必修3 动词不定式做定语和状语-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） Chapter1动词不定式做定语和状语 考频分析 动词不定式做定语和状语是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的10%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心 题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 结构的丰富性与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，动词不定式的句法功能及与其他非谓语动词的辨 析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中对动词不定式做定语和状语的考察聚焦两大核心维度，覆盖句法功能与语境应用： ·动词不定式作定语：修饰名词或代词时的位置（置于被修饰词后），及与被修饰词构成逻辑主谓/动宾关 系的判断； ·动词不定式作状语：目的状语（常与in order to/so as to转换）、结果状语（常与only to搭配表意外结 果)、原因状语（置于表情感的形容词后）的句法标识与语境辨析。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词不定式做定语和状语 ·动词不定式做定语（修饰名词代词，表未发生的动作） -位置：通常置于被修饰词之后 一常见类型： *不定式与被修饰问构成逻辑动宾关系：I have a lot of homework to do.(do homework) *不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑主谓关系：He is the first student to arrive.(student arrives) -例句：☐She needs a pen to write with.(with不可省略，write with a pen)I have no chance to go abroad.(to go abroad修饰chance) ·动词不定式做状语（修饰动词/形容词副词，表目的、结果、原因等） -表目的（常用in order to/so as to强调，so as to不可置于句首）： *We study hard to pass the exam.(简单表目的) *In order to improve English,he practices daily.(in order to置于句首) -表结果（常与only连用表意外结果）： *He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(意外结果) *She is old enough to take care of herself..(自然结果，enough修饰形容词时后置) -表原因（常置于形容词后，如glad/happy/sorry等）： *I'm glad to see you.(因见到你而高兴) *They were surprised to hear the news.(因听到消息而惊讶) -例句：☐He ran fast so as to catch the bus.(表目的，so as to不可置于句首)☐She turned around to find a stranger behind her.(表结果) 【即学即练】 1.【不定式作定语】I have a letter_(write).请补充正确形式并说明逻辑关系： 答案：to write;逻辑动宾关系(write a letter) 2.【不定式作状语】He got up early_(catch)the first bus. A.catch B.to catch C.catching D.caught 3.【不定式作结果状语】She rushed to the hospital only_(find)her mother had left. A.find B.to find C.finding D.found 4.【不定式作原因状语】'm sorry(trouble)you.请补充正确形式并说明用法： 答案：to trouble;置于形容词sorry后作原因状语 5.【不定式定语介词省略】She needs a paper_(write)on.介词on能否省略？为什么？ 答案：to write;不能省略，因write与paper构成逻辑动宾关系时需加介词on(write on a paper) 高中|英语|人教版|必修3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词之动名词和分词 ·动名词（兼具动词和名词特征，表动作或状态）》 一功能与用法 *作主语：表示抽象动作或习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数 *作宾语：跟在及物动词（如enjoy,,finish,avoid)或介词（如in,on,by)后 *作表语：说明主语的内容或性质，与主语互换后句意不变 一常见搭配动词 *enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、avoid(避免)、mind(介意)、practice(练习)、suggest(建议)、 keep(保持)、consider(考虑) -例句： *Swimming is good for health.(作主语，谓语用is) *She enjoys listening to music.(作宾语，跟在enjoy后) *His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语，说明爱好内容) ·现在分词（表主动、进行，修饰人或物） 一功能与用法 *作定语：置于名词前（单个分词）或后（分词短语），修饰名词 *作状语：表时间、原因、伴随、结果，逻辑主语与句子主语一致 *作表语：表示主语的特征或状态（常译为“令人…的”） 一与过去分词的区别标志 *修饰人时常用过去分词(-ed),修饰物时常用现在分词(-ing);现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表 被动完成 例句： *The running boy is my brother..(作定语，修饰boy,表主动进行) *Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(作状语，表时间，逻辑主语是she) *The movie is interesting.(作表语，说明movie的特征) ·过去分词（表被动、完成，修饰人或物） 一功能与用法 *作定语：置于名词前（单个分词）或后（分词短语），修饰名词 *作状语：表时间、原因、条件、伴随，逻辑主语与句子主语一致（被动关系） *作表语：表示主语的感受或状态（常译为“感到…的”） -常见搭配动词 *be interested in(对…感兴趣)、get excited(变得兴奋)、be surprised at(对…惊讶)、be located in(位于) 一例句： *The broken window needs repairing.(作定语，修饰window,表被动完成) *Encouraged by her teacher,she studied harder.