选修2 过去完成时及被动语态-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） Chapter1过去完成时及被动语态 考频分析 过去完成时及被动语态是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，分布在试卷多个核心 题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、短文改错1-2题。在语境理解和逻辑分析类 题目中，过去完成时及被动语态的时态呼应、语态转换及主谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对过去完成时及被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构识别：“had been+过去分词”的构成形式，肯定句、否定句、疑问句的句式转换； ·时态语境匹配：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，与一般过去时被动语态的时间先后 逻辑辨析； ·语态转换应用：主动句变过去完成时被动句的规则（主语宾语互换、谓语动词变为“had been+过去分 词”、添加介词y引出原主语)，以及在间接引语、定语从句中的综合运用。 精讲精练 知识点一：过去完成时及被动语态 ·过去完成时（强调“过去的过去”，动作发生在另一个过去动作之前） -基本结构：had+动词过去分词 -时间标志：by+过去时间点（如by2020,by last week)、before+过去时间/动作 -例句：口She had finished her homework before her mother came back.(母亲回来前她已完成作业) 口By the end of last month,we had learned1000 new words.(截至上月底，我们已学1000个新词) ·被动语态（强调动作承受者，主语是动作的被执行者） 一基本结构：be+动词过去分词(be动词时态随语境变化) 一常用场景：动作执行者不明、需强调承受者或礼貌表达 -例句：口The letter was written by Tom yesterday.(信是汤姆昨天写的，强调信被写)口This book has been translated into many languages..(这本书已被翻译成多种语言，强调完成的被动动作) ·过去完成时的被动语态（过去某时间前已被完成的动作） -基本结构：had been+动词过去分词 一逻辑关系：动作先被完成，后发生另一个过去动作 -例句：口The project had been completed by the time the manager arrived.(经理到达时，项目已被 完成)口All the tickets had been sold out before the concert started.(音乐会开始前，所有票已被售 罄) 【即学即练】 1.【过去完成时判断】By the time he got to the cinema,the film__for10 minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was on 2.【被动语态结构】请写出“The workers built the bridge last year..”的被动语态： 3.【过去完成时被动语态】All the work_before he came back. A.has been finished B.had been finished C.was finished D.would be finished 4.【时态时间标志】下列哪个时间标志词常用于过去完成时？ A.by next week B.by last week C.now D.tomorrow 5.【语态转换】将句子He had repaired the bike before I arrived.”改为被动语态： 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·现在完成进行时（过去持续到现在且可能继续的动作） 1.时间标志词 -since+时间点（如since2018)、for+时间段（如for3 hours、recently(最近）、lately(近来)、 all the time(-直) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词（主语为三单时用has been,非三单时用have been) -例句：She has been studying English for6 years.(三单主语，用has been+studying)口They have been waiting for the bus since7o'clock.(非三单主语，用have been+waiting) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词（强调动作从过去到现在持续被进行） -例句：The project has been being discussed by the team for three weeks.(主语单数，用has been being discussed)These books have been being read by students all semester. 复数，用have been being+read) ·将来进行时（将来某时刻正在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at8p.m.tomorrow(明天晚上8点)、this time next month(下个月这个时候)、when+一般将来 时句子（如hen you arrive tomorrow) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+will be+动词现在分词（无单复数变化，统一用wibe+doing) -例句：☐I will be watching a movie at8p.m.tom orrow.(will be+watching)☐They will be having a meeting this time next Monday.(will be having) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+will be being+动词过去分词(will be being体现“将来进行”，过去分词体现被动) -例句：☐The piano will be being played by her at the party tomorrow evening.(will be being+ played)Letters will be being delivered by the postman this time tomorrow.(will be being delivered) ·将来完成时（将来某时间前已完成的动作） 1.时间标志词 -by+将来时间点（如by2026、by next Friday)、before+将来时间/动作（如before he comes back) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+will have+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用will have+done) -例句：口Ne will have finished the exam by5p.m.tomorrow.(will have+finished)口She will have graduated from university before next summer.(will have graduated) 3.被动语态 一结构：主语+will have been+动词过去分词(will have been体现“将来完成”，过去分词体现被动) -例句：☐The building will have been completed by the end of next year.(will have been+completed) All the tasks will have been finished before the manager returns.(will have been finished) ·过去将来时（从过去看将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句） 1.