必修1 名词短语形容词短语副词短语的句法功能-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（人教版） Chapter1名词短语形容词短语/副词短语与非谓语动词/名词性从句 考频分析 名词短语形容词短语/副词短语的句法功能是高中英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主 要分布在试卷核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（辅助 理解长难句，影响信息定位准确性)。在语境理解和句子结构分析类题目中，三类短语在句中充当的成分 及修饰关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对名词短语形容词短语/副词短语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础构成与句法功能： ·名词短语：中心名词与修饰成分（定语）的搭配关系，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分的识别 与应用； ·形容词短语：形容词与修饰词（如副词、介词短语）的组合形式，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等 成分的用法及位置； ·副词短语：副词与修饰词（如程度副词、介词短语）的构成方式，在句中作状语（修饰动词、形容词、副 词或整个句子)的功能及语境选择。 精讲精练 知识点一：名词短语形容词短语副词短语的句法功能 ·名词短语（中心词为名词，可由形容词、代词等修饰） -功能1：作主语→例句：The red car is mine.(The red car名词短语作主语) -功能2：作宾语→例句：She bought a new book.(a new book名词短语作宾语) -功能3：作表语→例句：My brother is a doctor.(a doctor名词短语作表语) ·形容词短语（中心词为形容词，可由副词、介词短语等修饰） -功能1：作定语（修饰名词），例句：a very beautiful girl(very beautiful形容词短语作定语) -功能2：作表语→例句：The movie is interesting enough.(interesting enough形容词短语作表语) -功能3：作宾语补足语→例句：Ve found the story quite exciting.(quite exciting形容词短语作宾补) ·副词短语（中心词为副词，可由副词、介词短语等修饰） -功能1：作状语（修饰动词、形容词或整个句子） *修饰动词：She runs very fast.(very fast副词短语修饰动词runs) *修饰形容词：He is extremely tall..(extremely副词短语修饰形容词tall) *修饰句子：Luckily,he passed the exam.(Luckily副词短语修饰整个句子) 【即学即练】 1.【名词短语功能】”a new pen”在句子"i bought a new pen yesterday.”中充当什么成分？ A.主语 B.宾语 C.表语 D.定语 2.【形容词短语功能】"interesting enough”在句子"The book is interesting enough.”中充当什么成分？ A.定语 B.表语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语 3.【副词短语功能】”very fast'”在句子”He swims very fast.”中修饰的是？ A.名词 B.动词 C.形容词 D.整个句子 4.【短语识别】请判断下列短语类型：”quite happy”属于 短语。 5.【短语应用】请用”a big house”(名词短语)造一个作主语的句子： 必修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法 ·动词不定式(todo) 1.基本功能 -作主语（表具体动作）、宾语（接在want,hope,decide等动词后）、宾语补足语（接在ask,tell, wat等动词后，被动语态时to要还原)、表语（说明主语的内容或性质）、定语（修饰名词，表未 发生动作)、目的状语（表“为了…”） 2.否定形式 -结构：not+todo -例句：He decided not to go to the party..(not置于todo前) 3.经典搭配及例句 -作主语：To learn English well is important.(不定式短语作主语) -作宾语：She hopes to visit Paris next year..(hope后接不定式作宾语) -作宾补：My mother told me to finish homework first.(told后接me作宾语，to finish作宾补) -作目的状语：e study hard to get good grades.(to get表目的) ·动名词(doing) 1.基本功能 -作主语（表抽象概念）、宾语（接在enjoy,finish,practice,mind,keep等动词后，或介词后）、表语 (说明主语的性质或习惯性动作)、定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质） 2.否定形式 -结构：not+doing -例句：He apologized for not attending the meeting.(not置于doing前) 3.经典搭配及例句 -作主语：Swimming is good for health.(动名词作主语，表抽象动作) -作宾语：They enjoy playing basketball after school.(enjoy后接动名词作宾语) -介词后作宾语：She is interested in reading novels.(in是介词，后接reading) -作定语：a swimming pool(动名词作定语，表用途“用于游泳的”) ·分词（现在分词doing过去分词done) 1.现在分词（主动、进行） 一功能：作定语（修饰名词，表主动或正在进行）、表语（主语多为物，表“令人…的”）、宾语补 足语（接在see,hear,watch等动词后，表动作正在进行）、状语（表时间、原因、伴随等，逻辑主 语与句子主语一致) 一例句： *作定语：The running water is clean.(running表主动“流动的") *作表语：The movie is exciting..(exciting表“令人兴奋的”，主语为物) *作伴随状语：He walked home,singing a song.(singing与walked同时发生，表伴随) 2.过去分词（被动、完成） 一功能：作定语（修饰名词，表被动或已完成）、表语（主语多为人，表“感到…的”）、宾语补足 语（接在see,hear,watch等动词后，表被动）、状语（表时间、原因、条件等，逻辑主语与句子主 语一致) -例句： *作定语：The broken window needs repairing.(broken表被动“被打破的") *作表语：I am interested in this story.(interested表“感到感兴趣的”，主语为人) *作宾补：Ve saw the thief caught by the police..