(作状语，表原因，逻辑主语是she,被动关系) *e are surprised at the news.(作表语，说明主语的感受) ·非谓语动词作宾语补足语 一常见动词搭配 *感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice)+sb.+doing(动作进行)Ido(动作全过程) *使役动词(make,let,have)+sb.+do(主动，不带to);be made to do(被动，还原to) *使役动词(get,keep)+sb./sth.+doing(持续动作)/done(被动完成) 一例句： *I saw her dancing in the room.(感官动词see+宾语her+doing,表动作进行) *The teacher made him clean the classroom.(使役动词make+宾语him+do,主动不带to) *Ve should keep the door closed.(使役动词keep+宾语door+done,表被动状态) 知识点三：非谓语动词之不定式的特殊用法与独立主格结构 ·不定式的特殊结构（高中重点） -疑问词+不定式（作主语/宾语/表语，表具体动作） *常见疑问词：what,how,when,where,which *例句： ·How to solve the problem is still unknown.(作主语) ·He doesn't know what to say at the meeting.(作宾语) ·The question is where to find the lost key.(作表语) 一不定式的主动表被动（表事物内在属性） *适用场景：主语为物，且形容词后接不定式（如easy,hard,difficult,heay) *例句： ·This book is easy to read.(书容易被读，主动表被动) ·The box is heavy to carry.(箱子难搬，主动表被动) 一不定式的省略（保留to,省略动词） *常见于上文已出现过的动词，避免重复 *例句： ·He wanted to go with us,but I told him not to.(to后省略go) ·She asked me to help her,and I was happy to.(to后省略help her) ·独立主格结构（非谓语动词高级用法） -构成：逻辑主语（名词代词）+非谓语动词（不定式分词）+其他成分 *特点：独立主格自带逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致，表时间、条件、原因、伴随 一类型及例句： *名词+现在分词（表主动/进行）： ·The rain having stopped,we went out for a walk.(雨停后，我们出去散步) *名词+过去分词（表被动完成）： ·The problem solved,everyone felt relaxed.(问题解决了，大家感到轻松) *名词+不定式（表未发生动作）： ·The meeting to start tomorrow,we need to prepare today.(会议明天开始，我们今天需准备) *名词+形容词/副词介词短语（补充说明状态）： ·He entered the room,his face red with anger.(他走进房间，脸气得通红) ·非谓语动词的区分对比（易混点辨析） -to do vs doing(表目的vs表伴随)： *He stopped to look at the map.(停下来去看地图，todo表目的) *He stopped looking at the map.(停止看地图，doing表动作本身) -现在分词Vs过去分词（主动Vs被动）： *The girl singing is my sister.(唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，主动关系) *The song sung by her is popular..(她唱的歌很流行，被动关系) 一动名词Vs现在分词（作主语/宾语Vs作定语状语）： *Swimming is my hobby..(动名词作主语，表抽象动作) *The swimming boy is my brother..(现在分词作定语，表主动进行) 高中|英语|人教版|必修3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 考法一：动词不定式作定语和状语辨析 ·核心：根据不定式在句中的位置及与被修饰词的逻辑关系，判断其作定语还是状语，并结合语境确定具 体用法（如动宾关系不可省略介词、目的结果状语的标志词等） ·真题1（语法填空）： She is looking for a room(live). -答案：to live in解析：不定式作定语修饰名词room,与被修饰词构成逻辑动宾关系(live in a room), 介词in不可省略，故填to live in。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -He stayed up late_(finish)his project on time A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 一答案：B解析：句意为“他熬夜是为了按时完成项目”，不定式在此处作目的状语，表“为了…”，故 选B。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语与状语的综合判断 ·核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主谓动宾）及句子成分（定语/状语），选择正确的非谓 语形式（不定式分词） ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl_(stand)at the door is my best friend.She came here-(wait)for me to go shopping. -答案：standing;to wait解析：第一空修饰名词"girl”,girl与stand构成逻辑主谓关系（主动进行），用 现在分词standing作定语；第二空表目的，用不定式to wait作状语。 ·真题2（单项选择）： We have a lot of homework _(finish)tonight,so we should avoid_(watch)TV now. A.finishing;watching B.to finish;watching C.finishing;to watch D.to finish:to watch -答案：B解析：第一空"nomework”与”finish”构成逻辑动宾关系，用不定式to finish作定语表未发生 动作；第二空avoid后接动名词作宾语，用watching。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合运用与区分 ·核心：结合语境判断不定式、动名词及分词的功能差异，掌握独立主格结构的构成规则，区分易混点（如 todo表目的与doing表伴随、主动与被动关系) ·真题1（单顶选择）： -_the project in time,the staff were working at weekends A.Completing B.To complete C.Completed D.Having completed 一答案：B解析：句意表目的“为了及时完成项目”，不定式todo作目的状语，符合知识点一“不定式 作状语表目的”用法；A项动名词作主语宾语，C项过去分词表被动完成，D项现在分词完成式表动 作先于主句发生，均不符合语境。