必修3 动词ing形式做各种成分及用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） Chapter1动词ing形式及非谓语动词 考频分析 动词ig形式做各种成分及用法是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多 个核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（涉及长难句分析， 影响句意理解)、书面表达（核心考察，用于丰富句式结构与表达多样性）。在语境理解类题目中，动词ig 形式作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分的辨别及用法差异往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对动词ig形式的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·句法功能辨析：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的基本特征与语境识别； ·固定搭配与句式：介词后、某些动词（如enjoy,.avoid,suggest等）后接doing的固定用法，以及There besb.doing sth.等特殊句式； ·现在分词与动名词区分：作定语时现在分词表主动/进行与动名词表用途的区别，作表语时现在分词表特 征与动名词表抽象概念的差异。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词ing形式做各种成分及用法 ·作主语（表示抽象动作或习惯性行为） 一用法：置于句首，谓语动词用单数 -例句：Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)Reading aloud improves pronunciation.(大 声朗读能提升发音) ·作宾语（用于及物动词或介词后） -常见动词：enjoy(喜欢)、practice(练习)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、avoid(避免) -例句：☐She enjoys singing in the park.(enjoy后接ing作宾语)☐He is good at playing basketball. (介词at后接ing作宾语) ·作表语（说明主语的性质或状态） 一用法：置于系动词后，多表示主语的特征或正在进行的动作 -例句：口Her hobby is painting.(说明主语的性质)口The book is interesting..(现在分词作表语，表 主动特征) ·作定语（修饰名词，表主动或进行） 一前置定语（单个ing形式）：a running boy(正在跑步的男孩)、a sleeping baby(熟睡的婴儿) -后置定语（短语形式）：The girl singing in the room is my sister..(正在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹) ·作状语（表示时间、原因、方式、伴随等） -时间状语：Walking in the street,I met an old friend.(=hen I was walking..) -伴随状语：He sat on the sofa,watching TV.(他坐在沙发上看电视) -原因状语：Being ill,,she didn't go to school..(因为生病了，她没去上学) ·作宾语补足语（用于感官动词或使役动词后） -常见动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、keep(保持)、fnd(发现) -例句：口I saw him playing football on the playground.(看见他正在操场踢足球)We kept the fire burning all night.(让火整夜然烧着) 【即学即练】 1.【动词ing作主语】下列句子中，动词ing形式作主语的是？ A.He likes reading books B.Running is my favorite sport. C.The girl singing is my classmate D.I heard her singing a song. 2.【动词ing作宾语】She finished_(do)her homework at8pm. 3.【动词ig作定语】下列短语中，现在分词作后置定语的是？ A.a swimming pool B.the boy running on the playground C.a sleeping cat D.drinking water 4.【动词ing作状语】 (wak)in the park,she saw a beautiful flower.(用所给词的适当形式填空) 5.【动词ing作宾补】I found the little boy_(cry)in the corner. 必修3|英语」人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词之不定式和过去分词 ·不定式(todo形式，表目的、将来、主动) 1.基本用法（作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补） -作主语（常用t作形式主语） *结构：t+be+形容词+to do sth./To do sth.+谓语动词（单数） *例句：口It is important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要)口To finish the task on time is difficult.(按时完成任务很难) 一作宾语（用于及物动词后） *常见动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、refuse(拒绝) *例句：口She wants to go to college.(她想上大学)口They decided to visit the museum.(他们 决定参观博物馆) 一作状语（表目的、结果、原因） *目的状语：He studies hard to get good grades..(为了取得好成绩，他努力学习) *结果状语：She hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(她匆忙赶到车站，却发现火 车已经开走了) 一作宾补（用于使役动词或情感动词后） *常见动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、wish(希望)、help(帮助，to可省略) *例句：口ly mother told me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间)口I helped him(to)carry the box.(我帮他搬箱子) ·过去分词(done形式，表被动、完成、状态) 1.