必修2 现在完成时被动语态-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） Chapter1现在完成时被动语态 考频分析 现在完成时被动语态是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型： 单项选择1-2题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1-2题、短文改错1-2题。在语境理解类题目中，现在完成 时被动语态的构成、用法及与其他时态语态的区别往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对现在完成时被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·结构构成：助动词have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词，第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have; ·用法辨析：表示过去发生并持续到现在的被动动作、过去动作对现在造成的被动影响、以及含有不确定 时间状语的被动情况； ·语境应用：在阅读填空和语法填空中根据上下文提示补全结构，在书面表达中用于描述已被完成的事项 或经历的被动状态。 精讲精练 知识点一：现在完成时被动语态的构成及用法 ·1.基本构成 -肯定句：主语+have/has+been+过去分词 -否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+过去分词 -疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词？ -例句：☐The bridge has been built for 10 years.(肯定句)口The homework hasn't been finished yet, (否定句)Has the letter been sent to your parents？(疑i问句) ·2.核心用法 一强调动作对现在的影响或结果（动作已完成） -→例句：My bike has been repaired,so I can ride it now.(修自行车的动作已完成，现在可以骑了) 一表示动作从过去持续到现在（常与for/since连用） -→例句：This novel has been translated into10 languages since2010.(翻译动作从2010年持续到 现在) ·3.常见标志词 -时间状语：already(已)、yet(还)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、recently(最近)、for+时间段、 since+时间点 -例句：口The environment has been improved recently..(recently强调近期结果)He has never been invited to the party.(never强调从未发生) ·4.主动语态变被动语态 -规则：将主动句宾语变为主语，谓语动词改为"nave/has been+过去分词”，原主语可省略或用by引 出 -→主动句：They have completed the project. -→被动句：The project has been completed(by them). 【即学即练】 1.【基本构成】将句子"They have cleaned the classroom.”改为否定句： 2.【核心用法】选择合适的时态填空：The park_(build)since2018.(用现在完成时被动语态) 3.【标志词辨析】下列哪个时间状语不用于现在完成时被动语态？ A.since 2020 B.yesterday C.recently D.so far 4.【主动变被动】将句子"Ve have finished the work.”改为被动句： 5.【核心用法】现在完成时被动语态中，与for/since连用表示 与already/yet连用表 示 高中|英语|人教版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：现在完成时被动语态的易错点与特殊用法 ·1.不及物动词的被动转换（需补充介词） -口核心规则 -不及物动词（如happen,appear,die,arrive等）无被动语态，但部分不及物动词+介词构成的短语 动词（如look after,take care of,,listen to)可视为及物动词短语，可用于被动语态 一口例句对比 -→错误：The accident has been happened.(happen为不及物动词，无被动) -→正确：Great changes have been taken place.(错误，take place为不及物动词短语，无被动) -→正t确：The children have been looked after by their aunt.(look after为及物动词短语，可被动) ·2.主谓一致易错点 -·规则说明 -被动语态中，助动词have/has的选择由被动句的主语单复数决定，而非原主动句主语 -口例句对比 -→错误：Three books has been bought by me.(主语three books为复数，助动词应用have) -→正确：Three books have been bought by me. -→正确：A new computer has been sent to the office.(主语a new computer为单数，用has) ·3.与一般过去时被动语态的区别 时态 核心含义 时间标志词差异 一口核心差异 现在完成时被动 过去动作对现在有影响持续到现在 for/since,already,yet,so far 般过去时被动 仅表示过去发生的动作，与现在无关 yesterday,last week,in 2020 一口例句对比 -→现在完成时被动：The window has been broken..(窗户现在仍是破的，强调对现在的影响) -→一般过去时被动：The window was broken yesterday.(仅说明昨天窗户被打破，现在是否修好未 知) ·4.否定转移与疑问句用法 一·否定句结构 -在包含think/believe/suppose等动词的主从复合句中，否定需转移至主句，被动句结构不变 -→主动句：Idon't think they have finished the work -→被动句：Idon't think the work has been finished(by them). 一口疑问句答语缩写 -肯定回答用"Yes,主语+have/has”,否定回答用"No,主语+haven't/hasn't” -→问句：Has the report been submitted? -→肯定答语：Yes,it has. -→否定答语：No,it hasn't. 知识点三：现在完成时被动语态的语境应用与提升练习 ·1.写作场景应用（书面表达必备） -口新闻报道类（强调事件影响） -→例句：A new library has been built in our school,providing more resources for students. -→仿写提示：结合"recently/so far'”描述社区学校新变化，如：A new park has been opened near my home recently. -口科技发展类（体现持续成果） -→例句：This technology has been used in many hospitals to save lives since2020. -→仿写提示：用"for+时间段”说明科技应用时长，如：Solar energy has been widely used for15 years. ·2.阅读理解高频句式（长难句分析） 一口含时间状语从句的被动结构 -→原句：Since the new policy was carried out,more than500 jobs have been created, -→结构拆解：sice引导时间状语从句（一般过去时）+主句（现在完成时被动），强调政策实施后的 结果 一口含定语从句的被动结构 -→原句：The books which have been recommended by teachers are popular among students. -→结构拆解：定语从句（现在完成时被动）修饰先行词the books,说明书籍特征 ·3.语法填空专项训练（高考模拟） 一口动词时态语态转换 -→题目：The project_(com plete)by the end of this month,so we are working hard. -→答案：will have been completed(提示：by the end of+将来时间→将来完成时被动) 一口介词补充与被动结合 -→题目：Great attention has been paid_environmental protection in recent years. -→答案：to(提示：pay attention to为固定短语，被动结构中保留介词to) ·4.