选修4 简单句并列句和主从复合句用法辨析-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-选修4系列资料（人教版） Chapter1简单句、并列句和主从复合句及非谓语动词 考频分析 简单句并列句和主从复合句用法辨析是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷多个核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句 子结构的合理性与逻辑关系的准确性。在语境理解类题目中，不同句型的功能及连接词的选用往往是解题 关键。 老查内容 高中英语对简单句、并列句和主从复合句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础结构与逻辑应用， ·句子类型辨析：简单句（主谓、主谓宾、主系表等基本句型）、并列句(and/or/but等并列连词连接)、主 从复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）的结构特征与判断； ·连接词功能应用：并列连词(and/but/or/so等)与从属连词(that/if/whether/because/.although等)的 语义辨析及选用规则； ·复合句语境运用：定语从句关系代词(which/that/who等)与关系副词(where/when/why等)的指代及 句法功能，状语从句（时间/条件让步等）与主句的逻辑关系匹配。 精讲精练 知识点一：简单句、并列句和主从复合句用法辨析 ·简单句（只有一个主谓结构） -基本句型：主谓(S+V)、主谓宾(S+V+O)、主系表(S+Linking V+P)、主谓双宾(S+V+lO+DO)、 主谓宾补(S+V+O+C) -例句：口Birds sing.(主谓)口She bought a book.(主谓宾)口The flower is beautiful..(主系表)口 He gave me a pen.(主谓双宾)口Ne keep the room clean.(主谓宾补) ·并列句（两个或以上简单句用并列连词连接） -常见并列连词：and(并列)、but(转折)、or(选择)、so(结果)、for(原因) -例句：I like tea and she likes coffee..(and表并列)He tried hard but failed.(but表转折)OHurry up or you will be late.(or表选择) ·主从复合句（含一个主句和一个或以上从句，从句需从属连词引导） 一从句类型：宾语从句（作宾语）、状语从句（作状语，如时间/条件原因等）人、定语从句（作定语修饰名 词) -例句：口I know(that)he will come.(宾语从句，that可省略)口hen I arrived,they were talking. (时间状语从句)口This is the book which I bought yesterday.(定语从句，which指代先行词book) 【即学即练】 1.【句子类型辨析】"He gave me a pen yesterday.”属于哪种简单句句型？ A.主谓 B.主谓宾 C.主谓双宾 D.主系表 2.【并列连词选用】请选择合适的并列连词填空：She likes singing_her brother likes dancing. A.and B.but C.or D.so 3.【从句类型判断】"This is the book which I bought yesterday.”中which引导的是什么从句？ A.宾语从句 B.状语从句 C.定语从句 D.主语从句 4.【从属连词用法】宾语从句中，引导陈述句的从属连词是一，该连词一（可不可）省略。 5.【简单句句型识别】请写出Ne keep the room clean.”的简单句句型：一。 选修4|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修4系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及辨析 ·不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、主动、具体动作) 1.基本功能及用法 -作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要，常用it作形式主语：It is important to learn English well.) -作宾语：He wants to buy a new bike.(他想买一辆新自行车，want后接不定式作宾语) -作宾语补足语：ly mother asked me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间，ask sb.to do sth.) -作状语：She came here to see her teacher.(她来这里是为了看她的老师，表目的) -作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做，不定式作后置定语修饰homework) 2.否定形式 -结构：not+todo -例句：He decided not to go there alone..(他决定不独自去那里) ·动名词(doing)(表习惯、主动、抽象概念) 1.基本功能及用法 -作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益，常用it作形式主语：It is good for health swimming.) -作宾语：I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书，enjoy后接动名词作宾语) -作表语：His hobby is collecting stamps..(他的爱好是集邮，动名词作表语说明主语的内容) -作定语：There is a swimming pool in our school..(我们学校有一个游泳池，动名词作定语修饰pool) 2.常见接动名词作宾语的动词 -enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practice(练习)、mind(介意)、avoid(避免)、suggest(建议)、 keep(继续)、consider(考虑) -例句：She practices playing the piano every day..(她每天练习弹钢琴) ·现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(表主动/被动、进行完成) 1.现在分词(doing)(表主动、进行) -作定语：The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩是我的弟弟，现在分词作定语修饰boy, 表主动和进行) -作状语：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友，表主动和 伴随) -作宾语补足语：I saw her dancing in the room.(我看见她正在房间里跳舞，现在分词作宾补表主 动和进行) 2.过去分词(done)(表被动、完成) -作定语：The broken window was repaired yesterday.(被打破的窗户昨天修好了，过去分词作定 语修饰window,表被动和完成) -作状语：Followed by his students,the teacher came into the classroom.(老师在学生们的跟随下 走进了教室，过去分词作状语表被动) -作宾语补足语：I found my wallet stolen.(我发现我的钱包被偷了，过去分词作宾补表被动和完成) 3.