选修1 主语从句引导词用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（人教版） Chapter1主语从句与非谓语动词 考频分析 主语从句引导词用法是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在以下题型：单 项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、阅读理解（长难句分析关键）。在语法填空和单项选择中，对引导词 that、whether、if及连接代词what、who、which等的辨析与运用是考察重点o 老查内容 高中英语对主语从句引导词用法的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·l导词分类与功能：连接代词(what,which,who,whom,whose)、连接副词(when,where,why,how)、 从属连词(that,whether,.if)的词义辨析与语法功能； ·引导词省略规则：tht在从句中不充当成分时的省略条件与不可省略情形（如从句位于句首、主句谓语 动词是固定搭配等)； ·特殊句型应用：it作形式主语时引导词的选择（如tis+adj.+that/whether..结构），以及与强调句、定 语从句引导词的区分。 精讲精练 知识点一：主语从句导词用法 ·连接代词（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语） -常见引导词：what(什么所…的事物)、who(谁)、which(哪-个)、whose(谁的)、whatever(无 论什么)、whoever(无论谁) -例句：口hat he said is true.(what在从句中作宾语，表“所…的话”)口Whoever comes first will get a prize.(whoever在从句中作主语，表“无论谁”) ·连接副词（在从句中作状语，表时间、地点、原因、方式等） -常见引导词：when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何)、whenever(无论何时)、 wherever(无论何地) -例句：口When the meeting will start is still unknown.(when在从句中作时间状语)How we can solve the problem needs discussion.(how在从句中作方式状语) ·从属连词（在从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用） -常见引导词：that(无实义，仅连接)、whether(是否) -例句：口That she passed the exam surprised us all.(that无实义，仅连接从句)口Whether he will come depends on the weather..(whether表“是否”，不作成分) ·注意事项 -that引导主语从句时，若从句位于句首，that不可省略；若用it作形式主语，that可省略。例句：tis clear(that)he is right..(it作形式主语，that可省略) -whether可与or not连用，而if不可引导位于句首的主语从句。例句：hether or not we go hiking depends on the rain.(不可用if替换whether) 【即学即练】 1.【连接代词用法】_broke the window must pay for it. A.What B.Who C.Which D.Whose 2.【连接副词用法】the meeting will start is still unknown. A.When B.What C.That D.Who 3.【从属连词辨析】_she passed the exam surprised us all. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 4.【引导词省略规则】It is clear_he is right..(判断that是否可省略) A.可省略 B.不可省略 C.必须省略 D.以上都不对 5.【if与whether辨析】_or not we go hiking depends on the rain.(填if/whether) 选修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词作定语和状语 ·分词作定语（修饰名词，表主动/被动、进行完成） 1.现在分词（主动、进行） 一结构：单个分词放名词前，分词短语放名词后 一例句： *a.The running boy is my brother.(running修饰boy,表主动“正在跑的”) *b.The girl singing in the room is Mary.(singing in the room修饰girl,表主动“正在房间唱歌 的”) 2.过去分词（被动、完成） 一结构：单个分词放名词前，分词短语放名词后 一例句： *a.The broken window needs repairing.(broken修饰window,表被动“被打破的”) *b.The book written by Lu Xun is popular..(written by Lu Xun修饰book,表被动“被鲁迅写的") ·分词作状语（修饰句子，表时间、原因、条件、伴随等） 1.现在分词（逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表主动/进行） 一例句： *a.Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(时间状语，=When she was walking.…) *b.Being ill,,he didn't go to school..(原因状语，=Because he was ill...) 2.过去分词（逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表被动完成） 一例句： *a.Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful..(条件状语，=:lf the city is seen..) *b.Given more time,we could finish the work better.(条件状语，=:If we are given.) ·不定式作定语（表将来动作或具体动作） -结构：名词+todo(主动)to be done(被动) 一例句： *a.i have a lot of homework to do.(主动，=I will do homework) b.There is a meeting to be held tomorrow.(=The meeting will be held...) ·不定式作状语（表目的、结果、原因） 1.目的状语（常放句首或句中，可加in order to/so as to) -He studies hard to pass the exam.(=In order to pass the exam,he studies hard. 2.结果状语（常与only连用，表意外结果） -例句：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(意外结果“发现火车已开走"”) 3.原因状语（常放在形容词后，如happy/glad/sorry等） -例句：I'm glad to see you.(='m glad because|see you.) ·注意事项 -分词作状语时，若逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，需用独立主格结构（逻辑主语+分词）。