必修1 名词单复数规则-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1名词单复数规则 考频分析 名词单复数规则是高中英语词法的基础模块，考频占词法总量的10%左右，主要分布在试卷的核心题型： 单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)人、书面表达（基础考察，影响名词与冠词、代 词及谓语动词的搭配准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，名词的单复数形式及主谓一致关系往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对名词单复数的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·规则变化形式：一般加-s(如books)、以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es(如boxes)、辅音字母+y结尾变y为i 加-es(如families)的应用； ·不规则变化形式：单复数同形（如sheep)、特殊变化（如man-men,child-→children)、外来词复数 (如phenomena)的识别与记忆； ·语境中数的一致：主谓一致（如The family are.The family is)、量词搭配（如a pair of shoes,.two pieces of advice)及不可数名词具体化（如a success,a coffee)的判断。 精讲精练 知识点一：名词单复数规列则 ·1.规侧变化 -一般情况：直接加-s→例词：book→books(书)、student-→students(学生) -以s,x,sh,ch结尾：加-es→例词：bus→buses(公共汽车)、box→ooxes(盒子)、brush-brushes (刷子)、watch-watches(手表) -以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i加-es→例词：city→cities(城市)、baby-babies(婴儿) -以ffe结尾：变ffe为v加-es→例词：Ieaf-leaves(树叶)、knifeknives(刀) ·2.不规则变化 -单复数同形：sheep(绵羊)、deer(鹿)、Chinese(中国人)→例句：There are three sheep on the farm.(农场里有三只绵羊) -特殊变化：man→men(男人)、wom an-→vomen(女人)、child-→children(孩子)、foot→feet(脚)、 tooth-teeth(牙齿) -外来词/特殊词尾：potato→ootatoes(土豆)、tomato-tomatoes(西红柿)、hero-heroes(英雄) 【即学即练】 1.【规则变化】请写出”knife”的复数形式： 2.【不规则变化】”sheep”的复数形式是： A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.sheep's 3.【规则变化】以辅音字母+y结尾的名词”city”变复数应为： A.citys B.cityes C.cities D.city's 4.【特殊词尾】”p otato”的复数形式是： A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potato's 5.【不规则变化】”"child”的复数形式： 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：名词所有格与主谓一致 ·1.名词所有格（表示所属关系） -口有生命名词所有格 *单数名词：直接加's→例词：Tom's book(汤姆的书)、the boy'stoy(男孩的玩具) *以s结尾的复数名词：加'→例词：the teachers'office(老师们的办公室)、the students'desks (学生们的课桌) *不规则复数名词：加's→例词：children's books(孩子们的书)、men's shoes(男人们的鞋) *并列名词所有格：A and B's(共同所有，A和B共有的)；A's and B's(分别所有，A和B各自的) *例句： 1.Lucy and Lily's mother is a doctor..(共同所有，两人的妈妈是同一人) 2.Tom's and Jim's bags are on the desk.(分别所有，两人各有-个包) -口无生命名词所有格：用”of+名词”结构→例词：the door of the room(房间的门)、the cover of the book(书的封面) -口双重所有格：”of+名词所有格I名词性物主代词”→例词：a friend of my father's(我爸爸的一个朋 友)、a photo of hers(她的一张照片) ·2.主谓一致（主语与谓语动词的单复数匹配） -口语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） *单数主语（可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词短语、从句）：谓语用单数 *例句： 1.The book is on the shelf..(可数名词单数作主语，用is) 2.Water is important for life.(不可数名词作主语，用is) 3.Reading books is his hobby.(动名词短语作主语，用is) *复数主语（可数名词复数、并列名词复数）：谓语用复数 *例句： 1.They are playing football..(人称代词复数作主语，用are) 2.The students study hard every day.(可数名词复数作主语，用study) 一口意义一致原则（主语意义上的单复数决定谓语形式） *集合名词(family,class,team等)：强调整体时谓语用单数；强调成员时谓语用复数 *例句： 1.My family is a big one.(强调整体，用is) 2.My family are watching TV now.(强调成员，用are) *单复数同形名词(sheep,deer等)：根据上下文意义判断单复数 *例句： 1.A sheep is eating grass.(-只绵羊，用is) 2.Three sheep are in the field.(三只绵羊，用are) -☐就近一致原则(or,nor,either..or,neither..nor,not only...but also.连接主语时，谓语与最近的 主语一致) *例句： 1.Either you or he is right..(最近主语he是三单，用is) 2.Not only the students but also the teacher likes the movie.