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 -现在分词：主语多为物，表“令人…的”，如exciting(令人兴奋的)、interesting(有趣的) -例句：The movie is very interesting.(这部电影很有趣) -过去分词：主语多为人，表“感到…的”，如excited(感到兴奋的)、interested(感兴趣的) -例句：Ve are interested in the movie.(我们对这部电影感兴趣) 知识点三：三大从句用法及连接词辨析 ·宾语从句（在主句中作宾语，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后） 一基本结构：主句+连接词+陈述句语序（主语+谓语） 一连接词分类及用法： *that(无意义，可省略，引导陈述句)→例句：She said(that)she would come back soon.(她说 她很快会回来)》 *if/whether(表“是否”，不可省略，引导一般疑问句)→例句：Idon't know if he will attend the meeting.(我不知道他是否会参加会议) *特殊疑问词(what/when/where/why/how等，保留疑问意义，不可省略)→例句：He asked how he could solve the problem.(他问如何解决这个问题) 一时态一致原则： *主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态；→例句：I think she is studying now.(我认 为她正在学习) *主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态（一般过去时/过去进行时过去完成时等）；→例句：H told me he had finished his homework.(他告诉我他已经完成作业了) ·状语从句（修饰主句谓语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等） 一常见类型及连接词： *时间状语从句(when/while/as/before/after//since/.until) ·when(当…时，主句从句动作可同时或先后发生)：I was reading when he came in.(他进来 时我正在读书) ·while(当…时，主句从句动作同时进行，从句多用进行时)：While I was cooking,the phone rang.(我做饭时，电话响了) *条件状语从句(if/unless/as long as) ·if(如果，引导真实条件句，“主将从现”)：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(如果明天 下雨，我们就待在家里) ·unless(除非，=if not):You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.(除非努力学习，否 则你不会通过考试) *原因状语从句(because/since/as) ·because(因为，回答why,语气最强)：I didn't go out because I was ill.(我没出去是因为生 病了) since(既然，表已知原因)：Since everyone is here,let's start the meeting.(既然大家都到了， 我们开始开会吧) *让步状语从句(though/although/even if) ·though/although(虽然，不可与but连用)：Though he is young,he knows a lot..(虽然他年轻， 但懂得很多) ·定语从句（修饰主句中的名词或代词，即先行词，从句由关系代词/副词引导） 一关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语）： *who/whom(指人，who作主语/宾语，whom作宾语)→例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.(站在那里的女孩是我妹妹)(who作主语)→例列句：The man whom you met yesterday is our teacher.(你昨天遇到的那个人是我们老师)(whom作宾语，可省略) *which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which I bought last week.(这是我上周买的 书)(which作宾语，可省略) *that(指人或物，作主语/宾语，先行词被序数词、最高级、all等修饰时只能用that)→例句：He is the first student that finished the task.(他是第一个完成任务的学生)（先行词被序数词修饰，用 that) -关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语：when表时间，where表地点，why表原因）→where(指 地点)：This is the school where I studied10 years ago.(这是我10年前学习的学校)→when(指 时间)：I still remember the day when we first met.(我还记得我们第一次见面的那天) 选修4|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修4系列资料（人教版） 老法一：简单句、并列句和主从复合句辨析 ·核心：根据句子结构及连接词特征，区分简单句（单一主谓结构）、并列句（并列连词连接）和主从复合 句（从属连词引导从句） ·真题1（语法填空）： She likes singing_her brother prefers dancing -答案：but解析：句中包含两个简单句(She likes singing和her brother prefers dancing),需用并列 连词连接；根据句意“她喜欢唱歌，她哥哥喜欢跳舞”，存在转折关系，故填but。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --I was walking home,I met an old friend. A.Because B.When C.And D.So -答案：B解析：句中包，含主句(I met an old friend)和从句(I was walking home),需用从属连词引导 从句；根据句意“我步行回家时，遇到了一位老朋友”，从句表时间，故用hn引导时间状语从句。 考法二：非谓语动词与状语从句的转换 ·核心：根据语境判断是否可用非谓语动词转换状语从句，注意主动/被动关系及动作时间 ·真题1（语法填空）： -When she saw the strange man,she quickly ran into the house.( -_the strange man,she quickly ran into the house. -答案：Seeing解析：原句为时间状语从句，主句主语she与see为主动关系，故用现在分词Seeing 作状语表主动和伴随。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -_by the beautiful scenery,the tourists decided to stay another week. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Attract -答案：B解析：tourists与attract为被动关系（被美景吸l),用过去分词作原因状语，故选B。 