时间标志词 -the next day/morning(第二天/早上，相对于过去某个时间)、soon(不久，从过去视角看)、 planned/hoped/.said+从句（主句为过去时，从句表过去的将来） 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+would+动词原形/主语+was/were going to+动词原形 -例句：☐He said he would visit his grandparents the next week.(would+isit,主句said为过去 时)口She was going to buy a gift for her mother yesterday.(was going to+buy,过去计划的将 来) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+would be+动词过去分词/主语+was/were going to be+动词过去分词 -例句：☐The meeting would be held the next day,.he told us.(would be+held)A party was going to be organized by them last weekend.(was going to be organized) 知识点三：情态动词的被动语态 ·情态动词的被动语态基本结构 -基础公式：情态动词+be+动词过去分词（适用于can/could,may/might,.must,should,.need等所有 情态动词) 一逻辑特点：强调动作的可能性、必要性、允许性等情态意义，且主语是动作承受者 -例句：☐This task can be finished by Friday.(can+be+finished,表可能性)The rules must be followed by everyone.(must+be+followed,表必要性)Your homework should be handed in tomorrow.(should+be+handed,表建i议)☐More trees may be planted next spring.(may+be+ planted,表推测) ·情态动词+完成时的被动语态 -结构：情态动词+have been+动词过去分词（强调对过去动作的推测或义务） 一时间语境：动作发生在过去，且带有情态意义的被动关系 -例句：☐The window might have been broken by the wind last night.(might have been+broken, 对过去被动动作的推测)The work should have been completed yesterday.(should have been+ completed.,过去本应完成的被动动作)All the tickets must have been sold out before the show. (must have been+sold,对过去被动结果的肯定推测) ·常见情态动词被动语态对比 -can vs.could(能力/可能性的被动) *☐主动：He can solve the problem.→被动：The problem can be solved by him. *☐主动：She could speak French at5.→被动：French could be spoken by her at5. -may vs.might(允许/推测的被动) *口主动：You may use the computer..→被动：The computer may be used by you, *口主动：They might finish the project.→被动：The project might be finished by them. -must vs..have to(必须/客观需要的被动) *D主动：Ne must obey the law.→被动：The law must be obeyed by us. *口主动：The work has to be done today..(have to被动结构直接用be done) ·易错点辨析 1.否定结构：在情态动词后加not,而非be动词后 -错误：The book be not returned.→正t确：The book should not be returned. 2.疑问结构：情态动词提前，后接be+过去分词 -☐主动：Should we collect the data?→被动：Should the data be collected by us? -☐主动：Can they repair the car?→被动：Can the car be repaired by them? 3.情态动词need的被动（作情态动词时后接be done,作实义动词时用need to be done) -口情态动词：The room need be cleaned.(高中阶段常用need to be done) -·实义动词：The room needs to be cleaned.(更符合人教版高中用法) 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 考法一：过去完成时及被动语态辨析 ·核心：根据时间标志词或动作先后关系，判断是否使用过去完成时或过去完成时的被动语态 ·真题1（语法填空）： By the time she_(arrive)at the station,the train-(leave)already. -答案：arrived;had left解析：由时间标志词“By the time”可知，“到达车站”(arrived)为过去动作， “火车离开”发生在“到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时；leave的过去分词为let。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -All the preparations for the party-before the guests arrived. A.have been finished B.had been finished C.are finished D.were finished -答案：B解析：由时间标志词“before the guests arrived”(客人到达前，过去时间点)可知，“准备被 完成”发生在“客人到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，结构为had been+过去 分词，finish的过去分词为finished。 考法二：时态与被动语态结合应用 ·核心：根据语境判断动作的时态和语态，结合时间标志词确定动词的被动形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -By the time the storm hit,all the emergency supplies_(deliver)to the disaster area. -答案：had been delivered解析：由时间标志词"By the time the storm hit'”可知，"deliver”发生在过去 动作"hit”之前，即”过去的过去”，且主语”supplies'”与动作"deliver'”为被动关系，故用过去完成时的被 动语态"nad been delivered”。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The new bridge_by the end of next year,according to the construction plan. A.will complete B.will be completing C.will have been completed D.has been completed -答案：C解析：由时间标志词"oy the end of next year'”可知，动作需用将来完成时；主语"bridge”与 动作"complete'”为被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态will have been completed”。 考法三：时态与情态动词的被动语态综合应用 ·核心：结合不同时态（过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时等）和情态动词，判断被动动作的时 间逻辑及情态意义，掌握复杂被动结构（情态动词+have been done、时态+被动语态叠加） ·真题1（单项选择）： By the time the police arrived,the stolen car_away by the thieves. A.has been driven B.had been driven C.would be driven D.must be driven -答案：B解析：句中“by the time the police arrived”(警察到达时)为过去时间点，“车被开走”发 生在“到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时被动语态，结构为“had been+过去分词”， drive的过去分词为driven。