基本用法（作定语、表语、状语、宾补） 一作定语（修饰名词，表被动或完成） *前置定语（单个过去分词）：a broken cup(一个破杯子)、developed countries(发达国家) *后置定语（短语形式）：The novel written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的小说很受欢迎) 一作表语（说明主语的状态或感受） *例句：The door is closed.(门是关着的)I am interested in music.(我对音乐感兴趣) -作状语（表时间、原因、条件、伴随） *时间状语：Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful..(从山上看，这座城市很美)(=When it is seen...) *原因状语：Shocked by the news,she couldn't say a word.(被这个消息震惊，她说不出话来) *条件状语：Given more time,we can finish the work better..(如果给更多时间，我们能把工作做 得更好) 一作宾语补足语（用于感官动词可或使役动词后，表被动或完成） *常见动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、find(发现)、have(让)、get(使) *例句：☐I found the window broken.(我发现窗户破了)☐Ve had our car repaired yesterday.. (我们昨天让人修了车) ·不定式与现在分词作宾补的区别 -不定式(todo):表动作全过程或经常性动作 *例句：I saw him enter the room.(我看见他进了房间)（强调全过程） -现在分词(doing):表动作正在进行 *例句：I saw him entering the room.(我看见他正在进房间)（强调正在进行）】 -过去分词(done):表被动或完成 *例句：I heard the song sung in English.(我听见这首歌被用英语演唱) 知识点三：非谓语动词的混合辨析与专项应用 ·非谓语动词作定语的对比（高考重点） -不定式(todo):表将来动作，主动关系，常后置 *例句：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(我明天有个会议要参加)（表将来） -现在分词(doing):表主动或进行，单个词前置，短语后置 *例句：The girl reading a book is my sister..(正在读书的女孩是我妹妹)（表主动进行） -过去分词(done):表被动或完成，单个词前置，短语后置 *例句：The broken glass was cleaned by Tom.(被打碎的玻璃由汤姆清理了)（表被动完成） ·非谓语动词作状语的区别（高考核心） -不定式(todo):表目的、意外结果(only to do) *例句：She saved money to buy a new bike.(她存钱是为了买一辆新自行车)（目的） -现在分词(doig):表主动伴随、时间、原因（与逻辑主语是主动关系） *例句：/alking along the street,.he met his old teacher.(沿街走时，他遇到了以前的老师)（时间， 主动) -过去分词(done):表被动状态、时间、原因（与逻辑主语是被动关系） *例句：Praised by the teacher,.she felt very happy.(被老师表扬后，她感到很高兴)（原因，被动） ·非谓语动词的时态与语态（高考难点） 一不定式的时态： *一般式(todo):表动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生 ·例句：He seems to know the truth.(他好像知道真相) *完成式(to have done):表动作发生在谓语动作之前 ·例句：'m sorry to have kept you waiting.(抱歉让你久等了) 一现在分词的语态： *主动式(doing):表逻辑主语主动发出动作 ·例句：The man speaking to her is my brother.(正在和她说话的男人是我哥哥) *被动式(being done):表逻辑主语被动承受动作（且动作正在进行） ·例句：The house being built will be our new library.(正在建造的房子将是我们的新图书馆) ·易混结构辨析（高考易错） -口stop to do(停下来去做另一件事)vs.stop doing(停止正在做的事) *例句：He stopped to look at the map.(他停下来看地图)/He stopped smoking last year.(他去年 戒烟了) -口remember to do(记得去做某事，未做)vs.remember doing(记得做过某事，已做) *例句：Remember to lock the door.(记得锁门)/I remember meeting her before.(我记得以前见 过她)》 -口regret to do(对将要做的事遗憾)vs.regret doing(对做过的事后悔) *例句：I regret to tell you the bad news..(我遗憾地告诉你这个坏消息)She regrets leaving school early.(她后悔早早辍学)】 必修3|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 考法一：动词ing形式作宾语辨析 ·核心：根据及物动词或介词后的搭配规则，判断是否使用动词ig形式作宾语 ·真题1（语法填空）： She enjoys_(sing)in the school choir every weekend. -答案：singing解析：enjoy为常见后接动词ing形式作宾语的动词，故填sing的ing形式singing。 ·真题2（完形填空）： He is good_playing basketball and often wins matches. A.at B.to C.with D.for -答案：A解析：be good at为固定搭配，介词at后需接动词ing形式，此处playing为提示，故填at。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语的辨析 ·核心：根据上下文逻辑关系及与逻辑主语的关系，判断使用不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语 ·真题1（语法填空）： -_(improve)his English,he joined an English club last month. -答案：To improve解析：由语境可知，加入英语俱乐部的目的是提高英语，表目的用不定式，故填To improve. ·真题2（完形填空）： --by the heavy rain,we had to stay at home all day. A.Stopping B.Stopped C.To stop D.Stop -答案：B解析：逻辑主语w与stop之间是被动关系，即“被大雨阻止”，表被动用过去分词，故选B。 