必修3 情态动词表许可能力和推测-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） Chapter1情态动词表许可、能力和推测 考频分析 情态动词表许可、能力和推测是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占情态动词考点总量的30%左右，主要分 布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、阅读理解（间接考察，影响句 意理解)。在语境辨析类题目中，情态动词的许可表达(can/may/must的否定形式)、能力推测(can/could 与be able to的区分)及情态动词+have done的推测用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中对情态动词表许可、能力和推测的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·许可表达：can、may、could、might的基本用法及语气差异，情态动词与语境礼貌程度的匹配； ·能力体现：can、could、be able to的时态差异与用法辨析，过去能力与特定场合能力的表达； ·推测功能：must、may、might、could、cant在不同句式（肯定句、否定句、疑问句）中的推测强度与 语境应用，对现在、过去及将来情况的推测结构。 精讲精练 知识点一：情态动词表许可、能力和推测 ·表许可（允许或请求许可） -常见情态动词：can/may(口语常用，may更正式)、could/might(语气更委婉，用于请求) -例句：口You can use my dictionary..(允许，☐语)口May I leave the classroom now?(请求许可，正 式)Could I borrow your pen？(委婉请求，语气比can弱) ·表能力（具备做某事的能力） -常见情态动词：can(现在/将来能力)、could(过去能力，或委婉表现在能力) -例句：She can speak three languages.(现在能力)My father could swim very fast when he was young.(过去能力)口Could you help me carry this box?(委婉表现在能力，比can更客气) ·表推测（对情况的可能性判断） -常见情态动词：may/might(可能性较低，“可能”)、can(用于否定句/疑问句，“可能”)、must(可能 性极高，“一定”) -例句：☐He may be at home now.(肯定句推测，可能性约50%-70%)口This might not be the right way.(否定推测，might比may可能性更低)口Can the news be true?(疑问句推测，“可能吗”)· She must know the answer.(肯定句推测，可能性接近100%) 【即学即练】 1.【表许可】 I use your computer?-Yes,you can. A.May B.Must C.Need D.Should 2.【表能力】My grandfather swim very well when he was young A.can B.could C.is able to D.has been able to 3.【表推测】The light is off.He_be at home now. A.must B.may C.can't D.should 4.【语气辨析】一Could|ask you a question?-Yes,you A.could B.can C.might D.may 5.【推测强度】在肯定句中，表最高可能性推测的情态动词是 表较低可能性的是 高中|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：情态动词表义务、推测和虚拟语气 ·表义务（必须、应该、禁止） 1.常见情态动词 -must(必须，语气强硬)、have to(不得不，强调客观需要)、should/ought to(应该，建议性)、 needn't(不必)、mustn't(禁止，语气强烈) 2.用法对比 -must与have to:must表主观义务（如"”我必须学习”），have to表客观要求（如”因下雨不得不待 在家”)；mustn't表禁止，needn't表不必（回答must引导的疑问句） 一例句 -口You must wear a seat belt when driving.(主观义务，必须) -口She has to take care of her little sister today..(客观需要，不得不) -口Students should finish homework on time.(建议，应该) -口You needn't come early tomorrow.(不M) -口Cars mustn't park here.(禁止停车) ·表推测（不同语气的可能性判断） 1.肯定句推测 -must(可能性极高，”一定”)、should(按常理推测，”应该会")、may/might/could(可能性依次降 低，”可能他许”) -例句： -☐The light is on,so he must be at home.(可能性接近100%) -口They should arrive by now.(按计划推测，"应该到了”) -口She might go to the party tonight.(可能性较低，”也许会去") 2.否定句推测 -can't(不可能，语气肯定)、may not/might not(可能不，语气较弱) -例句： -口He can't be in the library;I saw him leave.(”不可能”，语气肯定) -口This may not be the best solution.(”可能不是”，可能性较低) 3.疑问句推测 -can/could(”可能吗”，用于疑问句) -例句： -口Could this be the right answer?(委婉疑问，”这可能是正确答案吗”) ·表虚拟语气（与事实相反的假设） 1.对现在事实的虚拟(if从句用过去时，be动词用were) -结构：If+主语+动词过去式(were),主语+would/could/,should/might+动词原形 一例句： -口If I were you,I would take the job.(现在事实相反：我不是你) -口If he had time,he could help us.(现在事实相反：他没时间) 2.对过去事实的虚拟(f从句用过去完成时) -结构：If+主语+had+动词过去分词，主语+would/could/.should/might+have+动词过去分词 一例句： -口If she had studied harder,.she would have passed the exam.