必修1 限定性定语从句-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） Chapter1限定性定语从句 考频分析 限定性定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择（1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效 率)。在语法填空和阅读理解题目中，关系代词和关系副词的选择以及从句的完整性往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对限定性定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·l导词选择：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)和关系副词(when、where、.why)的指 代对象与句法功能辨析； ·主谓一致：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词与先行词的单复数匹配规则； ·特殊用法：只用that不用which的情况（如先行词为不定代词、最高级修饰词等），以及“介词+关系 代词”结构中介词的选择依据。 精讲精练 知识点一：限定性定语从句的构成及用法 ·定义（修饰先行词，不可省略） 一作用：限定先行词的范围，若省略会改变句子基本意义 -例句：口The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(限定"穿红裙子的女孩”，非泛指)口This is the book that I bought yesterday.(限定"昨天买的书”，明确具体事物) ·关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语） -指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定语)→例句：☐The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.(who作主语)☐The boy whom you met yesterday is my cousin.(whom作宾语)口I know the girl whose father is a doctor..(whose作定语) -指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾)→例句：口The house which stands on the hill is very old.(which 作主语)口This is the pen that I lost last week.(that作宾语，可省略) ·关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） -表时i间：when(=介词+which)→例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school, (=on which -表地点：where(=介词+which)→例句：This is the factory where my father works.(=in which) -表原因：why(=for which,仅修饰reason)→例句：Do you know the reason why he was late?(=for which ·特殊用法(that的优先使用情况) 一先行词为不定代词(all/nothing/.something等)→例句：Is there anything that I can do for you? -先行词被序数词/最高级修饰→例句：This is the first book that I have read this month -先行词既指人又指物→例句：We talked about the teachers and schools that we had visited. 【即学即练】 1.【关系代词选择】The boy_is standing at the door is my brother.. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 2.【关系副词选择】This is the park-we had a picnic last Sunday. A.that B.where C.which D.who 3.【that的特殊用法】This is the most interesting story_I have ever read. A.which B.what C.that D.who 4.【介词+关系代词】The man_she talked just now is my uncle. A.with whom B.who C.with who D.that 5.【关系代词省略】判断句子正误：The book I bought yesterday is very interesting.(正确填V,错误填 ×) 必修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：限定性定语从句的常见错误及解题技巧 ·关系代词与关系副词的误用（根据从句成分判断） 1.错误类型：缺主语/宾语时误用关系副词 -例句：This is the place where we visited last year.(错误，visited缺宾语，应用which/that)This is the place which we visited last year.(正t确，which作Visited宾语) 2.错误类型：缺状语时误用关系代词 -例句：I still remember the day which I joined the club.(错误，day在从句中作时间状语，应用 when)I still remember the day when I joined the club.(正确，when作时间状语) 3.解题技巧：分析从句是否完整（主谓宾主系表齐全用关系副词，缺成分用关系代词） ·关系代词的省略误区（只有宾语可省略） 1.不可省略情况：关系代词作主语 -例句：The girl who is singing is my friend.(who作主语，不可省略) 2.可省略情况：关系代词作动词介词宾语（介词提前时不可省） -例句：This is the book(that)I bought yesterday..(that作bought宾语，可省略)This is the book for which I paid50yuan.(介词for提前，which不可省略) 3.典型错误：误省略作主语的关系代词 -例句：The boy is running on the playground is my brother..(错误，缺主语who/that)The boy who is running on the playground is my brother.( ·”介词+关系代词”结构的用法（介词选择依据） 1.介词与先行词搭配：the house in which he lives((live in the house) 2.介词与从句动词搭配：the man with whom she talked(talk with the man) 3.介词与形容词搭配：the reason for which he was late(late for the reason) 4.典型错误：介词位置错误 -例句：This is the pen which I wrote with it..(错误，多宾语it)This is the pen with which I wrote. (正确，或This is the pen which I wrote with.) ·that与which的混淆(that禁用情况) 1.非限制性定语从句（逗号后）禁用that -例句：She bought a new dress,which is very beautiful..