改错典型案例（高考真题改编） -口主谓一致错误 -→错误：Three new schools has been built in our city since2018. -→改正：has-have(提示：主语three new schools为复数，助动词用have) 一口不及物动词误用 -→错误：Many changes have been taken place in my hometown. -→改正：去掉been(提示：take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态) 高中|英语|人教版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 考法一：被动语态转换 ·核心：将主动句转换为现在完成时被动句，注意主谓一致及原主语的处理 ·真题1（句型转换）： -They have translated the novel into three languages.(改为被动句) 一答案：The novel has been translated into three languages by them解析：主动句宾语the novel变被 动句主语，助动词用has(主语单数)，translated为过去分词，原主语they用by引出 ·真题2（语法填空）： -A new bridge_(build)over the river since last year.Now it is still under construction. -答案：has been built解析：主语A new bridge为单数，助动词用has;build与bridge为被动关系， 用been built;since last year为现在完成时标志词 考法二：不及物动词被动判断 ·核心：识别不及物动词短语，判断是否可用于现在完成时被动语态 ·真题1（单句改错）： Many accidents have been happened on this road recently. -答案：删除been解析：happen为不及物动词，无被动语态，应去掉been ·真题2（单项选择）： Great changes_in our city since 2010. A.have been taken place B.have taken place C.have been happened D.were happened -答案：B解析：take place和happen均为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，排除A、C、D;since2010 提示用现在完成时，故选B。 考法三：主谓一致应用 ·核心：根据被动句主语的单复数确定助动词have/has的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Three primary schools_(build)in our district since 2018. -答案：have been built解析：主语Three primary schools为复数，助动词用have;build与schools 为被动关系，用been built ·真题2（单项选择）： A lot of trees-by volunteers in the park so far. A.has been planted B.have planted C.have been planted D.were planted -答案：C解析：主语A lot of trees为复数，助动词用have,排除A;trees与plant为被动关系，用 been planted,排除B;so far提示用现在完成时，排除D,故选C。 考法四：时态对比辨析 ·核心：区分现在完成时被动语态与一般过去时被动语态的用法差异 ·真题1（单句改错）： The old temple was rebuilt since 2015 and now it looks brand-new. -答案：was-has been解析：since2015表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时被动语态，助 动词用has(主语单数) ·真题2（单项选择）： --Why is the classroom so clean? --Because it-just_by the students. A.has;cleaned B.was;cleaned C.has;been cleaned D.will;be cleaned -答案：C解析：just为现在完成时标志词，排除B、D;it(classroom)与clean为被动关系，用been cleaned,排除A,故选C。 考法五：短语动词被动转换 ·核心：掌握”动词+介词”短语的现在完成时被动语态转换，注意保留介词 ·真题1（句型转换）： -The teacher has looked after the children very well.(改为被动句) -答案：The children have been looked after very well by the teacher解析：主动句宾语the children 变主语，look after为及物动词短语，被动语态中保留介词ater,助动词用have(主语复数)】 ·真题2（语法填空）： The old man-(take care of)by his son since his wife passed away. -答案：has been taken care of解析：take care of为及物动词短语，被动语态保留介词of;主语The old man为单数，助动词用has;since引导的时间状语提示用现在完成时被动语态 高中|英语|人教版|必修2 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 现在完成被动妙招 完成时态看标志，since so far已常见； 被动转换找宾语，原主放by后不改变； 主谓一致看主语，单三has复have连； 不及物动无被动，happen take place牢记全； 短语动词要注意，介词不可轻易删； 完成被动结构清，have has been加done; 时态对比辨差异，since just常相伴。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.More than 500 jobs _since the new policy was carried out last year A.have created B.have been created C.were created D.are created 2.The environment_a lot recently because of people's efforts. A.has improved B.improved C.has been improved D.was improved 3.Great changesin my hometown,but many old buildings are still there. A.have taken place B.have been taken place C.took place D.were taken place 4.The children_by their grandparents since their parents went abroad. A.have looked after B.have been looked after C.are looked after D.were looked after 5.A new bridge_over the river for three years,and it makes travel easier. A.has built B.was built C.has been built D.is built 6.-Why can't you enter the room? 7.-Because the door _locked since yesterday. A.has been B.was C.is D.will be 8.Three books_by the writer so far,and all of them are bestsellers. A.has been written B.have written C.have been written D.were written 9.The accident last night,but no one was hurt. A.has happened B.happened C.has been happened D.was happened 10.The project_by the end of last month,so we are planning a celebration. A.has completed B.was completed C.has been completed D.will be completed 11.The old man _in the hospital for a week,and he is getting better now. A.has been taken care of B.has taken care of C.was taken care of D.took care of