(过去事实相反：她设努力学) -口You might have caught the bus if you had run faster.(过去事实相反：没跑快) 3.对将来事实的虚拟(if从句用should do/were to do/.动词过去式) -结构：If+主语+should/were to+动词原形/动词过去式，主语+would/coud/should/might+动 词原形 一例句： -口If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.(将来可能性低的假设) -口If he were to leave,I would be sad.(将来假设：他不太可能离开) 知识点三：情态动词表推测的时态差异与特殊用法 ·对现在当前情况的推测 -常见情态动词：must(一定)、may/might/could(可能)、can't(不可能) -用法说明：根据语境判断可能性高低，must仅用于肯定句，can/can't用于否定句和疑问句 一例句： -口The ground is wet,.so it must have rained last night.(误：对过去推测用must have done,此处应 为现在结果推测→It must be raining outside.)】 -口She may be reading in the library now.(现在可能正在读书) -口Could this red bag belong to Mary?(疑问句推测：这个红包可能是玛丽的吗？) -口He can't be at home;his car isn't in the driveway.(否定推测：不可能在家) ·对过去情况的推测 -结构公式：情态动词+have+过去分词 -常见情态动词及语气： *must have done(一定做了，肯定推测) *may/might/.could have done(可能做了，不确定推测) *can't/couldn't have done(不可能做了，否定推测) 一例句： -口They must have arrived by now.(他们现在一定到了→对过去动作的肯定推测) -口You might have told me you were coming.(你本可以告诉我你要来的→委婉责备) -☐She can't have forgotten our appointment.(她不可能忘记我们的约会) -口He could have passed the exam if he had studied.(虚拟语气混合推测：他本可以通过考试) ·对将来情况的推测 -常见情态动词：will(很可能)、should(按道理应该)、may/might(或许) -用法对比：wil表主观判断的高可能性，should表基于逻辑的合理推测 -例句： -The train should arrive at9:O0a.m.(按时刻表推测：火车应该九点到) -口It may rain tomorrow,so take an umbrella.(将来可能性较低的推测) -口You will probably regret this decision.(主观判断：你很可能会后悔这个决定) ·特殊结构：情态动词+be doing(对正在进行的动作推测) 一结构特点：强调动作正在发生的可能性 一例句： 一They must be waiting for us at the station.(他们一定正在车站等我们) -口She might be watching TV in her room now.(她现在可能正在房间看电视) -口Could he be lying about his whereabouts?(疑问句推测：他可能在隐满行踪吗？) ·补充说明 一本知识点聚焦情态动词推测功能的时态维度，与知识点一、二的基础推测用法形成互补，重点区分现 在过去将来时态下的结构差异及虚拟语气混合用法。 高中|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 考法一：情态动词表推测的时态差异 ·核心：根据语境判断推测的时态（现在/过去/将来），选择正确的情态动词形式（情态动词原形情态动词 +have done/情态动词+be doing) ·真题1（语法填空）： The ground is wet.It_(rain)last night -答案：must have rained解析：由时间标志词“last night'”可知是对过去情况的推测，“地上湿了”表 示肯定推测，用“must have done”结构，故填must have rained。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Where is Tom? --Hebe in the library.I saw him go there just now. A.must B.might C.can't D.should 一答案：A解析：根据语境“刚看到他去图书馆”可知是对现在情况的肯定推测，可能性极高，用ust, 故选A。 老法二：情态动词推测与时态结合 ·核心：根据语境判断推测的时态（现在/过去将来），选择正确的情态动词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The ground is all wet.It_(rain)heavily last night. -答案：must have rained解析：由时间标志词last night'”可知是对过去情况的推测；结合“地面全 湿”的语境，可能性极高，用“must have+过去分词”结构。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Where is Alice? --She be in the library.I saw her go there just now A.must B.might C.can't D.should 一答案：A解析：由“刚才看到她去那里”的语境可知是对现在情况的肯定推测，可能性极高，用ust。 考法三：情态动词表推测的时态综合应用 ·核心：结合语境判断情态动词推测功能的时态（现在/过去/将来）及对应结构(must/may/might+-dobe doing/have done ·真题1（单项选择）： -The light is off.Heto bed already. A.must go B.must have gone C.might go D.might be going -答案：B解析：根据”灯灭了”的现在结果推测过去动作，用”情态动词+have done”结构；must表肯 定推测（可能性极高），符合语境”他一定已经睡觉了”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： She looks worried.She_(wait)for the exam result now. -答案：must be waiting解析：由时间标志词"now”可知对正在进行的动作推测，用”情态动词+be doing” 结构；”看起来焦虑”提示高可能性，故填must be waiting(一定正在等)。 