(正t确，逗号后用which) 2.介词后禁用that -例句：The room in that he works is small.(错误，介词后用which)The room in which he works is small.(正确) 3.解题技巧：出现逗号或介词提前时，优先选which而非that ·先行词为时间/地点/原因时的特殊处理（不都用when/where/why) 1.先行词为time/moment,从句缺宾语用that/which -例句：I''ll never forget the time(that)we spent together..(spent缺宾语，不用when) 2.先行词为place,从句缺宾语用that/which -例句：This is the place(which)we visited last summer.(visited缺宾语，不用where) 3.先行词为reason,.从句缺宾语用that/which -例句：The reason(that)he explained was reasonable.(explained缺宾语，不用why) 知识点三：限定性定语从句与其他从句的区分及综合应用 ·与名词性从句的区分（根据连接词功能判断） -基础判断方法（高中核心）： *定语从句有先行词，名词性从句无先行词 *例句：The news that he told me is true.(定语从句，that指先行词news,作told宾语)The news that he will come is true.(同位语从句，that无指代，仅连接作用) *定语从句连接词可省略（作宾语时），名词性从句连接词一般不可省 *例句：This is the fact(that)we proved yesterday..(定语从句，that作宾语可省略)That the earth is round is a fact.(主语从句，that不可省略) ·与状语从句的区分（根据是否修饰名词判断） 一典型易混点对比（高考高频）： *where引导定语从句vs where引导地点状语从句 *例句：This is the factory where my father works.(定语从句，先行词factory)here there is a wil, there is a way.(地点状语从句，无先行词) *when引导定语从句vs when引导时间状语从句 *例句：I still remember the day when I met her..(定语从句，先行词day)When I met her,she was reading a book.(时间状语从句，无先行词) ·综合填空解题步骤（高考冲刺技巧） 一四步解题法： *找先行词：确定被修饰的名词/代词（如：This is the book_I want..先行词book) *分析从句成分：判断从句缺主语宾语定语（用关系代词）还是状语（用关系副词） *排除干扰选项：根据that禁用规则（介词后/非限制性）排除错误选项 *验证逻辑关系：确保先行词与从句语义一致（如：先行词为物不用wo) -真题演练(2023年全国甲卷)： *The place_we visited last summer is now a museum.(答案：that/which,visited缺宾语) ·写作应用模板（书面表达提分） -高分句型模板： *描述人物：He is the teacher_(who/that)taught me English in high school. *描述事物：This is the most interesting book_(that)I have ever read. *表达观点：|support the idea_(that)students should do more exercise.(注：此处that引导同位 语从句，对比定语从句) -写作误区警示：避免连续使用多个定语从句，可转换为非谓语结构（如：The girl who is wearing red and who is standing there is my sister.-The girl wearing red and standing there is my sister. ·长难句拆分技巧（阅读理解突破） -四步拆分法： *找主句主谓宾：确定句子主干（如：The students who won the competition will attend the meeting. 主句：The students will attend the meeting) *定位定语从句：标记”名词+连接词”结构(students who..) *补充省略成分：将省略的关系代词还原(The book(that)I bought→The book that I bought) *逐句翻译整合：先译主句，再译定语从句（如：”赢得比赛的学生将参加会议”） -真题实例(2022年新高考1卷)： The researchers found that the plants which were exposed to music grew faster than those which were not..(拆分：主句The researchers found that..;定语从句which were exposed to music修 饰plants) 必修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的辨析 ·核心：根据定语从句中缺少的句子成分（主语宾语定语用关系代词；状语用关系副词）判断正确引导词 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the village_my grandparents lived for 50 years. 一答案：where解析：从句“my grandparents lived”主谓结构完整，缺少地点状语，先行词village表 示地点，应用关系副词where(=in which)。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I still remember the days-we spent together in the mountains. A.when B.which C.where D.why -答案：B解析：从句“we spent'”缺少宾语，先行词days表示事物，应用关系代词which/that,.此处 选项中which符合要求。 ·真题3（短文改错）： -The reason why he gave for being late was not convincing.(找出错误并改正) -答案：将why改为that/which解析：先行词reason在从句中作gave的宾语(he gave the reason), 而非原因状语，应用关系代词that/which(可省略)。 老法二：关系代词与关系副词的综合判断及从句成分分析 ·核心：结合先行词类型及从句成分，判断使用关系代词(who/which/that等)还是关系副词 (when/where/why),并排除常见错误用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： -This is the village_my grandparents lived for 50 years. -答案：where -解析：先行词为地点名词“village'”,从句“my grandparents lived'”主谓结构完整((lived为不及物动 词，不缺宾语)，需用关系副词where作地点状语(=in which)。 ·真题2（单项选择）： I still remember the days_we spent together in the mountains last year. A.when B.which C.where D.why -答案：B -解析：先行词为时间名词“days”,从句“we spent'”缺少宾语(spent为及物动词，需接宾语)，故 用关系代词which/that(此处which在选项中，that可省略)，而非关系副词when。 