必修2 现在分词作状语可表时间原因方式等明确分词与主句主语的逻辑关系-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修2U4现在分词作状语 考频分析 现在分词作状语是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，主要分布在核心题型中：单 项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句子逻辑与连贯性。在语 境理解类题目中，现在分词与主句主语的逻辑关系及时态呼应往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对现在分词作状语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·逻辑关系判断：时间（如Hearing the news,she cried.)、原因（如Being ill,,he stayed at home.)、方 式（如He walked down the street,.singing happily.)、伴随（如They stood there,waiting for the bus.) 等逻辑关系的识别与匹配； ·句法功能辨析：现在分词与主句主语的主动关系确认，避免逻辑主语错误（如Seen from the top,the city looks beautiful.为过去分词作状语，需区分)； ·语境应用选择：结合具体语境选择合适的现在分词形式，如简单式(doing)与完成式(having done)的 区别（如Having finished his homework,he went out to play.)。 精讲精练 知识点一：现在分词作状语 ·1.时间状语（表示动作与主句动作同时或先后发生） 一逻辑关系：分词动作与主句主语为主谓关系（主动） -例句：口Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(散步时，她遇到了一位老朋友。)口Having finished his homework,he went out to play.(完成作业后，他出去玩了。) ·2.原因状语（说明主句动作发生的原因） 一逻辑关系：分词动作是主句动作的原因，主语与分词为主动关系 -例句：☐Being ill,.he couldn't attend the meeting.(因为生病了，他没能参加会议。)Not knowing her address,I couldn't get in touch with her.(由于不知道她的地址，我无法联系到她。) ·3.方式状语（表示主句动作发生的方式） 一逻辑关系：分词动作描述主句动作的伴随状态或方式，主语与分词为主动关系 -例句：口He sat on the sofa,watching TV.(他坐在沙发上，看着电视。)☐They walked along the street,.talking and laughing.(他们沿着街道走着，有说有笑。) ·4.条件状语（表示主句动作发生的条件） 一逻辑关系：分词动作是主句动作发生的前提，主语与分词为主动关系 -例句：口Norking hard,you will succeed.(努力工作，你就会成功。)口Turning to the left,you will find the bookstore..(向左转，你就会找到书店。) 【即学即练】 1.【现在分词作时间状语】 (finish)his homework,he went out to play. A.Finish B.Finishing C.Having finished D.Finished 2.【现在分词作原因状语】 (not know)her phone number,I couldn't call her A.Not know B.Not knowing C.Not to know D.Not known 3.【现在分词作方式状语】He stood there, (wait)for his mother. A.wait B.waiting C.to wait D.waited 4.【现在分词作条件状语】 (work)hard,you will pass the exam. A.Work B.Working C.To work D.Worked 5.【逻辑关系判断】Walking in the rain,he got wet all over..此句中现在分词作_状语。 A.时间 B.原因 C.方式 D.条件 高中|英语」沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：过去分词作状语 ·1.时间状语（表示动作先于主句动作完成） 1.逻辑关系：分词动作与主句主语为动宾关系（被动），且分词动作先发生 2.主动形式表被动意义（常见于“已完成”的状态） 3.例句： -口Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.(从山顶看，这座城市更漂亮了。) -口Lost in thought,he almost ran into a tree.(陷入沉思，他差点撞到树。) 4.被动语态强调动作执行者（可加by短语） 5.结构：(Having been+过去分词)+主句（分词动作明显先于主句动作时用Having been done) 6.例句： -口Having been invited to speak,she felt very honored.(被邀请发言，她感到很荣幸。) -口The letter,.having been read by her mother,.was put on the desk.(信被她妈妈读过之后，放在 了桌子上。) ·2.原因状语（说明主句动作的被动原因） 1.逻辑关系：主句主语是分词动作的承受者（被动关系），分词动作是主句动作的原因 2.结构：(Being)+过去分词+主句(Being可省略) 3.例句 -口(Being)caught in the rain,he got a cold.(被雨淋了，他感冒了。) -口Shocked by the news,she couldn't say a word.(被这个消息震惊，她说不出话来。) ·3.条件状语（表示主句动作发生的被动条件） 1.逻辑关系：主句主语是分词动作的承受者，分词动作是主句动作的前提条件 2.结构：过去分词+主句（可转换为if/when引导的被动条件句） 3.例句： -口Given more time,we could have finished the task better..(如果被给予更多时间，我们本可以把 任务完成得更好。)(=If we had been given more time..) -口Heated to100D,water turns into steam.(水被加热到10oD时会变成水蒸气。)(=When water is heated to100☐..) ·4.让步状语（表示与主句动作相反的被动情况） 1.逻辑关系：主句主语是分词动作的承受者，分词动作与主句动作构成让步关系(“尽管被…”) 2.常用连词搭配：though/although(可省略)+过去分词 3.例句： -口Though defeated many times,he never gave up.(尽管被打败了很多次，他从未放弃。) -口Exhausted as she was,she kept working.(尽管她筋疲力尽，仍继续工作。)(as引导让步状语 从句时需倒装，表语exhausted提前) ·5.伴随状语（描述主句动作发生时的被动状态） 1.逻辑关系：分词动作与主句动作同时发生，主句主语是分词动作的承受者，表状态或方式 2.