(最近主语the teacher是三单，用 likes) -口特殊结构 *"the+形容词”表一类人：谓语用复数→例句：The old are taken good care of in our country.(老 年人被好好照顾，用are) *”分数/百分数+of+名词”：谓语与of后的名词单复数一致→例句：Two thirds of the water is polluted.(water不可数，用is);Half of the students are girls.(students可数复数，用are) 知识点三：冠词 ·1.不定冠词(alan) 一基础用法（表示泛指）： 1.用于可数名词单数前，指一类人或事物中的任意一个→例词：a book(一本书)、an apple(一个 苹果) 2.表示“一”的概念，但数的意义不如one强烈→例句：I have a pen.(我有一支钢笔) 3.用于首次提到的人或事物前→例句：There is a girl in the room.The girl is reading.(房间里有个 女孩，那个女孩在读书) -特殊用法(a/an的区别)： 1.a用于辅音音素开头的单词前→例词：a university(一所大学，字母u发u:,辅音音素开头)、a useful book(一本有用的书) 2.an用于元音音素开头的单词前→例词：an hour(一小时，字母h不发音，our发/a心/，元音音 素开头)、an honest boy(一个诚实的男孩) ·2.定冠词(the) 一基础用法（表示特指）： 1.用于上文提到过的人或事物前→例句：I bought a pen yesterday.The pen is red.(我昨天买了支 钢笔，那支钢笔是红色的) 2.用于独一无二的事物前→例词：the sun(太阳)、the moon(月亮)、the earth(地球) 3.用于序数词、形容词最高级前→例句：He is the first student to arrive.(他是第一个到的学生)、 This is the tallest building in the city..(这是城里最高的建筑物) -固定搭配（习惯用法）： 1.用于乐器前→例词：play the piano(弹钢琴)、play the violin(拉小提琴) 2.用于姓氏复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”→例句：The Smiths are having dinner.(史密斯 一家正在吃晚饭) 3.用于某些固定短语中→例词：in the morning(在早上)、on the left(在左边)、at the age of(在 …岁时)》 ·3.零冠词（不用冠词） 一基础用法（表示泛指的复数名词或不可数名词）： 1.用于复数名词前，表示一类人或事物→例句：Dogs are loyal animals.(狗是忠诚的动物) 2.用于不可数名词前，表示泛指→例句：Water is necessary for life.(水是生命所必需的) 3.用于三餐、球类运动前→例句：Have breakfast at7:00.(七点吃早饭)、play basketball(打篮球) 一特殊情况（专有名词）： 1.用于人名、地名、国名等专有名词前→例词：China(中国)、Beijing(北京)、Tom(汤姆) 2.用于学科、语言名词前→例词：Math is difficult for me.(数学对我来说很难)、She speaks English wel.(她英语说得好) 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：名词单复数规则辨析 ·核心：根据名词词尾特征及不规则变化规则，判断可数名词的复数形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -There are three _(knife)on the table.Please put them into the box. -答案：knives解析：以ffe结尾的名词变复数需变f/fe为v加-es,knife的复数形式为knives。. ·真题2（完形填空）： My mother bought two_yesterday.We will make potato salad tonight A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potato's -答案：C解析：potato属于特殊词尾的外来词，复数形式需加-es,故正确答案为potatoes。. 考法二：名词单复数与主谓一致综合应用 ·核心：结合名词单复数变化规则判断主语形式，再依据主谓一致原则确定谓语动词的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： Two _(knife)(be)on the table.They are for cutting fruit. -答案：knives are解析：第一空，knife以fe结尾，变复数需把fe变为v加-es,即knives;第二空， 主语为复数名词knives,根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用are。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -The_in the zoo_from Africa. A.deer is B.deers are C.deer are D.deers is -答案：C解析：第一空，deer单复数同形，此处表示泛指，用deer;第二空，主语deer结合语境表 示复数意义（动物园里的鹿不止一只），根据意义一致原则，谓语动词用are。 考法三：名词单复数、所有格与主谓一致及冠词的综合应用 ·核心：结合语境判断名词单复数形式，正确使用名词所有格，遵循主谓一致原则，并根据语义选择合适 的冠词。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_mother is a doctor,and both of them want to be_in the future. A.Lucy and Lily's;woman doctors B.Lucy's and Lily's;women doctors C.Lucy and Lily's;women doctors D.Lucy's and Lily's;woman doctors -答案：C解析：由“is a doctor'”可知是两人共同的妈妈，用Lucy and Lily's;“女医生”复数形式为 women doctors(man/woman修饰名词变复数时，前后名词都变)；“in the future'”表泛指，“医生” 用复数名词表一类人，零冠词，符合零冠词用于复数名词表泛指的规则。