考法三：限定性定语从句的综合辨析与解题应用 ·核心：结合从句成分分析、关系词选择规则及与其他从句的区分，解决复杂语境中的定语从句问题 ·真题1（单项选择）： The days_we spent together in the countryside will always be in my memory. A.when B.which C.where D.why -答案：B解析：先行词为“days”,从句中“spent”缺少宾语，需用关系代词。when/where/why为关 系副词，在从句中作状语，故排除A/C/D;which可作宾语指代先行词days,符合语法规则。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -Do you know the reason_he refused the invitation?It might be the one_he mentioned yesterday. -答案：why;that/which解析：第一空先行词为reason,从句“he refused the invitation”结构完整 (主谓宾齐全)，需用关系副词why作原因状语；第二空从句“he mentioned”缺少宾语，需用关系代 词that/which指代先行词one(指代reason),作mentioned的宾语。 必修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 定从引导先看空，从句成分是核心； 主谓完整缺状语，关系副词来帮忙； when时间where地点，why用在reason后； 主谓宾缺用代词，人用who物用which; that可指人或物，作宾可省要记住； 先行词是reason时，状语用why宾用that/which。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the school_my father worked as a teacher for 30 years. A.where B.which C.that D.when 2.I'll never forget the moment _I first saw the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.when D.where 3.Do you know the girlbrother won the first prize in the competition? A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 4.This is the most interesting story_I have ever read. A.which B.that C.what D.who 5.The reason_he explained for being absent was not believable A.why B.which C.where D.when 6.We talked about the people and places_we visited during the trip. A.which B.who C.that D.whom 7.Is there anything_I can do to help you finish the project? A.which B.what C.that D.whom 8.I still remember the days_we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.where C.that D.why 9.This is the factory_produces the new energy cars. A.where B.which C.when D.why 10.The student_the teacher praised is our monitor. A.which B.whom C.whose D.where 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is the park_we had a picnic last Sunday. 2.The boy_is standing at the door is my cousin. 3.I don't like the book_cover is red. 4.This is the first time_I have traveled abroad alone. 5.The reason _she was late for class is that her bike broke down. 6.We visited the museum_was built 200 years ago 7.He gave me a pen_I can write with 8.The man_you met yesterday is our new neighbor. 9.This is the house Lu Xun once lived. 10.I'll never forget the time_we spent together in Paris. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词（关系代词或关系副词）。 My hometown is a small town 1.-is surrounded by mountains.There is a river 2.-runs through the center of the town.I grew up in a house 3.-window faced the river.Every morning,I could hear the sound of birds 4._sang in the trees near the river. The most unforgettable place in my hometown is the old library 5._I spent many weekends reading books.The librarian,Mr.Li,6.-was very kind,often recommended good books to me.He told me stories about the history of the town 7.-he had collected over the years. Last summer,I returned to my hometown and visited the library again.I was surprised to find that it had been renovated.The books 8.-I had read as a child were still there,but they looked newer.I met a young girl 9.-was reading the same book I had loved.It made me realize that some things never change,even in a town 10.-is developing so fast. 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.C3.C4.B5.B6.C7.C8.C9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.where 2.who/that 3.whose 4.that 5.why 6.which/that 7.which/that 8.whom/who/that 9.where 10.that/which 演练三：语法填空 1.which/that 2.which/that 3.whose 4.which/that 5.where 6.who 7.that/which 8.that/which 9.who/that 10.which/that 必修1|英语|人教版