例句：Neather permitting,we will go picnic.(permitting的逻辑主语是weather,.非句子主语we) -不定式作定语时，若名词为time/way/chance等，不定式后可省略介词。例句：I have no time to worry about it..(worry about不可省略about,但“a way to solve the problem”中solve后不可加介词) 知识点三：名词性从句之宾语从句 ·连接词分类及用法 1.从属连词（不充当成分，仅连接） -that(无实义，口语非正式文体中可省略) *例句：Ithink(that)she will come tomorrow. -whether/if(表“是否”，不可省略) *例句：He asked if/whether we needed help *注：介词后或与or not连用时只能用whether:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings./She hasn't decided whether to go or not. 2.连接代词（充当从句主语/宾语/表语定语） -what(什么所…的事物)、who(谁)、which(哪-个)、whose(谁的)、whatever(无论什么) *例句：Do you know what he wants'?(what作wants的宾语) *Can you tell me whose book this is'？(whose作定语修饰book) 3.连接副词（充当从句状语，表时间/地点原因方式） -when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何) *例句：Please explain how you solved the problem.(how作方式状语) *Idon’t know when the concert will start.(when作时间状语) ·语序规则 一宾语从句需用陈述语序（主语+谓语） *错误：He asked where was the nearest hospital, *正t确：He asked where the nearest hospital was. ·时态呼应 1.主句为现在时将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 -例句：She says she has finished her homework.(现在完成时) -I will tell you what I did yesterday.(一般过去时) 2.主句为过去时，从句需用过去相关时态（一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时） -例句：He said he was watching TV at8p.m.(过去进行时) -My mother told me she had been to Paris twice.(过去完成时) 3.例外：从句表客观真理/事实时，用一般现在时 -例句：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. ·特殊结构 1.it作形式宾语（当宾语从句后接补足语时，常用t代替从句置于句首） -例句：I find it important that we should learn teamwork.(it为形式宾语，that从句为真正宾语) 2.“疑问词+不定式”结构（相当于简化的宾语从句）》 -She doesn't know how to answer the question.(how she should answer the question) ·易混点辨析 if vs whether: *引导宾语从句时可互换，但以下情况只能用whether: 1.与or not连用：Ican't decide whether to stay or not. 2.作介词宾语：We’re talking about whether we'll go hiking 3.后接不定式：He hasn't determined whether to accept the offer. 选修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（人教版） 考法一：主语从句引导词辨析 ·核心：根据从句在主句中的语法功能（是否作成分、作何种成分）及语义逻辑，选择恰当的引导词 ·真题1（语法填空）： --he will attend the meeting tomorrow is not clear yet. -答案：Whether解析：从句位于句首，且语义表“是否”，根据知识点一，whether可引导主语从句且 可位于句首，if不可引导位于句首的主语从句，故填hether。. ·真题2（完形填空）： --broke the window must pay for it. A.What B.Who C.Which D.Whose 一答案：B解析：从句中缺少主语，且语义表“谁”，根据知识点一，连接代词h0在从句中可作主语 表“谁”，故填B。 考法二：主语从句引导词与非谓语动词作定语融合考查 ·核心：结合语境判断主语从句引导词的使用，并识别非谓语动词作定语时的主动/被动及时间关系 ·真题1（语法填空）： --the team will choose as captain depends on the votes from all members.The player-(elect)by most people will take charge next month. -答案：Who elected解析：第一空为主语从句，从句中缺宾语(“选择谁”)，用连接代词Who;第二 空为非谓语动词作定语，player与elect为被动关系，用过去分词elected表“被选举的”。 ·真题2（阅读理解七选五选项判断）： -Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A.That we need to solve the problem is the first step.The way finding the solution requires teamwork. B.How to improve efficiency is discussed.The plan put forward yesterday will be carried out. C.If it will rain tomorrow is unknown.The meeting to hold is postponed. D.Whatever she says make sense.The girl dressing in red is my sister. -答案：B解析：A项第二句“way finding”错误，应用不定式to find作定语；C项第一句if不可引 导主语从句（应用/hether),第二句“to hold”应为to be held表被动；D项第一句“make”应为 makes(主语从句作主语视为单数)，第二句“dressing”应为dressed(表被动“穿着”)。B项第 句How引导主语从句，第二句put forward为过去分词短语作定语，语法正确。 考法三：名词性从句与非谓语动词的综合运用 ·核心：结合主语从句宾语从句的引导词及语序规则，判断非谓语动词（分词/不定式）在从句中的成分和 形式（主动/被动、时态） ·真题1（单顶选择）： -_the project on time depends on _enough financial support from the government. A.Completing;getting B.To complete;to get C.That completing;to get D.Whether to complete;getting 一答案：D解析：第一空为主语从句，需用连接词引导，"whether'”表”是否”符合语境(C项that后接 从句语法错误)；第二空为介词on的宾语，需用动名词形式，”getting”表主动”获得”，符合”依赖获 得支持”的逻辑。