选修3 名词性从句-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（外研版） Chapter1名词性从句 考频分析 名词性从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、阅读理解（长难句理解关键）、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（提升句式复杂度与表达准确性）。 在语境理解和逻辑分析类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选择、语序及成分分析往往是解题核心。 考查内容 高中英语对名词性从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·从句类型辨析：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的句法功能与引导词选择； ·引导词使用：连接词that if whether、连接代词what who whom whose which、连接副词when where why how的区别与适用场景； ·语序与时态：陈述句语序的坚持，主从句时态呼应（如主句过去时从句用相应过去时态）及特殊情况（如 客观真理用一般现在时)。 精讲精练 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及基础用法 ·主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） -连接词：that(无意义，不充当成分)、whether(是否)、what/who/which(什么/谁/哪个，充当主语/宾 语/表语) -例句：口That he will come is certain.(that引导主语从句，置于句首)口It is important whether we can finish the work on time.(it作形式主语，whether引导的从句作真正主语) ·宾语从句（在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语） -连接词：that(可省略)、if/whether(是否)、what/how/why(什么/如何/为什么，充当相应成分) -例句：口I think(that)she is right..(thatS导宾语从句，可省略)口He asked if they would go there by bus.(f引导宾语从句，表“是否”) ·表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语）》 -连接词：that(不可省略)、whether(是否)、asif/as though(好像)、what/where(什么/哪里，充当 成分) -例句：口The fact is that he has never been abroad.(that引导表语从句，说明主语的内容)口It looks as if it is going to rain.(asif引导表语从句，表“好像”) ·同位语从句（在句中作名词的同位语，解释说明名词的具体内容） -常见先行词：fact(事实)、news(消息)、idea(想法)、promise(承诺) -连接词：that(不可省略，不充当成分)、whether(是否) -例句：口We heard the news that our team had won.(that引导同位语从句，解释news的内容)□ There is some doubt whether he will keep his promise.(whether引导同位语从句，修饰doubt) 【即学即练】 1.【主语从句】__he missed the train is obvious..转换为形式主语结构应为： A.It is obvious that he missed the train. B.It obvious that he missed the train. C.It is obvious he missed the train. D.That it is obvious he missed the train. 2.【宾语从句】|don't know__(if/whether)he will come tomorrow.此处填 3.【表语从句】The question is_we can solve the problem in time.(缺方式状语，应填) A.that B.what C.how D.if 4.【同位语从句】The news our team won the game excited us..此处l导词应为： A.what B.that C.which D.how 5.【从句类型辨析】“It is important that we study hard.”中，that引导的是 从句，it 作 主语。 选修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：名词性从句的连接词选择与易错点 ·连接词that与what的区别 1.成分差异 -tht:不充当从句成分，仅起连接作用（如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中）；宾语从句中可省 略。 -wht:充当从句主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”“…的事物”。 2.对比例句 -That she passed the exam made her parents happy..(that引导主语从句，不充当成分) -What she said surprised everyone.(what引导主语从句，作said的宾语) ·whether与if的用法辨析 1.相同点 -引导宾语从句时，均表“是否”，可互换（如：Idon't know if/whether he will come.)。 2.不同点 -whether可用于主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句及介词后，if不可。 -例句：Whether he will attend the meeting is uncertain..(主语从句，不可用if) -The question is whether we should accept the offer.(表语从句，不可用if) -I have no idea whether they will agree.(同位语从句，不可用if) -We are talking about whether to go there.(介词后，不可用if) ·同位语从句与定语从句的区分 1.本质不同 -同位语从句：解释先行词的具体内容，从句本身完整(tht不充当成分)。 -定语从句：修饰先行词，从句不完整(hat充当主语或宾语，可省略)， 2.例句对比 -The news that our team won the game excited us.(同位语从句，that不充当成分，解释news内 容) -The news that he told me excited us.(定语从句，that作told的宾语，修饰news) ·形式主语与真实主语的转换 1.基本结构 -当主语从句较长时，常用“it+be+形容词/名词+that从句”，it作形式主语，从句后置。 2.转换规则 That he missed the train is obvious.-It is obvious that he missed the train. Whether we can solve the problem depends on our efforts.-It depends on our efforts whether we can solve the problem.(whether导的主语从句后置时，it仍为形式主语) 知识点三：名词性从句的时态与语序规则 ·时态一致原列则（主句与从句时态呼应） 一基础规则（高中核心）： 1.主句为现在时/将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 *例句：She says(that)she will visit Beijing next month..(主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时) *Ne don't know if he has finished his homework.(主句一般现在时，从句现在完成时) 2.主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态（客观真理除外） *例句：He told me that he was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday.(主句一般过去时，从句过去进 行时) *She asked if they had gone to the park.(主句一般过去时，从句过去完成时) 3.客观真理永用一般现在时 *例句：The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.(从句表客观真理，用一般现在时) ·陈述语序要求（从句必用陈述语序） 一常见错误对比（高中易错）： 1.错误：Idon't know where is he going. 2.正确：Idon't know where he is going.(where引导宾语从句，用”主语+谓语”陈述语序) 3.错误：Can you tell me what time does the train leave? 4.正确：Can you tell me what time the train leaves?(what time引导宾语从句，用陈述语序) 5.错误：The question is how did she solve the problem. 6.正确：The question is how she solved the problem.(how引导表语从句，用陈述语序) -特殊疑问词引导时结构：疑问词+主语+谓语（如what he did/where they went) ·虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 -常见句型（高中重点）： 1.”建议/命令/要求”类动词后的宾语从句(should+动词原形，should可省略) *例句：The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest..(suggest后的宾语从句) *He ordered that the work(should)be finished at once.(order后的宾语从句) 2.tis+形容词/名词+that从句(should+动词原形) *例句：It is important that we(should)learn from each other.(important后的主语从句) *It is a pity that she(should)miss the chance.(pity后的主语从句) 3.wish后的宾语从句（表与事实相反的假设） *例句：I wish I were a bird.(对现在的虚拟，用过去时) *She wishes she had studied harder..