必修2 限定性定语从句that和which的区别-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 必修2限定性定语从句hat和which的区别 考频分析 限定性定语从句that和which的区别是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分 布在核心题型：单项选择1题、语法填空1题、阅读理解（间接考察，影响长难句理解）。在语法应用类 题目中，关系代词的指代对象、先行词是否为物以及是否存在特殊情况（如先行词被最高级或序数词修饰 等)往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对限定性定语从句hat和which的区别考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖语法规则与语境应用： ·指代对象差异：that可指代人或物，which仅指代物； ·特殊情况限制：先行词为不定代词（如all,nothing)、序数词、最高级或被only,any等修饰时，只能用 that; ·功能用法辨析：which可用于介词后引导定语从句，that不可；两者在从句中均作主语或宾语，that作 宾语时可省略。 精讲精练 知识点一：限定性定语从句中that和which的区别 ·1.只能用that的情况 -先行词为不定代词(a,everything,nothing,something等)→例句：He told me everything that he knew.(先行词everything为不定代词) -先行词被序数词、最高级修饰→例句：This is the first book that I bought in this store.(先行词被序 数词first修饰) -先行词既有人又有物→例句：I still remember the people and places that we visited last year.(先行 词包含people和places) -先行词被the only,,the very等修饰→例句：This is the only pen that works well..(先行词被the only 修饰) ·2.只能用which的情况 一引导非限定性定语从句（但本题限定为限定性，此处仅作对比提示） -介词提前时（介词+关系代词结构）→例句：This is the room in which I lived last year..(介词in提 前，不可用that) ·3.两者皆可用的情况 -先行词为物，且无上述特殊限制→例句：The book which/that lies on the desk is mine.(先行词book 为物，无特殊修饰) 【即学即练】 1.【只能用tht的情况】先行词为不定代词时，定语从句的关系代词应选？ A.which B.that C.who D.whom 2.【只能用which的情况】介词提前时，关系代词应选？ A.that B.which C.who D.whose 3.【两者皆可用】请填空：The pen_.I bought yesterday is red.(可用that/which) 4.【特殊修饰】This is the best film_I have ever seen.应填？ A.which B.that C.what D.who 5.【介词提前】请填空：This is the house in_I was born. 高中|英语」人教版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：限定性定语从句that和which的区别 ·1.先行词前有特定数量限定词时的选择 -先行词被any,some,no,few,little,many,much等不定代词修饰时，通常用that→例句：I have read some books that are about history.(先行词books被some修饰) -先行词被the same,the last等修饰时，用that→例句：This is the same bike that I lost last week. (先行词bike被the same修饰) ·2.在疑问句式中的使用 -当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that以避免重复→例句：/ho is the girl that is talking with Tom?(主句以who开头，从句用that) -Which is the pen that you bought yesterday？(主句以which开头，从句用that) ·3.关系代词在从句中作表语时 -关系代词在从句中作表语时，只能用hat,且通常可以省略→例句：He is not the man(that)he was ten years ago.(that在从句中作表语，指代the man) -My hometown is no longer the place(that)it used to be.(that在从句中作表语，指代the place) ·4.先行词为物且指人的能力、品质等抽象概念时 -当先行词为物，但表示人的能力、品质、性格等抽象概念时，常用that→例句：She has a quality that makes her very popular..(先行词quality指品质，用that) -He showed a courage that surprised everyone.(先行词courage指勇气，用that) 知识点三：限定性定语从句that和which的区别 ·1.先行词为集体名词时的选择 -先行词为people,family,.class等集体名词，强调整体时用that→例句：The family that lives next door is very friendly.(强调整个家庭) -先行词为集体名词，强调个体成员时可用which/that→例句：The class that/hich is made up of30 students won the prize.(强调班级整体，用that;强调班级组成，可用which) ·2.关系代词指代不可数名词时 -先行词为不可数名词（如water,information等）且无特殊修饰时，用that→例句：I need the information that you mentioned yesterday..(先行词information为不可数名词) 一先行词为不可数名词被all,much等修饰时，必须用that→例句：She told me all the news that she heard.(先行词news被al修饰) ·3.☐语中的简化规则 -在非正式☐语中，先行词为物且关系代词作宾语时，that常省略(which也可省略，但that更常用)→ 例句：The book(that)I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(that作宾语省略) -先行词为物且关系代词在从句中作主语时，that不可省略→例句：The car that is parked outside belongs to my uncle.(that作主语不可省略) ·4.先行词为时间/地点名词但不表时间/地点概念时 一先行词为time/place等，但表示具体事物而非时间/地点概念时，用that→例句：This is the time that I spent on my project.(time表“时间量”，用that) -He found a place that could hold1o0 people.(place表“空i间”，用that) 高中|英语|人教版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 考法一：限定性定语从句中that和which的洗用（先行词为不定代词时） ·核心：先行词为al,everything,nothing,something等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that引导 ·真题1（语法填空）： She told me everything-happened yesterday. 一答案：that解析：先行词everything为不定代词，根据知识点一第1点，限定性定语从句中先行词为 不定代词时只能用that引导。 ·真题2（完形填空）： Is there anything_I can do for you? A.which B.that C.who D.whom -答案：B解析：先行词anything为不定代词，根据知识点一第1点，限定性定语从句中先行词为不定 代词时只能用that引导，故选B。 