高中|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 情态动词推测妙招 推测时态看标志，过去have done现原形； 现在进行be doing,时间标志是关键； must表肯定可能性高，might may语气依次弱； 结合语境判时态，结构对应准没错。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The door is locked.He_be at home now. A.must B.can't C.might D.should 2.You_have told me you were coming-I made no preparations. A.must B.should C.can D.might 3.If she_here,she would help us solve the problem A.were B.is C.was D,be 4.The train_arrive at 8:00,but it's delayed due to the storm. A.will B.should C.must D.need 5.He_have finished the work yesterday-he told me it was urgent. A.can B.must C.might D.should 6.-May I smoke here? 7.-No,you_.This is a non-smoking area. A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.wouldn't 8.They_be playing basketball on the playground.I heard their voices there. A.must B.might C.can't D.should 9.You take an umbrella.It's going to rain soon. A.will B.shall C.should D.may 10.She looks upset.She-have failed the driving test. A.can B.must C.might D.need 11.If I _more time,I would have visited the museum last week. A.have B.had C.have had D.hadhad 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.You_(must/have to)wear a helmet when riding a bike.(客观规定) 2.The light is on,so he(be)in the office now. 3.We-(not park)here-it's forbidden. 4.She(finish)her homework by now.The teacher collected it 10 minutes ago. 5.You _(not come)early tomorrow.The meeting starts at 10 a.m. 6.If I(be)you,I would apologize immediately. 7.The baby is crying.She_(be hungry). 8.He_(pass)the exam if he had studied harder. 9.You _(should/must)take a break-you've been working all day. 10.They_(wait)for over an hour.The bus is usually on time. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） I was walking home yesterday when I noticed a lost dog.It 1._(must/stray)for hours because its paws were dirty and it looked hungry.A little girl nearby said,"It 2.-(belong)to Mrs.Smith-she lives on the next street."We decided to help.The dog 3.-(follow)us quietly,so it 4.-(be)awell-trained pet.When we arrived at Mrs.Smith's house,she was worried."I 5.-(look)for it all morning!"she said."You 6.-(call) me,but thank you for bringing it back."I replied,"We 7.(not find)you without the girl's help."Mrs.Smith smiled and said,"You 8.(be)angels!If this dog 9.-(get)lost in the rain,I 10.-(be)devastated." 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.A4.B5.B6.B7.A8.C9.B10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.have to 2.must be 3.mustn't park 4.must have finished 5.needn't come 6.were 7.must be hungry 8.might have passed 9.should 10.must have been waiting 演练三：语法填空 1.must have strayed 2.must belong 3.followed 4.must be 5.have been looking 6.could have called 7.couldn't have found 8.must be 9.had got 10.would have been 高中|英语|人教版