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -Scientists have found that_(expose)to sunlight for too long may cause skin problems.It's important to know how _(protect)ourselves. -答案：being exposed;to protect解析：第一空为宾语从句的主语，"expose”与逻辑主语（动作承受 者)是被动关系，需用动名词被动式”being exposed”;第二空为”疑问词+不定式”结构作know的宾 语，"now to protect'”表”如何保护”，符合语法规则。 选修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-选修1系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 主语从句妙招 主从引导看三问，意义成分加句首 意义疑问用whether,陈述无义就用that; 成分残缺找代词，what which whose who; 状语就选连接副，how when where why; 句首不用f引导，牢记规则不混淆。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.-_the meeting will be postponed depends on the weather report. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.The teacher asked_we had finished our homework. A.that B.what C.if D.whose 3.broke the classroom window should apologize to the school. A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Wherever D.However 4.She is considering_to take part in the English competition A.if B.whether C.how D.what 5.-in the street yesterday,I met an old classmate. A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 6.The book_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.writing B.written C.to write D.write 7.He hurried to the airport only_the flight had taken off. A.finding B.to find C.found D.find 8.It is important_we should learn basic life skills A.that B.what C.how D.whether 9.The problem__at the meeting tomorrow requires careful discussion. A.to discuss B.discussing C.discussed D.to be discussed 10.the project successfully,we need to work day and night. A.Completing B.Complete C.To complete D.Completed 演练二：填空试题（共10题，每空1词） 1._he will come to the party is still unknown.(Whether/That) 2.I don't know_she bought yesterday.(what/who) 3.The girl_(sing)in the park is my sister. 4.This is the house(build)last year. 5.He studies hard _(pass)the exam. 6.We are excited_(hear)the news. 7.-(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful. 8.It's necessary_we should protect the environment.(that/whether) 9.The children_(play)outside are my neighbors. 10.She asked me how _(solve)the problem. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） It is known that _(keep)a healthy lifestyle is important.However,many people don't know how _(balance)work and exercise.Recent studies show that_(lack)sleep for a long time may lead to health problems.Experts suggest that we should avoid_(stay)up late. -we can form good habits depends on our daily choices.For example,the food_(eat)every day affects our body.It's better to choose fresh vegetables and fruits instead of junk food.Also,_(take)regular exercise is necessary.Even a short walk after meals helps a lot. Some people wonder_(join)a gym is necessary.In fact,the key is to find an activity-you enjoy. Whether it's running,swimming,or dancing,consistency is more important than intensity.Remember: _(start)is the first step towards a healthy life. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.B5.B6.B7.B8.A9.D10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.Whether 2.what 3.singing 4.built 5.to pass 6.to hear 7.Seen 8.that 9.playing 10.to solve 演练三：语法填空 1.keeping 2.to balance 3.lacking 4.staying 5.Whether 6.eaten 7.taking 8.whether 9.that/which 10.to start 选修1|英语|人教版