考法二：限定性定语从句中that与which的综合选择 ·核心：结合先行词的修饰语特征（如不定代词、序数词、特定数量限定词等）和句子结构（如疑问句式、 从句成分)，判断关系代词that或which的正确使用 ·真题1（语法填空）： She told me all the stories_she heard about the ancient city. 一答案：that解析：先行词stories被不定代词al修饰，根据知识点一，先行词被a等不定代词修饰时 只能用that;同时结合知识点三，先行词被al修饰的不可数名词（此处stories为可数名词复数，但 规则一致)必须用that,故填that。 ·真题2（完形填空）： Which is the book__you borrowed from the library last week? A.which B.that C.who D.whose -答案：B解析：主句以which开头，根据知识点二，当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从 句用that以避免重复，故答案为B。 考法三：限定性定语从句中that与which的综合辨析 ·核心：结合先行词的修饰词、句子结构及语法功能，综合判断限定性定语从句中关系代词that与which 的正确使用 ·真题1（单项选择）： -All the information_you need to solve this problem is in the textbook.Don't forget to check the same pages_we marked last week. A.which that B.that which C.that that D.which which -答案：C解析：第一空先行词information为不可数名词，根据知识点三第2点，需用that;第二空先 行词pages被the same修饰，根据知识点二第1点，需用that。 ·真题2（语法填空）： He is no longer the student_he used to be.The qualities-make him popular come from his hard work. -答案：that that解析：第一空关系代词在从句中作表语，根据知识点二第3点，只能用that;第二空 先行词qualities表示抽象概念，根据知识点二第4点，需用that。 高中|英语|人教版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 that which选用妙招 不定代词作先行，定从只能用that; 先行词被al限，that引导是关键； 主句疑问which开头，定从that避免重复； the same修饰先行词，关系代词用that; 从句表语或抽象概念，that使用最规范。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She has finished reading all the books__were recommended by her teacher. A.which B.that C.who D.whose 2.This is the most interesting story_I have ever heard. A.which B.what C.that D.who 3.The scientist and his achievements__we talked about are well-known. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 4.Is there any question_troubles you a lot? A.which B.that C.what D.who 5.Who is the girl_is standing at the school gate? A.which B.that C.whom D.whose 6.He showed the same courage_his father did in the war. A.which B.what C.that D.as 7.The city is no longer the place_it used to be ten years ago. A.which B.what C.that D.where 8.I need the information__you mentioned in the meeting yesterday. A.which B.that C.what D.who 9.The class_won the first prize in the competition is ours. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 10.This is the pen_I bought for my brother on his birthday. A.which B.that C.what D.when 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We should help those_are in trouble. 2.The first thing_he did was to call his parents. 3.This is the only dictionary_can help you with your English study. 4.She told me something-happened in her childhood. 5.Which is the book_you want to borrow from the library? 6.He is not the man_he was five years ago 7.I have read all the novels-were written by this author. 8.The house _we visited last week belongs to my uncle. 9.She has a good habit_makes her successful. 10.The news_he told us yesterday is not true. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） My name is Li Ming,and I want to share a story about a special experience.Last summer,I joined a volunteer program in a small village.The first day there,I met an old man 1.-had lived in the village for over 60 years.He told me everything 2.-he knew about the village's history.One of the most touching stories 3.-he shared was about a teacher 4.-came to the village in the 1980s.The teacher built a school with the little money 5.-she had saved.All the students 6.studied there still remember her. The village has changed a lot,but the spirit 7.-the teacher left behind remains.I also visited the old school 8._is now a museum.There,I saw the first blackboard 9.-the teacher used.It was covered with words 10._encouraged generations of students to pursue their dreams. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.B5.B6.C7.C8.B9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.who 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.which/that 9.that 10.that 演练三：语法填空 1.who 2.that 3.that 4.who 5.that 6.who 7.that 8.which/that 9.that 10.that 高中|英语|人教版|必修2