必修1 冠词定冠词和零冠词-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） Chapter1冠词：定冠词和零冠词 考频分析 冠词是高中英语词法的基础模块，考频占词法总量的10%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题型：单项选择(1-2 题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、短文改错(1-2题)。在语境理解类题目中，定冠词表特指 与零冠词的固定搭配及泛指用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对冠词（定冠词和零冠词）的考察聚焦两大维度，覆盖基础规则与语境应用： ·定冠词the的用法：特指某（些）人或事物、双方都知道的人或事物、上文提到过的人或事物、用于世 界上独一无二的事物前、用于序数词和最高级前等； ·零冠词的用法：复数名词表示泛指时、不可数名词表示泛指时、专有名词前、季节月份星期节日前、三 餐球类运动前等。 精讲精练 知识点一：冠词：定冠词和零冠词 ·定冠词(the,表特指或双方已知) 一用法：特指某（些）人或事物；指前文提到过的人或事物；用在世界上独一无二的事物前；用在序数 词、形容词最高级前 -例句：口The book on the desk is mine.(特指桌上的书)口The sun rises in the east.(世界独一无二 事物)》 ·零冠词（不用冠词，表泛指或固定搭配） 一用法：指一类人或事物的复数名词前；学科、语言、球类运动等名词前；星期、月份、季节等名词前； 三餐、节日等名词前 -例句：口Students should study hard.(泛指学生)口e play basketball every afternoon.(球类运动) 【即学即练】 1.【定冠词用法】"The moon moves around the earth.”中定冠词the的作用是？ A.表示泛指 B.修饰世界上独一无二的事物 C.修饰上文提到的事物 D.修饰复数名词 2.【零冠词用法】请在空白处填写合适的冠词（无需填则写）：Ve play_football after class. 3.【冠词辨析】下列句子中冠词使用正确的是？ A.The Spring is my favorite season B.I have breakfast at 7 a.m.every day C.She plays the basketball very well. D.He is reading a book.The book is interesting.(第二句的the使用错误) 4.【定冠词特指用法】请用the完成句子：_book I borrowed yesterday is very useful.. 5.【零冠词固定搭配】下列短语中零冠词使用错误的是？ A.go to school B.by bus C.play the piano(此处piano前需the,非零冠词错误) D.at home 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：冠词：不定冠词和冠词的特殊用法 ·不定冠词(aan,表泛指或数量“一”) 1.基本用法区别 -a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；n用于元音音素开头的单词前（注意：音素而非字母） -例词：a book(辅音音素b/)、an apple(元音音素/e/)、an hour(元音音素/al,h不发音)、a university(辅音音素ju:l) 2.具体用法 -表示泛指的某类人或事物中的一个；用于首次提到的单数可数名词前；表示数量“一”（相当于oe, 但意义较弱)；用于某些固定搭配中 -例句： *I need a pen to write a letter..(泛指一支笔、一封信) *There is an old man under the tree.(首次提到“一位老人”) *He has a sister and two brothers..(数量“一) *He goes to school twice a week.(固定搭配“twice a week") ·冠词的特殊用法 1.不用冠词的特殊情况 -名词前已有物主代词(my,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(some,any等)或名词所 有格修饰时；表示独一无二的职位、头衔作表语或同位语时；by+交通工具名词（不加冠词）；某 些固定短语中（如at home,go to school) -例句： *This is my book.(已有物主代词my,不用冠词) *He was elected president of the company.(职位president作表语，不用冠词) *Ne usually go to work by bus.(by+交通工具bus,不用冠词) *She stays at home on Sundays..(固定短语at home,不用冠词) 2.定冠词的特殊用法 -用在姓氏复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”；用在形容词前表示一类人(th+形容词，表复数意 义)；用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等专有名词前；用在乐器类名词前 一例句： *The Smiths are having dinner now.(the+姓氏复数Smiths.,表示“史密斯一家人”) *The old should be respected by the young.(the+形容词old/young.,表示“老年人年轻人") *The Yangtze River is the longest river in China..(江河名称前用the) *She plays the piano very well.(乐器piano前用the) 知识点三：冠词：定冠词和零冠词的易混点与对比应用 ·定冠词与零冠词的核心区别 -定冠词(the):强调特定对象，用于上文提及、双方共知或唯一事物 -例句：I bought a book yesterday.The book is about history.(上文提及，用the) 一零冠词：表示泛指一类事物或符合固定搭配规则 -例句：Books are our good friends..(泛指书籍，用零冠词) ·易混场景对比 1.季节名词前的冠词使用 -零冠词（表泛指季节）：Spring is my favorite season, -定冠词（特指某-年的季节）：The spring of2023 was very cold. 2.球类与乐器名词前的冠词差异 -零冠词（球类运动）：We often play football after class.. -定冠词（乐器）：She practices the violin for an hour daily.. 3.独一无二事物的例外情况 -用the(静态描述)：The moon moves around the earth. -零冠词（含形容词修饰表泛指概念）：Man has reached the moon,but a new moon is rising in space exploration ·高频错误对比 1.学科名称前误用定冠词 -错误：I like the math very much, -正确：I like math very much.(学科前用零冠词) 2.固定搭配中多余冠词 -错误：He goes to the school by bus. -正确：He goes to school by bus.(go to school表上学，固定零冠词) 3.职位头衔前误用不定冠词 -错误：She was elected a chairperson of the club -正t确：She was elected chairperson of the club.(职位作表语，零冠词) ·语境辨析题（高考难度） 1.()Sun rises in ()east. A.The;the B.;1 C.A;an D.The;an 答案：A(世界独一无二事物用the;方位名词前用the) 2.We have (lunch at school and then play (basketball. A.a;the B.;/ C.the;a D./the 答案：B(三餐、球类运动前用零冠词) 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 老法一：不定冠词alan的用法辨析 ·核心：根据单词开头的音素（而非字母）判断使用a还是an,区分辅音音素与元音音素开头的单词 ·真题1（语法填空）： -There is_university in our city.It is very famous for its medical school. -答案：a解析：university虽以字母u开头，但发音以辅音音素ju:/开头，故用不定冠词a。