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Two thirds of the_(child)in this school_(like)playing football.The _(teacher)office is on the second floor,and a lot of_(book)about sports are kept there. -答案：children;like;teachers';books解析：two thirds of”后接可数名词复数，child复数为children (不规则变化)；主语“two thirds of the children'”为复数，谓语动词用Iike(主谓一致语法一致原则)；“老 师们的办公室”为复数名词所有格，teachers以s结尾加'；“a lot of'”后接可数名词复数，book复数 为books(规则变化直接加s)。 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 名词单复妙招 单复变化有规则，ffe变v加es; 特殊词尾外来词，例如potato加es; 还有单复同形词，deer变化要牢记； 名词所有格用法，共同所有加在后，分别所有各加's; man/woman作定语，修饰名词变复数，前后名词都变样； 主谓一致看主语，语法意义要兼顾，复数主语用复数谓； 冠词使用看泛指，复数名词表一类，零冠词来帮忙。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.There are five_in the basket.They are fresh. A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes D.tomato's 2.My father bought two_yesterday.We will use them to cut bread. A.knife B.knifes C.knives D.knife's 3.The_in the library_very helpful to students. A.woman teachers;are B.women teachers;is C.women teachers;are D.woman teacher;is 4.Either you or your brother_to clean the room today. A.have B.has C.is D.are 5.-mother is a nurse,and they often help her with work. A.Tom and Peter's B.Tom's and Peter C.Tom's and Peter's D.Tom and Peter 6.Three_are eating grass on the hill.They look lovely. A.sheep B.sheeps C.sheepes D.sheep's 7.Two thirds of the_in this school_from the countryside. A.student;is B.students;are C.student;are D.students;is 8.The_is reading a book,and the-are playing games. A.child;childs B.children;child C.child;children D.children;children 9.Not only my parents but also my sister_interested in music. A.am B.is C.are D.be 10.old need more care and love from society. A.A B.An C.The D./ 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.There are three_(box)under the bed.Please take them out. 2.My grandparents have two_(child).They are my father and aunt. 3.This is my-(mother)bag.It's very beautiful. 4.Five _(man)are working in the garden now. 5.The_(leaf)of the tree turn yellow in autumn 6.Two_(woman doctor)are talking with the patients. 7.The _(teacher)office is on the third floor. 8.I have a lot of_(book)on my bookshelf. 9.(sheep)are kept for their wool and meat. 10.My brother often plays_(basketball)after school. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Many people like keeping pets.I have two_(dog)named Lucky and Happy.They are very lovely.Every morning,I take them to the park.There,they often play with other_(pet).Last Sunday,we met a group of_(child)who were flying kites.One of the_(kite)flew into a tree,and Lucky helped get it down.The children thanked us a lot. In the afternoon,my family and I went to visit my_(grandparent)farm.There are many_(sheep)and -(deer)on the farm.My grandfather told me that two_(goose)had just hatched (five little ones. My grandmother cooked a big meal for us.We ate_(tomato)salad and-(potato)soup.It was a happy day! 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.C3.C4.B5.C6.A7.B8.C9.B10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.boxes 2.children 3.mother's 4.men 5.leaves 6.women doctors 7.teachers'8.books 9.Sheep 10.basketball 演练三：语法填空 1.dogs 2.pets 3.children 4.kites 5.grandparents' 6.sheep 7.deer 8.geese 9.tomato 10.potato 必修1|英语|冀教版