必修3 句子成分的省略用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（人教版） Chapter1句子成分的省略用法与非谓语动词 考频分析 句子成分的省略用法是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在核心题型中： 单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（间接考察，影响对复杂句式的理 解)。在语境分析类题目中，省略成分的还原及逻辑关系判断往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对句子成分省略用法的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与语境应用： ·省略类型识别：主语省略、谓语省略、宾语省略、状语省略的常见情形与判断依据； ·省略条件分析：上下文语境关联、句式结构对称、习惯表达固定搭配对省略的影响； ·省略还原应用：在阅读理解中根据逻辑关系补全省略成分，在书面表达中正确运用省略提升语言简洁性。 精讲精练 知识点一：句子成分的省略用法 ·主语的省略（多见于祈使句或对话语境） -祈使句中省略主语you→例句：Open the window,please..(完整形式：You open the window,please.) -对话中承接上文省略主语→例句：一Where did you go yesterday?一ent to the park.(完整形式： I went to the park. ·谓语动词的省略（常用于避免重复，保留助动词情态动词） -保留情态动词/助动词，省略实义动词→例句：·She can swim faster than I can..(完整形式：She can swim faster than I can swim.)☐He has finished his work,and I have too.(完整形式：He has finished his work,and I have finished my work too. ·宾语的省略（上文已提及宾语，避免重复） -及物动词后省略重复宾语→例句：一Nould you like some coffee?一Yes,'dike.(完整形式：Yes, I'd like some coffee. -介词后省略重复宾语→例句：He loves reading as much as his sister does.(完整形式：He loves reading as much as his sister loves reading. ·状语的省略（时间、地点、方式等状语因语境明确而省略） -时间状语省略→例句：I met her(on)last Sunday.(完整形式：I met her on last Sunday..) -地点状语省略→例句：She works(in)a hospital..(完整形式：She works in a hospital.) ·从句中的省略（状语从句中主从句主语一致或主语为t时） -主从句主语一致，省略从句主语和be动词→例句：hen(Iwas)walking in the street,I saw a friend. (完整形式：hen I was walking in the street,I saw a friend..) -it作形式主语时省略itis→例句：It's important(for us)to learn English.(完整形式：It is important for us to learn English. 【即学即练】 1.【主语省略】一here did you go last night??一_to the cinema.(补全省略的主语和谓语) 2.【谓语省略】She can sing better than I一.（补全省略的实义动词） 3.【状语从句省略】hen_(walk)in the park,she met her teacher.(用所给词的正确形式填空) 4.【宾语省略】-Nould you like some tea？一Yes,'d like一·（补全省略的宾语） 5.【it形式主语省略】t's necessary_(for us)to exercise every day..(判断括号内成分是否可省略，并说 明原因) 必修3|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法 ·动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、结果或固定搭配) 1.基本功能 -作主语→例句：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) -作宾语→例句：He wants to buy a new bike.(他想买一辆新自行车) -作目的状语→例句：She came here to see her friends.(她来这儿是为了看她的朋友) -作宾语补足语→例句：My mother asked me to clean the room.(我妈妈让我打扫房间) 2.省略to的情况 -使役动词后(let,make,have)→例句：Let him go.(让他走) -感官动词后(see,hear,watch,notice,feel)→例句：I saw her dance yesterday.(我昨天看见她 跳舞了) -固定搭配(had better,.would rather,,why not)→例句：You had better study hard.(你最好努力 学习) ·动名词(doing)(表主动、进行或抽象概念) 1.基本功能 -作主语→例句：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处) -作宾语→例句：He enjoys reading books.(他喜欢读书) -作表语→例句：Her hobby is singing.(她的爱好是唱歌) -作定语→例句：There is a swimming pool in our school.(我们学校有一个游泳池) 2.常见搭配动词 -enjoy,practice,finish,mind,keep,avoid,suggest,consider:I practice speaking English every day.(我每天练习说英语) ·现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(表主动/被动、进行/完成) 1.现在分词（主动、进行） -作定语→例句：The running boy is my brother..(正在跑步的男孩是我的弟弟) -作状语（主动关系）→例句：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(在公园散步时，我遇到了 一位老朋友) -作宾语补足语（主动、进行）→例句：I heard her singing in the room.(我听见她正在房间里唱歌) 2.过去分词（被动、完成） -作定语→例句：The broken window was repaired yesterday.(被打破的窗户昨天修好了) -作状语（被动关系）→例句：Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful..(从山上看，这座城市很 漂亮) -作宾语补足语（被动、完成）→例句：I found the door locked when I got home.(我到家时发现门 锁了) ·非谓语动词的否定形式 -不定式否定：not to do→例句：He told me not to be late.(他告诉我不要迟到) -动名词否定：not doing→例句：I regret not studying hard before.(我后悔以前没有努力学习) -分词否定：not doing/not done→例句：Not knowing what to do,he asked for help.(不知道该做什 么，他寻求帮助) 知识点三：句子成分省略的特殊结构与易错点 ·并列句中的省略（避免重复相同谓语或其他成分） 一基础用法（高考核心）： *保留助动词/情态动词，省略实义动词→例句：She likes singing and I dancing.