考法三：非谓语动词综合辨析与语境应用 ·核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）的主动/被动关系、时间先后及成分功 能，掌握不同形式在句中作定语、状语、宾补的区别 ·真题1（单项选择）： --the homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Having finished -答案：D解析：句中已有谓语动词”wet”,空格处需用非谓语动词作时间状语。”完成作业”发生在”出 去玩”之前，表主动且先于谓语动作，应用现在分词完成式"Having finished”。A项表主动但无时间先 后，B项表被动，C项表目的，均不符合语境。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The girl_(read)under the tree is my cousin.She hopes_(become)a writer when she grows up. -答案：reading;to become解析：第一空需作定语修饰"the girl","read”与逻辑主语"girl”是主动关系 且动作正在进行，用现在分词”reading”;第二空"hope”后接不定式作宾语，构成"hope to do sth.”结 构，故填"to become”。 必修3|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She decided__a part-time job during the summer vacation. A.take B.taking C.totake D.took 2.-carefully,the old man walked across the busy street. A.Watch B.Watching C.Watched D.To watch 3.I remember_this song somewhere before,but I can't recall when. A.hear B.hearing C.to hear D.heard 4.The book_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 5._the exam,we need to study hard in the next few weeks. A.Pass B.Passing C.To pass D.Passed 6.They saw a boy_in the river and rushed to save him A.swim B.swimming C.to swim D.swum 7.__for two hours,he felt very tired and stopped to rest. A.Work B.Working C.To work D.Having worked 8.The teacher asked us-the classroom after school. A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean D.cleaned 9.-from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 10.My parents don't allow me_too much time_computer games. A.to spend;playing B.spend;play C.spending;to play D.spent;played 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He enjoys_(listen)to music while doing homework. 2.The workers are busy_(build)a new hospital in our city 3.She hopes_(visit)her grandparents during the winter holiday. 4._(learn)English well,he practices speaking every morning. 5.I found a wallet_(lie)on the ground when I walked in the park. 6.The film_(direct)by Zhang Yimou is very popular with young people. 7.Remember_(turn)off the lights before you leave the room. 8._(not know)his telephone number,I couldn't get in touch with him. 9.The students are made_(wear)school uniforms every day. 10.They decided_(postpone)the meeting until next Monday. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I went to the park with my friends.On the way,we saw an old man_(sell)fresh vegetables. He looked very tired,so we decided_(help)him.After_(finish)selling all the vegetables,he thanked us again and again.We felt happy_(do)something good for others.In the park,we met a girl-(draw) pictures by the lake.Her paintings were so beautiful that we stopped_(watch)her_(work).She told us she loved_(paint)because it made her feel relaxed.Before leaving,we promised_(visit)her art exhibition next month.It was a meaningful day,and I learned that(help)others can bring us happiness. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.D8.C9.C10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.listening 2.building 3.to visit 4.To learn 5.lying 6.directed 7.to turn 8.Not knowing 9.to wear 10.to postpone 演练三：语法填空 1.selling 2.to help 3.finishing 4.to do 5.drawing 6.to watch 7.working 8.painting 9.to visit 10.helping 必修3|英语」人教版