必修1 名词所有格的构成与使用-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1名词所有格与非谓语动词 考频分析 名词所有格的构成与使用是高中英语词法的重要考点，考频占词法总量的5%左右，主要分布在单项选择 1题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1题。在语境理解类题目中，名词所有格的构成形式及所属关系的表达 往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对名词所有格的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖构成规则与语境应用： ·基本构成规则：-'s所有格（单数名词、复数名词、不规则复数名词）、o叶所有格（无生命名词、名词短 语)的构成方式： ·特殊用法：共有时与各自所有的表达，名词性物主代词与所有格的转换，时间、距离、国家等名词的所 有格形式； ·语境应用：在句子中作定语、主语、宾语等成分的用法，与名词性物主代词的辨析及替换。 精讲精练 知识点一：名词所有格的构成与使用 ·有生命名词的所有格 -单数名词：直接加's→例句：This is Tom's book.(这是汤姆的书) -复数名词：以s结尾加'；不以s结尾加's→例句：口The teachers'office is on the second floor.(老 师们的办公室在二楼)口Children's Day is on June1st.(儿童节在6月1日) -并列名词：表示各自所有，分别加's;表示共同所有，最后一个加's→例句：·Lucy's and Lily's rooms are different..(露西和莉莉各自的房间不同)口Tom and Jim's mother is a doctor..(汤姆和吉姆的妈妈 是医生)》 ·无生命名词的所有格 -通常用”of+名词”结构→例句：The windows of the house are open.(房子的窗户是开着的) -时间/距离国家/城市等无生命名词可直接加's→例句：口Today's newspaper is interesting.(今天的 报纸很有趣)口ten minutes'walk(十分钟的步行路程) ·特殊所有格 -双重所有格：”of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，表示部分关系→例句：A friend of my father'swil come to visit us.(我爸爸的一个朋友要来看我们) -省略名词的所有格：名词所有格后名词若已提及，可省略→例句：I need to buy a new pen.This is my brother's.(我需要买支新钢笔。这是我哥哥的（钢笔）) 【即学即练】 1.【有生命名词所有格】“汤姆和吉姆共有的妈妈”用英语正确表达是？ A.Tom and Jim mother B.Tom's and Jim's mother C.Tom and Jim's mother D.Tom'and Jim'mother 2.【无生命名词所有格】“十分钟的步行路程”的正确表达： 3.【双重所有格】“我妈妈的一个朋友”的正确表达是？ A.a friend of my mother B.a friend of my mother's C.my mother's a friend D.a my mother's friend 4.【复数名词所有格】“老师们的办公室”的正确表达是？ A.teacher's office B.teachers office C.teachers'office D.teacher office 5.【省略所有格】“这是我姐姐的（书）”可表达为：This is my sister's 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的分类与用法 ·动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、结果)》 -基本功能 *作主语（常用t作形式主语）、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 一结构与用法 *结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） *例句： ·☐To learn English well is important.(作主语，表具体动作)/It is important to learn English well.. (it作形式主语) ·口He wants to buy a new computer..(作宾语，want后接不定式) ·☐Her dream is to become a doctor.(作表语，说明主语内容) ·口I have a lot of homework to do.(作定语，修饰homework,表未完成动作) ·She studies hard to get good grades.(作目的状语，表“为了") ·口My mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语，ask sb.to do sth.) ·动名词(doing)(表泛指、抽象、习惯性动作) 一基本功能 *作主语、宾语、表语、定语 一结构与用法 *结构：动词原形+ing(否定式：not doing) *例句： ·口Swimming is good for health.(作主语，表抽象动作) ·He enjoys playing basketball..(作宾语，enjoy后接动名词) ·Her hobby is singing.(作表语，与主语等同) ·口There is a reading room in our school..(作定语，修饰room,表用途) ·分词(doing/done)(表主动/被动、进行/完成) -现在分词(doing)(主动、进行) *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句： ·□The running water is clean.(作定语，修饰water,.表主动、进行) ·口He sat there reading a book.(作伴随状语，表主动动作) ·口The film is interesting.(作表语，修饰物，表“令人…的") ·口I saw him playing football on the playground.(作宾语补足语，表主动、进行) -过去分词(done)(被动、完成) *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句： ·The broken window was repaired yesterday.