必修1 基础时态-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（冀教版）

修1系列资料(冀教版) Chapter 1基础时态 考频分析 基础时态是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择 (3-4题)、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达(核心考察，直接影响句子时态一致性与语 境准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，基础时态的辨析、时间状语匹配及上下文时态呼应往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语考试对基础时态的考察聚焦语法结构与语境运用，覆盖核心时态与综合辨析： 基本时态结构：一般现在时(主语+动词原形三单)、一般过去时(主语+动词过去式)、一般将 来时(will/shall+动词原形； be going to+动词原形) 、现在进行时(am/is/are+doing) 、过去进行时 (was/were+doing) 、现在完成时 (have/has+done) 的构成规则与标志词识别； 时态语境匹配：结合时间状语(如often， yesterday， next week， since 2020， at 8 last night) 及上下文情 境，选择正确时态表达动作发生的时间、状态或关系； 时态综合辨析：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(是否强调对现在的影响)、一般现在时与现在进行时的 对比(经常性动作与正在进行的动作)、过去进行时与一般过去时的连用(背景动作与短暂动作)。 精讲精练 知识点一：基础时态的构成及用法 ·1.一般现在时(表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理 -构成：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式(主语为第三人称单数时，动词加-s/-es) -例句：口She gets up at 6：00 every morning. (经常性动作，主语为第三人称单数，动词用gets) The earth goes around the sun. (客观真理， 动词用goes) ·2.一般过去时(表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态) -构成：主语﹢动词过去式 -例句：□He played basketball yesterday after non.(过去发生的动作， 动词play的过去式为 played) □They were in Beijing last month. (过去存在的状态， be动词的过去式为were) ·3.一般将来时(表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态) -构成：主语 +Wil|+ 动词原形/主语+be going to+动词原形 -例句：I will visit my aunt next weekend.(will+动词原形表示将来) 口She is going to buy a new bike tomorrow. (be going to+动词原形表示将来) ·4.现在进行时(表示现在正在进行的动作) -构成：主语+amis/are+动词-ing形式 -例句：口They are playing football on the playground now.(主语为they,be动词用are,动词play 的-ing形式为playing)口My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.(主语为my mother,,be动词 用is,动词cook的-ing形式为cooking) 【即学即练】 1.【-般现在时】She (go)to school by bike every day.请填写正确形式： 2.【一般过去时】下列选项中，play的过去式正确的是： A.playes B.played C.playing D.plays 3.【一般将来时】表示”明天我将要去公园”，正确的表达是： A.I go to the park tomorrow. B.I will go to the park tomorrow. C.I went to the park tomorrow. D.I am going to the park yesterday. 4.【现在进行时】They(watch)TV now.请填写正确形式： 5.【时态辨析】一般现在时表示动作，现在进行时表示动作。 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在） 1.时间标志词 -already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时 间点（如since2020)、so far(到目前为止） 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数I三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 例句： *口I have finished my homework already..(第一人称，用have+finished) *☐He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+-lived) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动) 一例句： *口My homework has been finished by me already.(主语不可数，用has been+finished的过去 分词finished) *口This house has been lived in by him for5 years..(主语单数，用has been+-lived的过去分词 lived;ive是不及物动词，需加in) ·2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”） 1.时间标志词 -by+过去时间点（如by2019、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+ 一般过去时句子（如When I arrived) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) 一例句： *He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) *口They had left before I arrived.(had+left;arrived是一般过去时，“离开”在“到达”之前) 3.被动语态 一结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成时”，过去分词体现“被动”) -例句 *His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday..(had been+-finished的过去分词 finished *☐The room had been cleaned by them before|arrived.(had been+cleaned的过去分词cleaned) ·3.过去进行时（过去某个时刻/时间段正在发生的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last week(上周这个时候)、when+一般过去时 句子（如hen he came in) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用was,复数用were) -例句： *☐She was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday.(三单主语，用was+watching) *口He was reading a newspaper when the phone rang.(三单主语，用was+reading;rang是 般过去时) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词(was/were体现“过去”，being体现“进行”，过 去分词体现“被动”) -例句： *口TV was being watched by her at8p.m.yesterday.(主语单数，用was being+watch的过去 分词watched) *A newspaper was being read by him when the phone rang..(主语单数，用was being+read 的过去分词read) ·4.将来进行时（将来某个时刻正在发生的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at9a.m.tomorrow(明天上午9点)、this time next month(下个月这个时候)、when+一般将来 时句子（如hen you arrive tomorrow) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+will be+动词现在分词(doing)(will be无单复数变化) 一例句： *I will be studying in the library at 3 p.m.tomorrow.(will be+studying *They will be playing football this time next Sunday.(will be+playing) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+will be being+动词过去分词(will be being体现“将来进行”，过去分词体现“被 动”) 一例句： The project will be being discussed by the team at 10 a.m.tomorrow.(will be being+discuss 的过去分词discussed) *☐A report will be being written by her this time next week.(will be being+write的过去分词 written ·5.现在完成进行时（从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -since+时间点（如since2018)、for+时间段（如for4 hours)、recently(最近）、all day(一整天) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数I三单用has been,复数I第一 人称用have been) -例句： *☐I have been learning English for1 0 years.