(完整形式：She likes singing and I like dancing.) *并列句中省略相同主语→例句：He opened the door and(he)walked in.(完整形式：He opened the door and he walked in. *省略重复宾语→例句：I bought a pen and she(bought)a notebook.(完整形式：I bought a pen and she bought a notebook. 一高考易错点： *否定句并列省略not例句：He didn't go to school and she(didn't)either.(完整形式：He didn't go to school and she didn't go to school either. *比较状语从句中省略→例句：She runs faster than I(run).(完整形式：She runs faster than I run.) ·不定式符号to的省略（特殊语境与固定结构） -高频省略场景（高考常老）： *并列不定式中省略第二个to→例句：I want to call him and(to)invite him to the party..(完整形式： I want to call him and to invite him to the party. *感官动词/使役动词后省略to→例句：I saw her(to)enter the room.(注：主动语态省略to,被动 语态需还原to→She was seen to enter the room.) *介词but/except后接不定式时省略to(前有实义动词do)→例句：He did nothing but(to)wait.(前 有did,to可省略；若无did则保留to→He had no choice but to wait.) *why(not)结构中省略to→例句：Why(not)go there by bus'?(完整形式：Why(not)to go there by bus?) ·虚拟语气中的省略(f条件句与情态动词) 一经典省略形式（高考难点）： *if条件句中省略if,将were/had/should提前→例句：Nere I you,I would accept the offer..(完整 形式：If I were you,I would accept the offer..) *省略should的虚拟结构(suggest/order/demand等后的宾语从句)→例句：He suggested that we (should)leave early.(完整形式：He suggested that we should leave early..) *wish/as if从句中省略情态动词过去式（隐含对比）→例句：I wish I(could)ly like a bird.(完整形 式：I wish I could fly like a bird.) ·口语中的非正式省略（日常对话与简洁表达） 一常见缩略形式（高考听力高频）： *省略系动词→例句：You late again!(完整形式：You are late again!) *省略助动词例句：He gone?(完整形式：Has he gone?) *省略主语和谓语→例句：Cold today.(完整形式：It is cold today.) *固定应答省略→例句：一Ready?一Almost.(完整形式：一Are you ready?一I am almost ready.) ·状语从句的完全省略（语境明确时的极致简洁） 一极端省略场景（高考语篇理解）： *时间/条件状语从句省略主语和be动词→例句：When(you are)in trouble,call me.(完整形式： When you are in trouble,call me. *比较状语从句省略大部分成分→例句：He is taller than(he was)last year.(完整形式：He is taller than he was last year. *方式状语从句省略重复部分→例句：Doas(you are)told.(完整形式：Do as you are told.) 必修3|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（人教版） 考法一：句子成分的省略用法辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断句子中省略的成分类型（主语、谓语、宾语、状语或从句成分），并还原完整形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --Where did you go yesterday? --to the park -答案：Went解析：对话中承接上文省略主语l,完整形式为I went to the park。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -When _in the street,I saw a friend. A.walk B.walking C.walked D.to walk -答案：B解析：状语从句中主从句主语一致（均为），省略从句主语I和be动词was,完整形式为 When I was walking in the street. 考法二：非谓语动词与句子成分省略的结合应用 ·核心：在语境中识别非谓语动词作特定成分时的省略现象，或通过成分省略判断非谓语动词形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(walk)in the park,I met an old friend.When_(see)me,he ran over happily. -答案：Walking;seeing解析：第一空为现在分词作状语，逻辑主语I与wak为主动关系，完整形式为 When I was walking;第二空when引导的时间状语从句省略主语he和be动词was,see与逻辑主 语he为主动关系，用现在分词seeing。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -He did nothing but_TV all day.His mother told himwaste time like that. A.watch;not to B.to watch;not to C.watch;don't D.to watch;don't -答案：A解析：第一空考查介词but后不定式符号to的省略，前有实义动词do(did),but后省略to, 用动词原形watch;第二空为不定式的否定形式not to do,作宾语补足语，完整形式为told him not to waste 考法三：非谓语动词与句子成分省略的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词形式，同时识别并补全句子中省略的成分（如主语、谓语、不定式符号 to等) ·真题1（单顶选择）： -When__for the bus,I noticed a man_at the corner. A.waiting;stand B.waited;standing C.waiting;standing D.waited;stand 一答案：C解析：第一空为状语从句省略，主从句主语一致(I),省略主语和be动词，完整形式为When I was waiting.”,用现在分词waiting;第二空为感官动词notice的宾语补足语，”man”与"”stand”是 主动关系且表动作正在进行，用现在分词standing。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The teacher told us_(not be)late again,but some students still came to class without-(say)any- thing. -答案：not to be;saying解析：第一空为不定式否定形式，"tell sb.not to do sth.”,省略to后的实义 动词be;第二空为介词without后接动名词，say的动名词形式为saying,此处无成分省略，完整保 留非谓语动词结构。 必修3」英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修3系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 成分省略妙招 对话省略看上文，主从一致省主be; 非谓作状莫忘记，逻辑主语主动ing; 感官使役接宾补，主动ing表进行； 介词but前有do,to要省略记清楚； tell ask接宾补，否定not加todo; 非谓结合省成分，先看逻辑后定型。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.When-the news,she couldn't help_into tears. A.hearing;to cry B.heard;crying C.hearing;crying D.heard;to cry 2.He suggested that we-early,but we decided_until the next day. A.leave;to wait B.should leave;waiting C.leaving;wait D.left;to waiting 3._in the library,you must keep quiet.If_any noise,you'll be asked to leave. A.When study;make B.Studying;made C.When studying;making D.Study;making 4.My mother told me_too much time playing games and-more attention to my studies. A.not to spend;pay B.don't spend;to pay C.not spend;paying D.not to spend;to pay 5.The girl was seen_the classroom just now,but now she is found_under the tree A.enter;sit B.to enter;sitting C.entering;to sit D.entered;sat 6.He did nothing but_TV all day,which made his father-angry. A.watch;feel B.to watch;to feel C.watching;feeling D.watched;felt 7.-the project on time,we have to work extra hours.If_,we'll be punished. A.Finish;not B.To finish;not C.Finishing;not finishing D.To finish:not finished 8.I regret-you that the meeting has been cancelled.I should have told you earlier instead of_it. A.to tell;hiding B.telling;hide C.to tell;hidden D.telling;hiding 9.When_why he was late,he just kept silent without_a word. A.asking;saying B.asked;saying C.asked;to say D.asking;said 10.The book by Lu Xun is worth_.I suggest _it as soon as possible. A.written;reading;buying B.writing;to read;to buy C.written;to read;buying D.writing;reading;buy 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.-What did you do last night? 2.一_(watch)a movie with my friends.(省略主语l) 3.She told me_(not worry)about her,but I couldn't help_(think)of her safety. 4.When_(walk)along the street,I found a wallet _(lie)on the ground. 5.The teacher suggested that we_(start)the project at once,but some students wanted-(delay)it. 6.He has a habit of_(read)English every morning.It's important(keep)this habit 7.-(not know)how to solve the problem,he asked his teacher for help.The teacher told him-(try)a different m ethod. 8.The room_(clean)yesterday is now used for meetings.We need_(keep)it tidy. 9.-Are you ready for the exam? 10.-Not yet.I need(review)my notes again.If-(not prepare),I'll fail. 11.My parents always encourage me_(follow)my dreams and _(never give)up. 12._(learn)a foreign language well,we must practice_(speak)it every day. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last weekend,I decided_(visit)my grandparents in the countryside.When_(arrive)at their house,I saw my grandpa_(work)in the garden.He was happy_(see)me and stopped_(chat)with me. Grandma prepared a big meal for us.While_(eat),she told me stories about her childhood.I found it interesting _(listen)to her experiences.After lunch,we went for a walk in the fields.(walk)along the path,we saw many colorful flowers.Grandpa taught me how_(identify)different plants,which was a great learning experience. In the evening,I helped grandma_(wash)the dishes.Before leaving,I promised_(come)back soon. It was a wonderful day filled with love and joy. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.A3.C4.A5.B6.A7.D8.A9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.Watched 2.not to worry;thinking 3.walking;lying 4.(should)start;to delay 5.reading;to keep 6.Not knowing;to try 7.cleaned;to keep 8.to review;not prepared 9.to follow;never to give 10.To learn;speaking 演练三：语法填空 1.to visit 2.arriving 3.working 4.to see 5.to chat 6.eating 7.to listen 8.Walking 9.to identify 10.(to)wash 必修3|英语」人教版