必修2 过去分词做各种成分及用法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（人教版） Chapter1过去分词做各种成分及用法 考频分析 过去分词是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(23题)、语法填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句）、书面表达（提升句式多 样性与表达准确性)。在语境理解和语法应用类题目中，过去分词作定语、状语、补足语及表语的用法往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对过去分词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·句法功能辨析：作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语的基本特征与用法区别； ·时态语态关联：与现在完成时、过去完成时的搭配，及被动语态中过去分词的正确使用； ·固定搭配与语境：常考动词短语中过去分词的固定搭配，以及在语境中区分过去分词与现在分词的用法。 精讲精练 知识点一：过去分词做各种成分及用法 ·作定语（修饰名词，表被动或完成） -前置定语：boiled water(开水，表完成)、broken glass(碎玻璃，表被动) -后置定语：The girl named Mary is my classmate..(名叫玛丽的女孩是我的同班同学，表被动)、Ihave a book written by Lu Xun.(我有一本鲁迅写的书，表被动) ·作表语（位于系动词后，表主语状态） -常见搭配：be interested in(对…感兴趣)、get excited(变得兴奋)、feel tired(感到疲倦) -例句：☐She is interested in English.(她对英语感兴趣)口They were excited about the news.(他 们对这个消息感到兴奋) ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语，表被动或状态） -常见动词：have、make、keep、find等 -例句：口I had my hair cut yesterday..(我昨天剪了头发，表被动)口He found the door closed.(他 发现门是关着的，表状态) ·作状语（表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等） 一时间状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市看起来很漂亮，相当于 When it is seen from the hill) -原因状语：Moved by her story,,we all cried.(被她的故事感动，我们都哭了，相当于Because we were moved by her story) -条件状语：Given more time,I can finish the work.(给更多时间，我能完成这项工作，相当于IfI am given more time) -伴随状语：He walked in the room,followed by his dog.(他走进房间，后面跟着他的狗) 【即学即练】 1.【过去分词作定语】The_(break)window was repaired by my father yesterday.. 2.【过去分词作表语】She is_(interest))in playing the piano. 3.【过去分词作宾语补足语】I found the letter_(write)in English. A.write B.wrote C.written D.writing 4.【过去分词作状语】_(see)from the top of the building,our school looks more beautiful. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 5.【过去分词用法辨析】过去分词作定语时，前置定语通常表 或 后置定语多 表 关系。 必修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词之动名词和不定式 ·动名词（作主语、宾语、表语，表抽象或习惯性动作） 1.作主语 一结构：动名词短语+谓语动词（通常用单数） -例句：☐Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)口Reading aloud in the morning helps improve pronunciation.(早上大声朗读有助于提高发音) 2.作宾语 -常见动词：enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practice(练习)、mind(介意)入avoid(避免)、suggest (建议) -例句：口She enjoys listening to music.(她喜欢听音乐)口He suggested going to the park.(他建 议去公园) 3.作表语 -结构：主语+be+动名词 -例句：☐His hobby is collecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮)☐The most important thing is studying hard.(最重要的事情是努力学习) ·不定式（作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语，表具体或一次性动作） 1.作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式后置） -结构：t+be+形容词/名词+(for/of sb.)+to do sth. -例句：口It is important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要)口lt's kind of you to help me.(你 帮助我真是太好了)】 2.作宾语 -常见动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、decide(决定)、try(尝试)、agree(同意) -例句：口They plan to visit Beijing next month.(他们计划下个月参观北京)She decided to study abroad.(她决定出国留学) 3.作表语 -结构：主语+be+to do sth.(表目的、计划或将来) -例句：My goal is to become a doctor.(我的目标是成为一名医生)☐The task is to finish the report on time.(任务是按时完成报告) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表将来或未完成动作） -例句：口I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做)He is the first student to arrive at school..(他是第一个到校的学生) 5.作状语（表目的、结果、原因） -目的状语：He got up early to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶第一班公交车) -结果状语：He was too tired to walk.(他太累了走不动了) -原因状语：I'm glad to see you.(见到你我很高兴) ·不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 1.接不定式和动名词意义不同的动词 -remember to do sth.(记得去做某事，未做)remember doing sth.(记得做过某事，已做) -例句：Remember to tum off the lights..(记得去关灯)口I remember turning off the lights..(我 记得关过灯了) -forget to do sth.(忘记去做某事，未做)/forget doing sth.(忘记做过某事，已做) -例句：口Don't forget to take your umbrella.(别忘了带伞)☐He forgot meeting her before.(他忘 记以前见过她了) -stop to do sth.(停下来去做另一件事)stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事) -例句：口He stopped to talk to me.(他停下来和我说话)口He stopped smoking.(他戒烟了) -try to do sth.(努力做某事)/try doing sth.(尝试做某事) -例句：口I try to learn English every day.(我每天努力学英语)口hy not try eating this cake？(为 什么不试试吃这个蛋糕呢) 2.只能接不定式作宾语的动词：want,hope,plan,decide,wish,refuse,promise 3.只能接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy,finish,practice,mind,avoid,suggest,keep,miss 知识点三：非谓语动词之现在分词及独立主格结构 ·现在分词（作定语、状语、宾语补足语，表主动或进行） 一基础用法及搭配（高考核心）： 1.作定语（修饰名词，表主动或进行） *前置定语：a sleeping child(正在睡觉的孩子，表进行)、falling leaves(落叶，表主动) *后置定语：The girl singing in the room is my sister.(正在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，表主动)、 I know the boy playing basketball..(我认识那个打篮球的男孩，表主动) 2.作状语（表时间、原因、伴随、结果等） *时间状语：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友，相当 When I was walking in the park) *原因状语：Being ill,he didn't go to school..(因为生病，他没去上学，相当于Because he was il) *伴随状语：She sat there,reading a book.(她坐在那里，读着一本书) *结果状语：He ran so fast,reaching the finish line first..(他跑得很快，第一个到达终点线) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语，表主动或进行） *常见动词：see、hear、watch、fnd、keep、have等 *例句：口I saw her dancing in the hall..(我看见她在大厅跳舞，表进行)口Ve kept him waiting for an hour.(我们让他等了一个小时，表持续) ·独立主格结构（非谓语动词特殊形式，高考难点） -构成：名词代词+现在分词/过去分词形容词/副词介词短语（前后逻辑主语不一致） 一用法及例句： 1.名词+现在分词（表主动关系） *The meeting being over,,we went home.(会议结束后，我们回家了，相当于After the meeting was over 2.名词+过去分词（表被动关系） *His homework finished,he began to watch TV.(作业完成后，他开始看电视，相当于After his homework was finished 3.名词+形容词 *The room tidy,she felt happy.(房间整洁，她感到很高兴，相当于Because the room was tidy) 4.名词+副词 *The lights off,we couldn't see anything.(灯关了，我们什么也看不见，相当于Because the lights were off) 5.名词+介词短语 *A book in his hand,he walked into the classroom.(他手里拿着一本书走进了教室) 必修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（人教版） 考法一：过去分词作定语用法辨析 ·核心：区分过去分词作前置定语与后置定语的用法，判断是否表被动或完成意义 ·真题1（语法填空）： The_(break)window was repaired by my father yesterday. -答案：broken解析：此处需用过去分词作前置定语修饰名词window,表被动（窗户被打破），break 的过去分词为broken。. ·真题2（完形填空）： -We need to collect all the books_(write)by Mo Yan for the school library. A.writing B.wrote C.written D.to write -答案：C解析：空格处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词ooks,逻辑上“书被莫言写”表被动，应 用过去分词written,故选C。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动被动）及动作状态（进行完成将来），选择过去 分词、现在分词或不定式作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The students_(involve)in the project are from Grade Three -答案：involved解析：名词students与involve是被动关系（被卷入项目），用过去分词作后置定语表 被动。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I have a lot of things_(do)this weekend A.doing B.to do C.done D.do -答案：B解析：名词things与do是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作尚未发生，用不定式作后置定语表将 来。 考法三：非谓语动词混合辨析与应用 ·核心：结合语境区分过去分词、动名词、不定式及现在分词的用法，判断非谓语动词在句中所作成分及 主动/被动、完成进行等逻辑关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the novel,he found himself_in the beautiful language and decided_more books by the same author. A.Reading;interested;to read B.Read;interesting;reading C.Having read;interested;reading D.To read;interesting;to read 一答案：A解析：第一空需用现在分词作时间状语，"he”与”read”是主动关系，排除B、D;第二空"found oneself+-过去分词”表状态，"interested”修饰人，排除C;第三空"decide”后接不定式作宾语，故选 A。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The girl_(sit)by the window_(enjoy)_(listen)to music.She said she preferred_(listen)to clas- sical music rather than(watch)TV. -答案：sitting;enjoys;listening;to listen;watch解析：第一空现在分词”sitting”作后置定语，表主动进 行；第二空谓语动词用第三人称单数"enjoys'”;第三空"enjoy'”后接动名词"listening”;第四空"prefer to do..rather than do.”结构中，前接不定式"to listen”,后接动词原形”watch”。 必修2|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修2系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The_(break)window was repaired by my father yesterday. A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 2.We need to collect all the books_(write)by Mo Yan for the school library. A.writing B.wrote C.written D.to write 3.The students _(involve)in the project are from Grade Three. A.involving B.involved C.involve D.to involve 4.I have a lot of things_(do)this weekend. A.doing B.to do C.done D.do 5.the novel,he found himself__in the beautiful language. A.Reading;interested B.Read;interesting C.Having read;interesting D.To read:interested 6.She enjoys_music in her free time. A.listen B.to listen C.listening D.listened 7.Remember_the lights before leaving the room. A.turn off B.to turn off C.turning off D.turned off 8.He stopped_when the teacher came in. A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked 9.The girlby the window is my sister. A.sit B.sitting C.sat D.to sit 10.Given more time,Ithe work better. A.finish B.will finish C.finished D.had finished 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The_(fall)leaves covered the whole ground in autumn. 2.I want_(buy)a new dictionary for my English study. 3.She is interested in_(play)the piano. 4.The meeting_(hold)yesterday was very important. 5.He has a lot of homework_(do)tonight. 6.-(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks amazing. 7.My brother suggested_(go)to the beach this weekend. 8.I forgot_(tell)her the news,so she knew nothing about it. 9.The room_(clean)by my mother every day is very tidy. 10.He walked into the classroom,_(follow)by his classmates. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last Sunday,I decided 1.-(visit)the city museum with my friends.On the way,we saw an old man 2. (sell)handmade toys by the road.His toys,all 3.(make)of wood,looked very lovely.We stopped 4. (buy)some and talked with him.He told us he had been 5.-(make)toys for over 40 years. When we arrived at the museum,we met a guide 6.-(dress)in traditional clothes.She led us to an exhibition of paintings 7.-(create)by local artists.One painting,8.(show)the city's history,caught my attention.I spent a long time 9.-(look)at it and imagined what life was like in the past. Before leaving,I bought a book 10.-(introduce)the museum's collection.It was a great day full of interesting experiences. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.C7.B8.C9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.fallen 2.to buy 3.playing 4.held 5.to do 6.Seen 7.going 8.to tell 9.cleaned 10.followed 演练三：语法填空 1.to visit 2.selling 3.made 4.to buy 5.making 6.dressed 7.created 8.showing 9.looking 10.introducing 必修2|英语引人教版