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The old building _(must have been destroy)in the storm last night,for we saw only ruins this morning -答案：must have been destroyed解析：由“last night'”可知动作发生在过去，“we saw only ruins” 提示对过去被动动作的肯定推测，需用情态动词+完成时被动语态，结构为“must have been+过去 分词”，destroy的过去分词为destroyed。 选修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修2系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The meeting_by the time we arrived at the office. A.has been held B.had been held C.was held D.isheld 2.All the books_to the library before the summer vacation starts A.will return B.will be returning C.will have been returned D.have been returned 3.The project__for three months,and it still hasn't been finished. A.has been discussing B.has been being discussed C.is discussed D.was discussed 4.You_more careful with the experiment;it might have been dangerous. A.should be B.should have been C.must be D.must have been 5.By next Friday,we_the new policy for a whole year. A.will implement B.will have implemented C.will be implementing D.have implemented 6.The thief_by the police when he tried to escape. A.has caught B.was caught C.had been caught D.is caught 7.This problem_solved by the end of the week,according to the engineer. A.can be B.can have been C.could be D.could have been 8.The old temple_by workers since last month,and it will open next year. A.is being repaired B.has been being repaired C.was repaired D.will be repaired 9.She said the report the next day,but it wasn't submitted on time. A.would be finished B.will be finished C.had been finished D.has been finished 10.All the tickets _sold out before the concert started,so we couldn't get any. A.are B.were C.have been D.had been 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.By the time I got home,the dinner_(cook)by my mother. 2.The machine(repair)for two hours,and it still doesn't work. 3.These rules_(must follow)by everyone in the company. 4.The novel_(translate)into ten languages by the end of next year. 5.She told me that the party_(hold)the next day. 6.The accident_(might cause)by bad weather,according to the police. 7.We _(wait)for the bus for an hour when it finally arrived. 8.The bridge_(build)since 2023,and it_(complete)by 2026. 9.This task_(should finish)yesterday,but you forgot to do it. 10.By last week,all the old houses in the area_(demolish). 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） (阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式) Last month,a team of scientists announced a breakthrough in environmental protection.They revealed that a new type of plastic-eating bacteria-(develop)after three years of research.By the time the results (publish)in a top journal,the bacteria_(test)on over 100 tons of plastic waste. The project,which_(fund)by a global charity since 2020,(aim)to solve the plastic pollution crisis.Dr. Lee,the lead researcher,said,"We hope this technology-(apply)worldwide by 2030." However,some experts warned that the bacteria_(might not control)easily,as their long-term impact on ecosystems_(not study)yet.They suggested that more tests_(conduct)before large-scale use. So far,the bacteria_(use)in three cities,and the results_(monitor)closely by environmental agencies. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.B5.B6.B7.A8.B9.A10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.had been cooked 2.has been being repaired 3.must be followed 4.will have been translated 5.would be held 6.might have been caused 7.had been waiting 8.has been being built;will have been completed 9.should have been finished 10.had been demolished 演练三：语法填空 1.had been developed 2.were published 3.had been tested 4.has been funded 5.aims 6.will have been applied 7.might not be controlled 8.hasn't been studied 9.should be conducted 10.have been used;are being monitored 选修2|英语|人教版