位于句首)→例句：/hile I like the color of the dress,Idon't like its style. *口no matter+疑问词（无论…，相当于whatever/whenever/wherever等）→例句：No matter what you say,I won't believe you.(Whatever you say,I won't believe you. 一特殊考点： *口though可用于句末，作副词，意为“不过，可是”→He said he would come;he didn't,though *Das引导让步状语从句需倒装：Child as he is,he can speak three languages.(名词前不加冠词) /Tired as he was,he continued working.(形容词提前) ·5.目的状语从句（引导词：so that/in order that) 一基础用法及区别： *口so that(为了，以便，从句常含can/could/may/might/will/would)→例句：He studies hard so that he can get good grades. *in order that(为了，与so that用法基本相同，可置于句首)→例句：In order that we could catch the early bus,we got up at 5 a.m. 一特殊考点： *口与结果状语从句的区别：so that表目的时，从句含情态动词；表结果时，从句不含情态动词，且 主从句间常用逗号隔开→He ran fast so that he caught the bus.(结果状语从句，“因此，结果”) ·6.结果状语从句（引导词：so.that/such.that..) 一基础用法及区别： *口so...that..(如此…以至于…，so后接形容词副词)→例句：He is so tall that he can reach the apples on the tree./She runs so fast that no one can catch her. *口such.that…(如此…以至于…，such后接名词短语，结构为such+a/an+adj.+可数名词 单数/such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词)→例句：It is such a beautiful day that we want to go out.They are such interesting books that I read them twice. -特殊考点： *☐so和such的转换：such a good student=so good a student-→He is such a good student that everyone likes him.He is so good a student that everyone likes him *口倒装结构：So fast did he run that no one could catch him.(so+adj./adv.置于句首时，主句部 分倒装) 必修2|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：限定性定语从句引导词选择 ·核心：根据先行词类型（人物时间地点原因）及在从句中的语法功能（主语宾语状语），选择正确的 关系代词或关系副词 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_is talking with my teacher is my deskmate. -答案：who解析：先行词"the girl'”指人，且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who。 ·真题2（完形填空）： This is the park_we had a picnic last month A.which B.where C.when D.why -答案：B解析：先行词"the park”指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where。 考法二：限定性定语从句与非谓语动词混合辨析 ·核心：区分限定性定语从句（含关系代词/副词）与非谓语动词（现在分词过去分词作定语）的用法，判 断是否需要使用从句结构或非谓语结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl _(stand)under the tree is my best friend -答案：standing解析：此处需用非谓语动词作定语，girl与stand是主动关系，用现在分词standing; 若用定语从句侧为who is standing,但题目要求填空，非谓语结构更简洁。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -This is the park_we visited last weekend. A.where B.which C.visiting D.visited -答案：B解析：先行词park为地点名词，但从句中visited缺宾语，需用关系代词which/that(可省略)； where作状语，而句中缺宾语，故不选A;C、D为非谓语动词，Visited表被动与park不符，visiting 逻辑主语不明确，故选B。 考法二：状语从句与非谓语动词转换 ·核心：掌握时间/条件状语从句与非谓语动词（现在分词/过去分词）作状语的转换规则，判断主从句主语 是否一致及主动被动关系 ·真题1（语法填空）： -_(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball. -答案：Having finished解析：从句动作finish发生在主句went之前，且主语he与finish是主动关系， 用现在分词完成式Having finished;原状语从句为After he had finished his homework。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --by the teacher,the students worked even harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.When they encouraged D.If they are encouraged -答案：B解析：主句主语students与encourage是被动关系，用过去分词Encouraged作状语；A表 主动不符，C从句主语与主句一致却用主动错误，D时态(are)与主句worked不一致，故选B。 考法二：限定性定语从句与状语从句导词辨析 ·核心：区分关系副词(where/when/why)I导的定语从句与状语从句引导词(where/when/why)的用 法，判断是否修饰先行词 ·真题1（语法填空）： -I still remember the day_I first met her.(定语从句) -答案：when解析：先行词day为时间名词，从句中不缺主干成分，用关系副词when导定语从句， 修饰day;若为时间状语从句则无需先行词，如I was reading when she came。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -We will never forget the day_we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.where C.which D.why -答案：C解析：先行词day虽为时间名词，但从句中spent缺宾语，需用关系代词which/that;when 作状语，而句中缺宾语，故不选A;B、D分别指地点和原因，与先行词不符，故选C。 考法三：定语从句、非谓语动词与状语从句的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境辨析定语从句引导词、非谓语动词形式及状语从句连接词，理解语法结构在复杂句中的 嵌套关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The girl_is standing under the tree admitted that she had seen the man_into the building when she was walking home yesterday. A.who;enter B.whom;entering C.that;to enter D.which;entered -答案：A解析：第一空考查定语从句，先行词"the gir”指人且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that (选项中A、C符合)；第二空考查感官动词see的宾补用法，”看见某人做某事”强调动作全过程用省 略to的不定式，即see sb do sth,结合语境”看见男人走进大楼”为完整动作，故用enter。, ·真题2（语法填空）： -I still remember the day_I first met Mr.Li,who encouraged me_(keep)practicing English.Since then,I have made great progress,_(realize)that the key to learning a language well is consistent effort. -答案：when;to keep;realizing解析：第一空考查定语从句，先行词"the day”表时间，从句中不缺 主干成分，用关系副词when;第二空考查非谓语动词，encourage后接不定式作宾补，即encourage sb to do sth;第三空考查非谓语动词，主句主语"I”与realize是主动关系，用现在分词realizing作结 果状语。 必修2|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 ·定语从句解题妙招 一先行词类型先判断，人用who whom that,物用which that; 一从句成分是关键，主宾用代词，状语用副词； -限定非谓要区分，主动doing被动done,简洁优先非谓语。 ·状语从句转换妙招 一主从主语若一致，可将从句转非谓： -主动关系用doing,被动关系用done; -动作先后要注意，完成时态having done。. ·综合运用解题妙招 一多重复句先拆分，逐层分析定状从； 一定语从句看先行，状语从句看逻辑： 一非谓动词辨关系，主动被动与时态： -固定搭配要牢记，encourage后todo跟。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the most interesting book_I have ever read. A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.She still remembers the day_she first met her English teacher. A.which B.when C.where D.why 3.by his parents,the boy decided to study abroad. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged