必修2 一现一过及情态动词的被动语态-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） Chapter1一现、一过及情态动词的被动语态 考频分析 一现、一过及情态动词的被动语态是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在 试卷核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（重点考察，直接 影响句子结构的规范性与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，一现、一过及情态动词的被动语态的构 成与用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对一现、一过及情态动词的被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·结构构成：一般现在时被动语态(am/is/are+过去分词)、一般过去时被动语态(was/were+过去分词)、 情态动词被动语态（情态动词+be+过去分词）的正确形式； ·语境辨析：根据时间标志词（如often,.yesterday等）及上下文语境判断适用的被动语态时态； ·句式转换：主动语态与三种被动语态在陈述句、疑问句中的相互转换规则。 精讲精练 知识点一：一现、一过及情态动词的被动语态 ·一般现在时的被动语态 -构成：am/is/are+过去分词 一用法：表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作或客观事实 -例句：口English is spoken by many people.(客观事实)口The classroom is cleaned every day.(习 惯性动作) ·一般过去时的被动语态 -构成：was/were+过去分词 一用法：表示过去某时间发生的被动动作 -例句：口The letter was written by Tom yesterday..(过去具体时间)口These books were bought last week.(过去时间段) ·情态动词的被动语态 -构成：情态动词(can/may/must/should等)+be+过去分词 一用法：表示“能够何能必须应该被…” -例句：口This work must be finished today.(必须被完成)口The problem can be solved easily.(能 够被解决) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动语态】The classroom_ (clean)every day.请填写正确形式： 2.【一般过去时被动语态】"The letter was written by Tom”的主动语态是： A.Tom wrote the letter. B.Tom write the letter. C.Tom is writing the letter. D.Tom was writing the letter. 3.【情态动词被动语态】This task (finish)today.(用must的被动形式填空)： 4.【被动语态结构辨析】下列哪个选项是一般现在时被动语态的正确结构？ A.am/is/are+现在分词 B.am/is/are+过去分词 C.was/were+过去分词 D.will be+过去分词 5.【语境辨析】根据时间标志词”yesterday”,应选择哪种被动语态？ A.一般现在时被动 B.一般过去时被动 C.情态动词被动 D.现在进行时被动 高中|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划，未发生） 1.时间标志词 -tomorrow(明天)、next week/m onth/year(下周/月年)、in the future(在未来)、soon(很快)、 in+时间段（如in three days三天后） 2.主动语态 -结构：口主语+wil+动词原形口主语+am/is/are going to-+动词原形 一例句： -口We will hold a sports meeting next month.(will+原形hold) -口She is going to study abroad next year..(三单主语，用is going to+原形study) 3.被动语态 -结构：口主语+will be+动词过去分词口主语+amis/are going to be+动词过去分词 一例句： -☐A sports meeting will be held by us next month.(will be+hold的过去分词held) -口Abroad study is going to be studied by her next year.(主语不可数，用is going to be+study的 过去分词studied) ·现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作现阶段进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look！(看！句首提示)、listen！(听！句首提示)、these days (这些天，表现阶段) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing)(主语为l用am,三单/单数主语用is,复数主语 用are) -例句： -口They are playing football on the playground now.(复数主语，用are+playing) -He is writing a novel these days.(三单主语，用is+writing) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词(being体现“进行”，过去分词体现“被动") 一例句： -口Football is being played by them on the playground now.(主语单数，用is being+play的过去 分词played) -口A novel is being written by him these days.(主语单数，用is being+write的过去分词written) ·过去进行时（过去某个时刻时间段正在发生的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at9o'clock last night(昨晚9点)、this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、when+一般过去时句子 (如When she came in) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(单数三单主语用was,复数主语用were) 一例句： -口I was reading a book at8p.m.yesterday..(第-人称，用was+reading) -口They were having a party when the storm came.(复数主语，用were+having;came为一般过 去时) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+-being+动词过去分词(was/were体现“过去”，being体现“进行") 一例句： -口A book was being read by me at8p.m.yesterday.(主语单数，用was being+read的过去分词 read) -口A party was being had by them when the storm came.(主语单数，用was being+have的过去 分词had) ·现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在） 1.时间标志词 -already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for5 years五年）、since-+ 过去时间点（如since2018自从2018年）、so far(到目前为止) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+have/has-+动词过去分词（复数/第一、二人称用have,三单/单数主语用has) -例句： -口Ne have lived in this city for10 years.(复数主语，用have+lived) -口She has finished her homework already..(三单主语，用has+-finished) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been-+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“完成”，过去分词体现“被动”) 一例句： -口This city has been lived in by us for1 0 years..(主语单数，用has been+-lived的过去分词lived; live为不及物动词+in) -口Her homework has been finished by her already..(主语不可数，用has been-+finished的过去分 词finished) ·过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，即“过去的过去”） 1.时间标志词 -by+过去时间点（如by2020到2020年为止）、before+一般过去时句子（如before he went)、 when+一般过去时句子（如/hen I arrived) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) 一例句： -口He had left the office before I called him.(had+leave的过去分词Ilet;called为一般过去时) -口They had learned1o00 words by the end of last term.(had+learn的过去分词learned) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+had been+-动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成”，过去分词体现“被动”) -例句： -☐The office had been left by him before I called him.(had been+leave的过去分词let) -☐1o00 words had been learned by them by the end of last term.(had been+learn的过去分词 learned) 知识点三：被动语态的特殊结构与易错点 ·主动表被动的常见情况 一基础用法（高中核心）： *口感官动词(look/sound/smell/taste/feel)+adj.→例句：The flower smells sweet.(花闻起来香， 主动形式表被动意义) *·系动词(keep/stay/remain/prove)+adj.→例句：The room remains clean.(房间保持干净，无 被动形式)》 *口不及物动词(happen/take place/occur)无被动→例句：An accident happened yesterday.(事 故昨天发生了，无被动语态) *口动词短语(break out/come true/belong to)无被动→例句：The dream has come true.(梦想实 现了，无被动形式) ·被动语态的省略与转换 一句式转换（高考常考）： *口主动句含双宾语→被动句保留一个宾语： *主动：Tom gave me a book.→被动1：I was given a book by Tom.(保留间接宾语me) *→被动2：A book was given to me by Tom.(保留直接宾语a book,加介词to) *口主动句含复合宾语（宾语+宾补）→被动句宾补变主补： *主动：e call her Lucy..→被动：She is called Lucy by us.(宾补Lucy变主补) *口被动语态的省略： *例句：The work must be finished(byus)today.(by短语可省略，强调动作本身) ·被动语态与系表结构的区别 一易混点辨析（高考易错）： *口被动语态（强调动作）：The window was broken by Tom.(窗户被汤姆打破了，表动作) *口系表结构(be+adj.,强调状态)：The window is broken.(窗户是破的，表状态) *例句对比： *-The door was closed by Mary.(被动语态，玛丽关了门，强调动作) *-The door is closed now.(系表结构，门现在是关着的，强调状态) ·情态动词被动语态的否定与疑问 -句式变化（高中基础）： *O否定式：情态动词+not+be+过去分词→例句：This task needn't be finished today..(这项任务 不必今天完成) *口疑问式：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词→例句：Can this problem be solved?(这个问题能被 解决吗) *口特殊疑问：疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+过去分词→例句：How should the work be done? (这项工作应该怎么做？) ·高中易错点辨析 1.主动表被动的误用： -An accident was happened yesterday.→An accident happened yesterday.(happen为不及物 动词，无被动语态) -The flower is smelt sweet.→The flower smells sweet..(感官动词主动表被动) 2.被动语态与系表结构的混淆： -The window is broken by Tom:→The window was broken by Tom.(强调动作，用一般过去时 被动) -The door was closed now.→The door is closed now.(强调状态，用系表结构) 3.情态动词被动语态结构错误： -This work must finished today.→This work must be finished today.(情态动词被动需加be) -Can this problem solved?→Can this problem be solved?(疑问式需加be) 4.时态与被动语态结合错误： -They are playing football on the playground now.()Football is being played by them on the playground now.(现在进行时被动需用being) -A book was read by me at-&p.m.yesterday.(过去进行t时)→A book was being read by me at8p.m.yesterday..(过去进行时被动需用being) 高中|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 考法一：被动语态结构识别 ·核心：根据时态特征和被动语态构成规则，判断并选择正确的被动语态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -A new library _(build)in our school next year. -答案：will be built解析：由时间标志词“next year”可知用一般将来时，被动语态结构为“will be+ 过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Many trees_by the students in the park these days. A.plant B.are planting C.are being planted D.will be planted -答案：C解析：由时间标志词“these days”可知用现在进行时，被动语态结构为“amis/are being+ 过去分词”，主语“trees”为复数，be动词用are,plant的过去分词为planted。 考法二：被动语态与时态结合 ·核心：根据时间标志词或上下文语境，判断动作发生的时间和被动关系，匹配正确时态的被动语态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -A new library_(build)in our school last year.It is very beautiful now. -答案：was built解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态； 主语为单数，be动词用was,build的过去分词为built。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Many trees _in the park every spring A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted -答案：C解析：由时间标志词“every spring?”可知，动作是经常性、习惯性的，用一般现在时的被动 语态；主语为复数，be动词用are,plant的过去分词为planted。 考法三：被动语态综合运用与特殊结构辨析 ·核心：结合时态标志词判断被动语态形式，区分主动表被动的特殊情况及被动与系表结构的差异 ·真题1（单项选择）： The meeting-because of the heavy rain.Many people are still waiting outside now. A.hasn't held B.wasn't held C.isn't being held D.won't be held -答案：C解析：主语“the meeting”是动作“hold”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“now” 及“sti训waiting”可知，会议此刻正在被推迟，用现在进行时被动语态，结构为“amis/are being+过 去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用is,hold的过去分词为held。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The old house(build)in 1950 and it_(look)beautiful even today. -答案：was built looks解析：第一空主语“the old house”是动作“build”的承受者，由时间标志词 “in1950”可知用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“was+过去分词”，build的过去分词为buit;第二 空感官动词ook表“看起来”，主动形式表被动意义，主语为单数，用looks。. 高中|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“will be”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.Our classroom__every day to keep it clean. A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaned D.was cleaned 2.A new bridge_over the river by the end of next year. A.will build B.will be built C.is built D.was built 3.Listen!The song_by a famous singer in the hall now. A.is singing B.sings C.is being sung D.sang 4.By the time we arrived,the meeting-already. A.has been held B.had been held C.was held D.will be held 5.Many trees__in the park since last spring. A.have planted B.are planted C.have been planted D.were planted 6.This problem_easily if we work together. A.can solve B.can be solved C.solves D.solved 7.The accident _because of the bad weather yesterday. A.happened B.was happened C.happens D.is happened 8.The door_now.You can't go inside. A.closes B.is closed C.is closing D.closed 9.These books_to the library next Monday,or you will be fined. A.must return B.must be returned C.returned D.are returning 10.The cake_delicious.Who made it? A.tastes B.is tasted C.tasted D.was tasted 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.English_(speak)by millions of people around the world. 2.The letter(write)by my brother yesterday afternoon.