考法三：复合句中非谓语动词与从句的综合运用 ·核心：结合三大从句的结构特点，辨析非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）在复合句中作定语、状语 或宾语补足语的用法，以及与从句的转换关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the project on time,the workers were working day and night. A.Completing B.To complete C.Completed D.Having completed 一答案：B解析：此处需用非谓语动词作目的状语，不定式(todo)表目的，符合语境“为了按时完成 项目”。A项动名词表习惯抽象动作，C项过去分词表被动完成，D项现在分词完成式表主动且先于 主句动作，均不符合句意。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The girl_(sit)by the window is my best friend,who always helps me when I am in trouble. 一答案：sitting解析：句中已有谓语动词“is”,需用非谓语动词作定语修饰“the girl'”。“sit”与“girl” 之间是主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词(sitting)。后半句为定语从句，由关系代词 “who”引导，修饰先行词“friend”,其中包含when引导的时间状语从句。 选修4|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修4系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.She loves painting-her sister prefers dancing. A.and B.but C.or D.so 2.I don't know he will arrive tomorrow. A.that B.what C.if D.how 3.I was reading,the doorbell rang. A.When B.While C.Before D.After 4.He decided _part in the competition next month. A.take B.taking C.to take D.took 5.The book_on the desk is mine. A.lying B.lied C.lie D.tolie 6.If it _tomorrow,we will cancel the picnic. A.rain B.rains C.rained D.will rain 7.She is interested in_English songs. A.sing B.sings C.singing D.to sing 8.This is the house_I lived ten years ago. A.which B.that C.where D.when 9.-by the teacher's words,he worked harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.Encourage D.To encourage 10.He asked me _I had finished my homework. A.that B.if C.what D.who 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We should try our best_(help)others in need. 2.My mother told me she_(visit)my grandparents next week. 3.-it is raining heavily,we still go to school on time. 4.The girl (wear)a red dress is my cousin. 5.I enjoy_(play)basketball with my friends after school. 6.He didn't go to bed_he finished his homework. 7.This is the park-we met for the first time. 8.-(learn)a foreign language well takes time and effort. 9.She was watching TV_her brother came back. 10.The problem_(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is very important. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Passage Last Sunday,I decided 1_(visit)the city museum with my friends.We planned to meet at the school gate at 9 am,but Tom was late because he 2(help)an old man cross the street on his way.When he finally arrived,we set off together. On our way,we saw a group of children 3(play)in the park.They looked so happy that we stopped 4(join)them for a while.After that,we continued our journey.The museum,5is famous for its ancient coins,attracted many visitors.While we 6(walk)around the exhibition hall,a guide told us some stories behind the coins.I took notes carefully 7_(remember)the information. After leaving the museum,we felt a little hungry,so we went to a restaurant nearby.The food there was delicious,8the service was slow.We didn't mind,though,because we had a great time talking about the things we 9_(see).Before saying goodbye,we agreed 10-(visit)the science museum next month. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.C8.C9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.to help 2.would visit 3.Though/Although 4.wearing 5.playing 6.until 7.where 8.To learn 9.when 10.discussed 演练三：语法填空 1.to visit 2.was helping 3.playing 4.to join 5.which 6.were walking 7.to remember 8.but 9.had seen 10.to visit 选修4|英语|人教版