(第一人称，用have been+learning) *口She has been waiting for you since8o'clock..(三单主语，用has been+waiting) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词(have/has been being体现“现在完成进行”， 过去分词体现“被动”，高中阶段较少考查，了解即可) -例句： *The machine has been being repaired by workers for 3 hours.(has been being+repair 去分词repaired) 知识点三：情态动词 ·1.基础情态动词（表能力、许可、推测） 1.can/could(能力I许可/可能性推测) -能力（现在/过去）：She can speak three languages.(现在)；He could swim when he was5.(过 去) -许可（□语）：Can I use your pen'?(请求)；You can leave now.(允许) -否定推测(can't,肯定推测用must):The book can't be his.(不可能) 2.may/might(许可/委婉请求/较小可能性推测) -许可（正式）：May I come in?(请求)；You may go home early.(允许) -推测（可能性低于must):It might rain tomorrow.(可能） 3.must/have to(必须/不得不) -must(主观必须)：Ne must follow the school rules.(主观义务) -have to(客观被迫)：She has to stay at home because of the rain.(客观原因) 4.need(需要/不必) -肯定句（实义动词，后接todo):You need to take an umbrella.(需要做） -否定句/疑问句（情态动词，后接动词原形）：Need I finish it today?(疑问句)；You needn't worry. (不必) ·2.情态动词表推测（高考高频） 1.对现在/状态的推测 -must(肯定推测，90%可能性)：He must be in the library now..(一定) -may/might(可能推测，50%-30%)：She may be reading a book.(可能) -can't(否定推测，O%):That can't be our teacher.(不可能) 2.对过去动作的推测（情态动词+have done) -must have done(过去一定做过)：They must have arrived home.(过去一定) -may have done(过去可能做过)：She may have forgotten the meeting.(过去可能) -can't have done(过去不可能做过)：He can't have seen her yesterday.(过去不可能) -should have done(过去本应该做却未做)：You should have told me the truth.(本应该) ·3.情态动词的被动语态（易错点）】 1.结构：情态动词+be+动词过去分词 -肯定句：The work must be finished by Friday.(必须被完成) -否定句：This book can't be taken out of the library..(不能被带出) -疑问句：Should the window be opened now?(应该被打开吗) 2.特例：have to的被动（用be+had to+done):The task has to be completed today.(不得不被完 成) 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：情态动词表推测 ·核心：根据语境判断推测的肯定、否定或可能性程度，选择正确情态动词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The lights are on in the room.Someone_(be)inside. -答案：must be解析：由“灯亮着”这一语境可进行肯定推测，“一定有人在里面”，用must be表示 对现在状态的肯定推测。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Where is Tom? --He_be in the library.I saw him go there just now. A.must B.might C.can't D.need 一答案：A解析：由“刚才看到他去图书馆了”这一语境可知，对汤姆在图书馆的推测可能性极高，用 must表示肯定推测。 考法二：情态动词表推测与时态结合 ·核心：根据语境中动作发生的时间（现在过去）及推测语气的强弱，选择正确的情态动词+时态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： The ground is all wet.It_(rain)heavily last night. -答案：must have rained解析：由last night'”可知动作发生在过去，结合“地面全湿”的语境，表 肯定推测“过去一定下过雨”，用情态动词+完成时结构must have rained。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --Where is Lucy?I can't find her anywhere. --She_in the library.I saw her there ten minutes ago. A.must read B.must be reading C.must have read D.might read 一答案：B解析：根据上下文语境，Lucy十分钟前在图书馆，推测现在“一定正在阅读”，表对现在进 行动作的肯定推测，用must be reading。 考法三：情态动词与时态结合的被动语态综合应用 ·核心：根据语境判断情态动词的含义及时态要求，掌握情态动词+be+过去分词的被动结构 ·真题1（单项选择）： The environment_by people around the world.We must take action now. A.must protect B.must be protected C.should protected D.can be protecting -答案：B解析：主语“the environment'”是动作“protect”的承受者，需用被动语态；情态动词“must” 后接be+过去分词，protect的过去分词为protected。 ·真题2（语法填空）： This work_(should finish)before Friday,but they haven't started yet. -答案：should have been finished解析：主语“this work”是动作“finish”的承受者，用被动语态；根 据“before Friday”及“haven't started”可知表示过去本应完成但未完成，用情态动词should+have been+过去分词，finish的过去分词为finished。. 解题小妙招 推测情态动词妙招 推测语气看语境，肯定must否can't; 可能程度might/could,根据把握选恰当； 现在推测形多样，状态be动作do; 过去推测看时间，must have加done; 进行推测不难辨，be doing前加must; 被动推测结构清，情态be done要记牢； 本应完成未完成，情态have been done. 必修1|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（冀教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brother_swim across the river when he was only six years old. A.can B.could C.may D.must 2.The door is locked.They-be at home now. A.must B.might C.can't D.need 3.-Have you finished your report yet? 4.-No,I-finish it by Friday.My teacher said it's the deadline. A.must B.have to C.may D.need 5.The old photos_for over 20 years.They still look new. A.kept B.have kept C.have been kept D.were kept 6.By the time we arrived at the station,the train_already. A.left B.has left C.had left D.will leave 7.I_my homework when my mother came back yesterday evening. A.do B.did C.was doing D.have done 8.The meeting__at 9 a.m.tomorrow.Please arrive on time. A.will hold B.will be held C.is held D.was held 9.She_in this city since 2018,so she knows every corner of it. A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.will live 10.-Why didn't you answer my call? 11.-I'm sorry.I-a shower at that moment. A.take B.took C.was taking D.have taken 12.The problem_carefully before we make a decision. A.must discuss B.must be discussed C.should discuss D.can be discussing 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He_(live)here since he was born. 2.The film_(start)ten minutes ago.We are late. 3.These books_(must return)to the library by next Friday. 4.I_(watch)TV when the phone rang last night. 5.They_(finish)the project by the end of next month 6.The earth_(go)around the sun.It's an objective truth. 7.My brother_(can speak)three languages when he was 10.