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The girl_(stand)under the tree is my cousin.She enjoys_(sing)and dreams of_(become) a musician. -答案：standing singing becoming解析：第一空需非谓语动词作定语修饰girl,girl与stand是主动关 系，用现在分词standing(知识点二“现在分词表主动")；第二空enjoy后接动名词作宾语（知识点 二“enjoy-+doing”);第三空of是介词，后接动名词作宾语（知识点二“介词+doing”)。 高中|英语|人教版1必修3 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.We decided to postpone the meeting-more people could attend. A.allowing B.allowed C.to allow D.allow 2.English well,he practices speaking every morning. A.Learning B.To learn C.Learned D.Learn 3.The teacher warned us_the dangerous area alone. A.not enter B.not entering C.not to enter D.not entered 4.She spent the whole afternoon _for her missing keys. A.search B.searching C.to search D.searched 5.-by the noise,I couldn't fall asleep last night. A.Disturbing B.Disturbed C.To disturb D.Disturb 6.This math problem is too difficult. A.solving B.solved C.to solve D.solve 7.I rememberthe door before leaving,but it's open now. A.locking B.to lock C.lock D.locked 8.the exam,he started to prepare for the next one immediately. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Having finished 9.The book _on the desk belongs to my sister. A.lying B.lied C.to lie D.lie 10.He stood there,what to do next. A.wondering B.wondered C.to wonder D.wonder 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She has a lot of work_(do)this weekend. 2.We should avoid(make)the same mistake again. 3.-(improve)his writing skills,he keeps a diary every day. 4.The child was found_(cry)in the street alone. 5.This song is easy_(sing). 6.They suggested_(hold)a party for the new students. 7._(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful. 8.I'm glad_(hear)that you passed the exam. 9.He hurried to the airport only(find)the flight had taken off. 10.The meeting_(hold)tomorrow is about environmental protection. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 After_(graduate)from high school,Mike decided to travel around Europe.He started his journey by train, -(hope)to experience different cultures.One day,he arrived in Paris and found a small hotel_(stay) in.The hotel owner,a kind old man,advised him_(visit)the Eiffel Tower early in the morning to avoid crowds Mike followed the advice and reached the tower at 7 a.m.-(climb)to the top,he enjoyed a wonderful view of the city.He spent the whole day-(explore)museums and historic sites.In the evening,he met a group of travelers from Japan.They invited him_(join)their dinner,and they talked about their travel stories until midnight. On his last day in Paris,Mike tried_(learn)some basic French phrases.Though it was difficult-(speak) fluently,he felt happy to communicate with locals.Before leaving,he promised_(return)to Paris some- day. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.B3.C4.B5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.to do 2.making 3.To improve 4.crying 5.to sing 6.holding 7.Seen 8.to hear 9.to find 10.to be held 演练三：语法填空 1.graduating 2.hoping 3.to stay 4.to visit 5.Climbing 6.exploring 7.to join 8.to learn 9.to speak 10.to return 高中|英语|人教版|必修3