结构：主句，过去分词短语（常用逗号隔开，相当于“主语+be+过去分词+其他”） 3.例句： -口The teacher entered the classroom,followed by some students.(老师走进教室，后面跟着一些 学生。)(=The teacher was followed by some students when he entered..) -口He sat there silently,,lost in his own world.(他静静地坐在那里，沉浸在自己的世界里。)(lost表 状态，相当于was lost) 知识点三：非谓语动词作定语 ·(可表主动/被动、进行完成，需明确分词与所修饰名词的逻辑关系) ·1.现在分词作定语 一逻辑关系：被修饰名词与分词动作为主谓关系（主动），表“正在进行”或“经常性”动作 一位置：单个分词前置，短语后置 一例句： *口a running boy(正在跑步的男孩)→前置，表主动进行 *The girl singing in the room is my sister..(正在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。)→短语后置，主动关 系 ·2.过去分词作定语 一逻辑关系：被修饰名词是分词动作的承受者（被动），表“已完成”或“被动状态” 一位置：单个分词前置，短语后置 一例句： *·a broken cup(一个破碎的杯子)→前置，表被动完成 *口The novel written by Lu Xun is popular..(鲁迅写的小说很受欢迎。)→短语后置，被动关系 ·3.不定式作定语 -逻辑关系：表“未发生的动作”，被修饰名词多为抽象名词（如ability,.chance,.way等）或序数词/最 高级修饰的名词 一位置：通常后置，与被修饰名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系（主动形式表被动意义） 一例句： *口He has the ability to solve the problem.(他有解决这个问题的能力。)→抽象名词ability+todo *口She is the first student to arrive.(她是第一个到达的学生。)→序数词first+名词+todo *口I have a lot of homework to finish.(我有很多作业要完成。)名词homework与finish构成动 宾关系(to finish homework) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 考法一：现在分词作状语辨析 ·核心：根据上下文逻辑关系（时间、原因、方式、条件），判断现在分词与主句主语的主动关系及动作时 间顺序，正确使用现在分词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(walk)along the street,I noticed a small shop selling handmade crafts. -答案：Walking解析：分词动作“wak”与主句主语“I”为主谓关系（主动），表示与主句动作“noticed” 同时发生的伴随动作，用现在分词作方式状语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --(finish)his project ahead of time,Tom decided to take a short vacation. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.To finish D.Finished -答案：B解析：分词动作“fish”与主句主语“Tom”为主谓关系（主动），且“完成项目”发生在 “决定度假”之前，强调动作先后顺序，用现在分词完成式“Having finished”作时间状语。 考法二：分词作状语与作定语的辨析 ·核心：根据分词在句中的位置及与逻辑主语被修饰名词的关系，判断分词是作状语还是定语，并选择正 确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_(read)books over there is my best friend.She often spends weekends in the library,- (lose)in her favorite stories. -答案：reading;lost解析：第一空，分词短语"reading books over there”修饰名词"the girl”,二者为 主谓关系（主动），作定语；第二空，”lost in her favorite stories”描述主句动作"spends”发生时的伴 随状态，逻辑主语”she”与"Iost”为被动关系（表状态，作状语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --(see)from the top of the mountain,the village looks like a picture.We were deeply attracted by the_(smile)children playing in the square. A.Seeing;smiling B.Seen;smiled C.Seen;smiling D.Seeing;smiled -答案：C解析：第一空，分词短语置于句首，逻辑主语"the village”与”see”为被动关系（被看），作状 语，用过去分词Seen;第二空，分词修饰名词”children”,二者为主谓关系（主动），表”正在微笑”的 状态，作定语，用现在分词smiling。. 考法三：非谓语动词作状语与定语的综合辨析 ·核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）作状语或定语时的逻辑关系（主动/被 动、时间先后)及语法功能 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the novelby Mo Yan,she decided to read it again. A.Reading;written B.Read;writing C.Having read;written D.To read;writing -答案：C解析：第一空需填非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语“she”与“read”是主动关系，且“读小说” 发生在“决定再读”之前，用现在分词完成式“Having read”;第二空“novel'”与“write”是被动关 系，用过去分词“written”作定语，表“被莫言写的小说”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The students_(discussion)the problem now are from Class Three.They have a good way_ (solve)it,_(inspire)by their teacher's words. -答案：discussing;to solve;inspired解析：第一空“students”与“discuss”是主动关系，且表“正 在讨论”，用现在分词“discussing”作定语；第二空“way”后接不定式“to solve”作定语，表“解 决问题的方法”；第三空逻辑主语“they”与“inspire'”是被动关系，用过去分词“inspired”作原因 状语，表“被老师的话激励”。