(作定语，修饰window,表被动、完成) ·☐Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动，逻辑主语为the city) ·口The glass is broken.(作表语，修饰物，表状态) 口I had my hair cut yesterday.(作宾语补足语，表被动，have sth.done) 知识点三：名词所有格的进阶用法与易错点 ·共有与各自所有的区分（高考高频）》 -口表示几人共有一物时，只在最后一个名词后加's→例句：Lucy and Lily's bedroom is very tidy.(露 西和莉莉共有的卧室很整洁) -口表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都加's→例句：Lucy's and Lily's bags are different colors..(露西的 包和莉莉的包颜色不同) 一口物主代词与名词所有格的转换→例句：This is my sister's coat.=This coat is hers..(这是我姐姐 的外套=这件外套是她的) ·时间距离度量名词所有格（高考常考） -口表示时i间：aday's journey(一天的旅程)→例句：Ne completed a three days'journey yesterday. (我们昨天完成了三天的旅程) -口表示距离：two miles'walk(两英里的步行路程)→例句：t's only ten minutes'ride from here to the station.(从这里到车站只有十分钟车程)》 -口表示度量：five kilos'weight(五公斤的重量)→例句：The box has a twenty kilos'capacity..(这个 箱子有二十公斤的容量) ·双重所有格的用法与辨析（高考难点） -口of+名词性物主代词→例句：A friend of mine will come to visit.(我的一位朋友要来访) -口of+'s所有格→例句：This is a photo of my father's.(这是我父亲的一张照片)【强调父亲拥有的 众多照片中的一张】 -口与of结构的区别：the leg of the table(桌子的腿)强调所属关系；a leg of the table's(桌子的一 条腿)强调部分与整体关系 ·所有格的省略规侧（高考易错） -口上文已提及的名词可省略→例句：I need a new pen.This is my brother's(pen).(我需要一支新钢 笔。这是我哥哥的)》 -口表示店铺、住宅等的名词所有格常省略→例句：'m going to the doctor's(clinic)this afternoon.(我 今天下午要去诊所)/Ne stayed at my uncle's(house)last night.(我们昨晚住在我叔叔家) ·复合名词的所有格（高考拓展） -口复合名词在最后一个词加's→例句：my father-in-law's car(我岳父的车) -口由man/woman构成的复合名词变复数时，前后词均变→例句：women teachers'office(女教师 们的办公室) -口表示“某人家”时，在姓氏复数后加's→例句：the Smiths'house(史密斯-一家的房子) 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：名词所有格的构成与用法 ·核心：根据名词的生命属性、单复数形式及语境，判断正确的所有格形式('s'1of结构等) ·真题1（语法填空）： -This is_(Lucy and Lily)bedroom.They share it together. -答案：Lucy and Lily's解析：由”share it together”可知两人共用一个卧室，表共同所有，只需在最后 一个名词后加's。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --Whose books are these? --They are_. A.the students' B.the student's C.student's D.students's -答案：A解析：问句中"books”为复数，说明是多个学生的书，student的复数students以s结尾，所 有格直接加'，故选A。 考法二：名词所有格与非谓语动词的综合运用 ·核心：结合名词所有格表示所属关系的功能，判断非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）在句中作定语 或状语时与被修饰名词的逻辑关系及动作状态 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The teacher praised the student (solve)the problem in a creative way.This was the_(child)quick thinking that impressed everyone. -答案：solving children's解析：第一空，student与solve是主动关系，用现在分词solving作后置定 语；第二空，“孩子们的快速思考”需用名词所有格，child的复数所有格为children's。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -We should pay attention to the_(teacher)advice-(improve)our writing skills. A.teacher's to improve B.teachers'improving C.teacher to improve D.teachers'to improve -答案：D解析：第一空，“老师们的建议”用复数名词所有格teachers';第二空，表目的用不定式to improve作目的状语，故选D。 考法三：名词所有格与非谓语动词的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断名词所有格的正确形式，同时区分非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）在句中的 功能（定语、状语、宾语等） ·真题1（单顶选择）： -We are going to_tomorrow's meeting,which is about_the teachers'office. A.attend;improving B.attending;to improve C.attend;to improve D.attending;improving 一答案：A解析：第一空“be going to'”后接动词原形，用不定式“to attend”(此处省略to)表将来计 划；第二空“about'”为介词，后接动名词“improving”作宾语；“teachers'office”为复数名词所有 格，以s结尾直接加'，符合知识点一、二、三对非谓语动词用法及名词所有格构成的要求。 ·真题2（语法填空）： I need to buy a pen.The one on the desk is my brother's,but it's broken.I want-(choose)a new one_(give)him as a birthday gif.This shop sells many kinds of_(child)stationery. -答案：to choose;to give;children's解析：第一空“want”后接不定式“to choose”作宾语；第二空用 不定式“to give”作目的状语；第三空“children”为不以s结尾的复数名词，所有格加's,“children's stationery'”表示“儿童文具”，综合考查不定式作宾语、目的状语及复数名词所有格的用法，对应知 识点一、二、三。 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 ·名词所有格妙招 -共有所有最后加，各自所有分别加； -复数名词有s,直接加撇就可以； 一无s复数加's,of结构表无生。 ·非谓语动词妙招 一主动关系用现分，被动完成用过分； 一目的将来用不定，介词之后动名跟； -be going to后原形，作宾作状要分明。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is bedroom.They live together. A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucy's and Lily C.Lucy and Lily's D.Lucy's and Lily's 2.The _office is on the third floor. A.woman teachers' B.women teachers' C.woman teacher's D.women teacher's 3._is important for students. A.To read B.Reading C.Read D.To reading 4.We visited last summer. A.the Smith B.the Smiths C.the Smith's D.Smiths' 5.He asked me_the door. A.close B.closing C.to close D.closed 6.This is a photomy mother's. A.for B.of C.in D.on 7.She has a habit of-early. A.get up B.getting up C.to get up D.got up 8.The_journey took three hours. A.two hour's B.two hours C.two hours D.two hour 9.I saw him_basketball when I passed by A.play B.playing C.to play D.played 10.The book_on the desk is mine. A.lying B.lie C.lay D.lain 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is my_(father)car. 2.They are the(student)books. 3.I want_(go)to the park tomorrow. 4.(swim)is good exercise. 5.The _(child)toys are on the floor. 6.She needs_(finish)her homework first. 7.This is a_(three day)trip. 8.The_(teacher)office is next to the library. 9.He was happy_(see)his old friend. 10.The _(girl)dresses are colorful. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about my weekend plan.On Saturday morning,I will go to_(Uncle Wang)house to help him clean the garden.In the afternoon,I plan(visit)the_(city)museum,where there is an exhibition of ancient paintings. On Sunday,my friends and I decided_(have)a picnic in the park.We need to buy some snacks,so we will go to the_(grocer)first.I also want_(bring)my camera to take photos of the beautiful flowers. Last week,I read a book_(write)by Mo Yan.It was so interesting that I finished it in two_(day)time. The book made me think about the importance of_(keep)trying even when facing difficulties. I hope you can join us for the picnic.Let me know your decision soon! Best wishes,Li Ming 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.B8.B9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.father's 2.students'3.to go 4.Swimming 5.children's 6.to finish 7.three days'8.teachers'9.to see 10.girls' 演练三：语法填空 1.Uncle Wang's 2.to visit 3.city's 4.to have 5.grocer's 6.to bring 7.written 8.days9.keeping 必修1|英语|冀教版