(对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时) 选修3|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（外研版） 考法一：连接词that与what的辨析 ·核心：根据从句是否缺成分及语义需求，区分that(不充当成分)与what(充当主/宾/表语)的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： --he said at the meeting surprised all of us. -答案：What解析：从句中said后缺宾语，需用what充当成分，意为“他所说的话”；若用that则不 充当成分，从句语义不完整。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -The fact_he won the competition made his family proud. A.that B.what C.which D.how -答案：A解析：从句“he won the competition”结构完整，不缺成分，且先行词为fact,需用that引 导同位语从句，解释fact的内容。what需充当成分，此处不符合语境。 考法二：连接词选择与语序综合考查 ·核心：结合名词性从句类型判断连接词是否充当成分及是否省略，同时确保从句使用陈述语序 ·真题1（语法填空）： No one knows__the famous singer will arrive.The fans have been waiting at the airport for hours. -答案：when解析：从句"the famous singer will arrive'”中缺少时间状语，需用连接副词when引导宾 语从句；从句使用”主语+谓语”的陈述语序，符合语法规则。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The problem is we can solve it in such a short time. A.how B.that C.what D.if -答案：A解析：表语从句中"we can solve it'”主谓宾完整，缺少方式状语，应用连接副词how;if不可 引导表语从句，that不充当成分不符合语境，what需充当成分此处不适用。 考法三：名词性从句的综合运用与连接词、时态及语序结合 ·核心：结合连接词选择(that/what/whether//if)、时态一致原则及陈述语序，分析复杂语境中的名词性从 句 ·真题1（单项选择）： --he will attend the meeting tomorrow depends on_the manager agrees or not.Some colleagues doubt_the projectby the end of this month. A.If;whether;that;will complete B.Whether;if;if;has completed C.Whether;whether;that;will be completed D.That;whether;if;will have been completed -答案：C解析：第一空为主语从句，表“是否”且位于句首，只能用Whether;第二空为介词on后的 宾语从句，表“是否”用whether(if不可用于介词后)；第三空为doubt后的宾语从句，肯定句中用 if/whether,,但此处表示确定的内容，用that;第四空为project作主语的被动语态，由时间标志by the end of this month”可知用一般将来时被动语态will be completed。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The teacher asked us_(what/that)made the little girl so upset.We told her the news-her favorite toy(steal)and there was some doubt_she could find it again. -答案：what;that;had been stolen;whether解析：第一空引导宾语从句且作主语，用what;第二空 引导同位语从句解释news内容，用that;第三空toy与steal为被动关系，且偷的动作发生在told之 前，用过去完成时被动语态had been stolen;第四空doubt后的同位语从句表“是否”，用whether。 选修3|英语丨外研版 ENGLISH-选修3系列资料（外研版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1._the meeting will be held next week is still unknown to all of us. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.The manager didn't tell us_the project would be completed,but he promised__it would be finished on time. A.when;that B.that;when C.what;if D.how;what 3.It is necessary__we should take measures to protect the environment. A.if B.whether C.that D.what 4.She asked me_I had seen her keys,but I had no idea_she had left them. A.that;where B.if;that C.whether;where D.what;how 5.The fact_he failed the exam again made his parents very disappointed. A.which B.what C.that D.why 6.__surprised us most was__he could speak five foreign languages fluently. A.What;that B.That;what C.Which;how D.How;which 7.There is some doubt the new policy will be carried out effectively. A.if B.whether C.that D.what 8.The teacher suggested that we_more attention to grammar rules while writing. A.pay B.paid C.will pay D.have paid 9.I wonderthe meeting-tomorrow morning. A.if;will hold B.whether;will be held C.that;is held D.what;holds 10._he told me yesterday was_he had applied for a job in a foreign company. A.That;what B.What;that C.Which;that D.What;which 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The news_our school will hold a sports meeting next month excited all the students. 2.We haven't decidedwe should go for a picnic this weekend. 3._you need most now is a good rest after such a long journey. 4.It is important_we should learn to communicate with others politely 5.The little girl asked her mother_the moon goes around the earth. 6.I have no idea__the concert will start.Could you check the ticket for me? 7.The fact_he has never been abroad before doesn't stop him from dreaming of traveling around the world. 8.She was worried about _she could pass the final exam. 9._the team will win the championship depends on their performance in the final match. 10.The doctor advised_I should avoid eating spicy food for a few days. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last week,our class had a discussion about 1.we should learn a second foreign language.Some students thought 2.-learning a second foreign language could help them in the future,while others doubted 3.__it was necessary.Our teacher told us 4.-the key was to choose a language that interested us most.She also mentioned the fact 5.__many companies now prefer employees with foreign language skills. During the discussion,Tom shared his experience.He said 6.-he started learning Japanese two years ago because he was fond of Japanese culture.However,he worried 7.-he could keep up with the lessons.The teacher encouraged him by saying,"8.-matters is not how fast you learn,but how persistent you are.” At the end of the discussion,we all agreed 9.-we should at least try to learn basic phrases of another language.There was no doubt 10._this experience would benefit us in the long run. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.C4.C5.C6.A7.B8.A9.B10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.that 2.whether/if 3.What 4.that 5.if/whether 6.when 7.that 8.whether 9.Whether 10.that 演练三：语法填空 1.whether 2.that 3.if/whether 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.whether/if 8.What 9.that 10.that 选修3|英语|外研版