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 解题小妙招 非谓语作状定妙招 作状先找逻辑主，主动现分被动过； 时间先后要分明，完成形式“having done”; 作定修饰名或代，主动现分被动过； 动作进行用现分，状态完成用过分； 不定式作状表目的，作定常接名“way”后； 综合辨析看位置，句首多状名后定。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.the news,she couldn't help bursting into tears. A.Hearing B.Heard C.Tohear D.Having heard 2.The boy _in the library is my brother.He enjoys_ science books there A.reading;reading B.read;to read C.reading;read D.read;reading 3.by the heavy rain,we had to delay our trip to the countryside A.Stopping B.Stopped C.Having stopped D.To stop 4.The teacher entered the classroom, by a group of students carrying experiment equipment. A.following B.followed C.to follow D.having followed _hard,you will surely pass the coming college entrance examination A.Work B.Working C.To work D.Worked 6.The first textbook for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.writing B.written C.to write D.having written 7.the project,they decided to take a break before starting the next task. A.Completing B.Having completed C.Completed D.To complete 8. from the moon,our earth looks like a blue ball covered with white clouds. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 9.He sat at the desk, a letter to his parents about his college life. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 10. many times,but he still couldn't understand the grammatical rule. A.Told B.Having told C.He was told D.Though told 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1._(walk)through the park,we saw a group of children flying kites happily. 2.The novel_(write)by Jane Austen is still popular among readers today. 3.(finish)his homework,Tom turned on the TV to watch his favorite cartoon. 4.The old man sat in the chair,(listen)to the radio quietly. 5._(give)more attention,the little plant will grow much better in the garden. 6.The students_(prepare)for the exam now are asked to keep quiet in the library. 7.-(shock)by the sudden news,she stood there without saying a word for a long time. 8.We have a lot of tasks_(complete)before the end of this week. 9.-(turn)to the right at the second crossing,you will find the hospital easily. 10.The injured dog was taken to the animal hospital,-(follow)by its worried owner. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I decided to visit the city museum.-(walk)along the main street,I noticed a small cafe (decorate)with beautiful flowers.It looked so attractive that I stopped_(have)a cup of coffee.While sitting by the window,I watched people_(pass)by outside.Some were hurrying to work,_(carry) briefcases;others were chatting and laughing,-(enjoy)the warm sunshine. After finishing my coffee,I continued my trip.-(arrive)at the museum,I was greeted by a guide_(dress) in traditional clothes.She showed me around the exhibition halls,_(explain)the history behind each ancient artifact.I was deeply impressed by the pottery_(make)during the Ming Dynasty,which looked so delicate and vivid.By the end of the day,I left the museum with a heart full of knowledge and joy. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.B5.B6.B7.B8.B9.B10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.Walking 2.written 3.Having finished 4.listening 5.Given 6.preparing 7.Shocked 8.to complete 9.Turning 10.followed 演练三：语法填空 1.Walking 2.decorated 3.to have 4.passing 5.carrying 6.enjoying 7.Arriving 8.dressed 9.explaining 10.made 高中|英语|沪教版