(caught表被动“被抓住”) 知识点三：名词性从句的基本用法 ·主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） -基础引导词及例句： *that(无意义，不充当成分)→例句：That she passed the exam surprised us all..(It surprised us all that she passed the exam. *whether(是否，不充当成分)→例句：Whether he will come is unknown.(It is unknown whether he will come. *what(什么，充当主语/宾语/表语)→例句：What he said is true.(what作said的宾语) *who(谁，指人，充当主语)→例句：Who will lead the team is a question. *when(何时，充当时间状语)→例句：When the meeting will start hasn't been decided. ·宾语从句（在及物动词介词后作宾语） -连接词分类及例句： *陈述句连接词that(可省略)→例句：Ithink(that)she is right. *一般疑问句连接词if/whether(是否)→例句：He asked if/whether we would go there.(介词后用 whether:I worry about whether she can come. *特殊疑问句连接词(what/who/where等，保留疑问意义)→例句：Do you know where he lives? (where作地点状语) 一时态一致原则（中考重点）： *主句为现在时/将来时，从句用任意时态→例句：She says she will visit Beijing.(主句现在时，从 句将来时) *主句为过去时，从句用过去相关时态（客观真理用一般现在时）→例句：He told me he had finished the work.(主句过去时，从句过去完成时)；Our teacher said the earth goes around the sun.(客 观真理用一股现在时) ·表语从句（在系动词后作表语） -常用引导词及例句： *that(无意义，不省略)→例句：The fact is that he lied to us *whether(是否)→例句：The question is whether we can finish it on time *what(什么，充当成分)→例句：This is what I want to say.(what作say的宾语) *why(为什么，充当原因状语)→例句：The reason is why he was late, ·同位语从句（解释说明名词内容，常用名词：fact/idea/new s/question等） 一典型结构及例句： *that引导（无意义，不充当成分）例句：We heard the news that our team won.(解释news的 内容) *whether引导（是否）例句：There is no doubt whether he will succeed.(doubt后接whether) 必修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（人教版） 考法一：非谓语动词作状语辨析 ·核心：根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系及动作发生的时间，判断使用不定式、现在分词或过去分词作 状语 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball. -答案：Having finished解析：“完成作业”发生在“出去玩”之前，且主语he与finish为主动关系， 用现在分词的完成式Having finished作时间状语。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --in 1949,the People's Republic of China is now one of the strongest countries in the world A.Found B.Founding C.Founded D.To found -答案：C解析：主语the People's Republic of China与found(建立)为被动关系，用过去分词Founded 作时间状语，表“被建立于1949年”。 考法二：非谓语动词与名词性从句的综合运用 ·核心：在名词性从句中正确使用非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词），需结合从句功能及非谓语动词的 句法作用判断形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： It is important_(learn)how to use computer skills well because what we-(learn)today will influence our future career -答案：to learn;learn解析：第一空为it作形式主语，真正主语需用不定式to learn(表具体动作)； 第二空为what引导的主语从句，根据"today”可知用一般现在时，主语we为复数，谓语动词用原形 learn ·真题2（单项选择）： The teacher asked the students_(not talk)in class and explained that_(listen)carefully was the key to good grades. A.don't talk;listen B.not to talk;listening C.not talk;to listen D.not talking;listened -答案：B解析：第一空为ask sb.not to do sth.结构，不定式否定式not to talk作宾补；第二空为that 引导的宾语从句，从句主语需用动名词listening(表抽象动作)。 考法三：非谓语动词与名词性从句的综合应用 ·核心：结合非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的句法功能，分析其在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、定 语等成分时的用法，同时注意名词性从句的引导词选择及时态一致原则。 ·真题1（单项选择）： -_the project on time is what we are focusing on now.The manager asked us_any problems we might meet. A.Completing;reporting B.To complete;to report C.Complete;report D.Having completed;reported 一答案：B解析：第一空为名词性从句中的主语，根据知识点二，动词不定式作主语表具体动作，符合 “按时完成项目”这一具体目标，动名词作主语表抽象概念，此处应用不定式To complete;第二空为 宾语从句中的宾补，ask后接不定式作宾补，结构为ask sb.to do sth.,故用to report。 ·真题2（语法填空）： She was worried about whether-(attend)the meeting yesterday.Her main concern was what _(discuss)there without her preparation. -答案：to attend;to discuss解析：第一空为宾语从句中的宾语，介词about后接whether引导的宾语 从句，从句中缺少主语，根据知识点二，“疑问词+不定式”结构可作主语，此处用to attend;第二空 为表语从句中的宾语，what引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，“疑问词+不定式”结构可作宾语，故 用to discuss。 必修1|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 非谓作状辨关系，主动现分被动过； 动作先后看时间，完成主动用having done; 名词性从句成分判，主宾表定需非谓； 主语抽象用动名，具体目标不定式； 宾补常接不定式，ask后not to do要记牢； 疑问词加不定式，主宾成分可担当： 引导词后看功能，时态一致莫相忘。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.English well requires consistent practice and patience. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 2.The teacher advised us _notes carefully during the lecture. A.take B.taking C.to take D.taken 3.by the beautiful scenery,she decided to stay for another week. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Attract 4.I don't know _he will arrive tomorrow.Please call me when he comes. A.that B.whether C.what D.who 5.The main problem is_we can solve the technical issue within three days. A.that B.if C.what D.how 6.She apologized for_the meeting due to illness. A.not attending B.not to attend C.not attend D.not attended 7.the exam,he started to prepare for the next challenge. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.To finish D.Finished 8.It is important_the instructions before using the machine. A.read B.reading C.to read D.having read 9.The news_our team won the championship excited everyone. A.that B.which C.what D.where 10.He was seen_into the building at 9 p.m.last night. A.go B.to go C.going D.gone 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She hopes_(visit)her grandparents next summer vacation. 2.(not make)the same mistake again,he took detailed notes. 3.The book_(write)by Lu Xun is still popular today. 4.I am not sure whether_(accept)the job offer or not. 5._(swim)is a good way to keep fit and relax. 6.The teacher asked us_(not talk)loudly in the library. 7.(solve)this problem,we need to work together. 8.What he said made me_(feel)happy and confident. 9.The children were excited about_(go)to the amusement park. 10.It is necessary for us_(learn)basic first-aid skills 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） (主题：科技与生活) With the development of technology,more people are used to_(1.shop)online.However,some still worry about whether_(2.protect)their personal information.Experts suggest that we should be careful when_(3.click)on unknown links. -(4.improve)online security,companies have introduced new measures.For example,many apps now require users-(5.set)strong passwords.What's more,it is important_(6.check)the website's safety before making payments. A recent survey shows that 70%of users prefer_(7.use)mobile payment.The reason is_(8.it)is convenient and fast.However,some elderly people find it hard_(9.adapt)to these changes.They often ask their children how_(10.operate)the new apps correctly. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.B4.B5.D6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.to visit 2.Not to make 3.written 4.to accept 5.Swimming 6.not to talk 7.To solve 8.feel 9.going 10.to learn 演练三：语法填空 1.shopping 2.to protect 3.clicking 4.To improve 5.to set 6.to check 7.to use 8.that 9.to adapt 10.to operate 必修1|英语|人教版