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -My mother bought me_useful dictionary and__interesting storybook yesterday. A.aan B.an a C.aa D.anan -答案：A解析：useful以辅音音素ju:/开头，用a;interesting以元音音素/l开头，用an,故选A。 考法二：冠词综合应用辨析 ·核心：根据名词类型、语境特指泛指含义及固定搭配规则，判断定冠词、不定冠词或零冠词的正确使用 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Smiths are planning to visit _Great Wall during _summer vacation -答案：The the the解析：第一空姓氏复数前加定冠词表一家人；第二空世界独一无二的专有名词前用 定冠词；第三空特指双方已知的暑假，用定冠词表特指。 ·真题2（完形填空）： My brother plays_piano very well and he often goes to_school by_bike. A.the// B.athea C.the the/ D.//the -答案：A解析：第一空乐器名词前用定冠词；第二空固定搭配”go to school”表上学用零冠词；第三 空"by+交通工具”结构用零冠词。 考法三：冠词的综合运用与语境辨析 ·核心：结合定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的基本用法，根据语境（如泛指特指、固定搭配、名词修饰语等） 准确判断冠词的使用形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： -Smiths are planning to visit_Great Wall during_summer vacation this year. A.A;the;/ B.The;the;the C.The;/the D./the;/ -答案：B解析：第一空“the+姓氏复数Smiths”表示“史密斯一家人”，用定冠词the;第二空“the Great Wall'”是专有名词（山脉建筑类），需加定冠词the;第三空“the summer vacation'”特指“今 年的暑假”，用定冠词the表特指。 ·真题2（语法填空）： My brother often plays_basketball after school,but yesterday he went to_concert with his friends. He wants to be_musician when he grows up. -答案：/；a;a解析：第一空“play basketbal”是球类运动，用零冠词；第二空“concert”是可数名 词单数，首次提到表泛指，且“concert'”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a;第三空“musician'”是可 数名词单数，表泛指“一位音乐家”，以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词。 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 冠词使用妙招 不定冠词看音素，辅音a来元音an; 定冠词要表特指，专有名词常相伴； 姓氏复数加he表家人，乐器前面the别忘； 零冠词用在固定搭，球类三餐和学校； by加交通不加冠，泛指可数单需冠。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She wants to be_engineer when she grows up. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.There is_"h"in the word "hour and it makes_/ao/sound. A.a;an B.an;a C.an;an D.a;a 3._Browns are going to visit_Forbidden City next month. A.The;the B.A;the C.The;/ D./the 4.My sister plays_violin every evening and she is good at-music. A.the;/ B./the c.a;1 D.the;the 5.We usually havebreakfast at 7:00 a.m.and then go to-school by-bike. A.1:1:1 B.the;/a C.a;the;/ D./the;the 6._old should be respected,and_young should learn from them. A.The;the B.An;a C.;1 D.A;the 7.He bought__useful book and__interesting magazine yesterday. A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;a 8.sun rises in _east and sets in_west. A.A;the;the B.The;/;/ C.The;the;the D./the;the 9.My father goes towork by_car,but today he rodebike. A./;/;a B.the;a;the C./the;/ D.the;/a 10.She was elected_monitor of our class last week. A.a B.an C.the D./ 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I need-pen to write-letter to my friend. 2.-Smiths are having_dinner in the living room now. 3.He plays-piano very well but he doesn't like playing__football. 4.We will visitGreat Wall duringNational Day holiday. 5.There is__university and_hospital in this town. 6._old man under_tree is my grandfather. 7.She goes to_school at 8:00 a.m.and comes back at_noon. 8._moon moves around_earth. 9.My mother often goes shopping by_bus,but sometimes she drives_car. 10.He wants to be_astronaut when he grows up. 演练三：语法填空试题（一篇文章） My friend Tom is_(1)student in_(2)senior high school.He is interested in music and plays_(3)guitar very well.Every morning,he goes to_(4)school by_(5)bike.Last Sunday,he went to _(6)concert with his parents.-(7)concert was held in_(8)biggest hall in our city.After_(9)concert,they had _(10)dinner at a famous restaurant. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.A4.A5.A6.A7.C8.C9.A10.D 演练二：填空试题 1.a;a 2.The;/3.the;/4.the;5.a;a 6.The;the 7./;/8.The;the 9./a 10.an 演练三：语法填空 1.a2.a3.the4./5./ 6.a 7.The 8.the 9.the 10. 必修1|英语|外研版