必修1 构词法转换法和合成法-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） Chapter1构词法：转换法和合成法 考频分析 构词法中的转换法和合成法是高中英语词法的重要考点，考频占词法总量的15%左右，主要分布在以下 题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空23题、阅读理解（影响词义猜测与篇章理解）。在词 汇积累与应用类题目中，通过转换法和合成法构成的新词的词性判断及词义理解往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对构词法中转换法和合成法的考察聚焦两大核心，覆盖形式识别与语境运用： ·转换法：名词与动词、形容词与动词的词性转换规则及词义变化（如book→预订，empty-→倒空），转 换后在句中的语法功能辨析； ·合成法：复合名词（如classroom)、复合形容词（如hard-working)、复合动词（如overcome)的构成 方式与拼写规则，在语境中的语义理解及搭配应用。 精讲精练 知识点一：构词法：转换法和合成法 ·转换法（由一种词性转换为另一种词性，词形不变） -常见类型：名词→动词(book n.书→v.预订)、形容词→动词(empty adj.空的→v.倒空)、动词 →名词(wakv.走→n.散步) -例句：口He will book a ticket online..(book由名词”书”转换为动词”预订”)口She empty the box yesterday.(empty由形容词”空的”转换为动词”倒空") ·合成法（由两个或两个以上单词组合成新单词） -常见类型：名词+名词(classroom教室)、形容词+名词(blackboard黑板)、动词+名词(pickpocket 扒手) -例句：口Our classroom is very big.(class和room组合成classroom)☐He wrote on the blackboard with chalk.(black知board组合成blackboard) 【即学即练】 1.【转换法辨析】"water”在句子"Please water the flowers.”中由名词转换为哪种词性？ A.形容词 B.动词 C.副词 D.介词 2.【合成法识别】请判断"hard-working'”属于哪种合成词类型： 3.【转换法应用】用括号内单词的正确形式填空：She made a_(walk)in the park after dinner. 4.【合成法辨析】下列哪个单词是由”动词+名词”构成的合成词？ A.classroom B.blackboard C.pickpocket D.hard-working 5.【转换法语法功能】转换法构成的单词在句中作谓语时，其词性通常为 ,作定语时词性通常 为 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：构词法：派生法和缩略法 ·派生法（通过加前缀或后缀构成新词） -常见前缀及意义： *un(否定，如happy-unhappy不开心的) *re-(再、又，如write-→rewrite重写) *dis-(否定，如like→dislike不喜欢) -常见后缀及意义（名词后缀）： *-er(人，如teach-→teacher教师) *-or(人，如act-→actor演员) *-tion(动作/状态，如invent-invention发明) -常见后缀及意义（形容词后缀）： *-ful(充满…的，如care→careful小心的) *-less(无…的，如hope→hopeless无望的) *-y(多…的，如cloud→cloudy多云的) -例句：口She is unhappy with the result.(happy加前缀un-构成unhappy)口This is a useful book.. (use加后缀-ful构成useful) ·缩略法（将单词缩写或词组首字母缩略成新词） 一常见类型： *单词缩写（截取单词部分字母，如telephone->phone电话；bicycle-bike自行车） *首字母缩略（各单词首字母组成，如World Health Organization-→WHO世界卫生组织；United Na- tions-UN联合国) -例句：口I will call you on the phone tonight.(phone由telephone缩写而来)WHO was founded in1948.(WHO是Vorld Health Organization的首字母缩略) 知识点三：构词法：混合法和逆构法 ·混合法（将两个单词各取部分字母组合成新词） 一常见类型： *单词首部+单词尾部（如breakfast+lunch->brunch早午餐；motor+hotel--motel汽车旅馆） *单词缩写+单词（如television+broadcast-→telecast电视广播；medical+care-medicare医疗 保险) -例句：Many people enjoy eating brunch on weekends.(breakfast和lunch混合成brunch)·They watched the live telecast of the concert.(television和broadcast混合成telecast) ·逆构法（从已有的派生词中去掉假定的词缀构成新词） 一常见类型： *名词→动词（如editor编辑edit编辑；beggar乞丐beg乞讨） *形容词→动词（如lazy懒惰的→laze懒散；greedy贪婪的→greet问候，注：此处为示例常见逆 构，实际greet词源不同，教学中常用此类假设性示例) -例句：☐He needs to edit the article before publication.(由editor逆构出edit)口The boy likes to laze around on Sunday mornings.(由lazy逆构出laze) ·构词法易错点辨析 1.派生法前缀后缀混淆： -He is hope-less to pass the exam.→He is hopeless to pass the exam.(-less后缀需直接连接 词根，无空格) She rewrite the letter yesterday.→She rewrote the letter yesterday..(re-前缀构成的动词过去 式需变内部元音) 2.混合法与合成法混淆： -brunch是由breakfast和lunch合成的单词。→brunch是由breakfast和lunch混合而成的单 词。（合成法是完整单词拼接，混合法是各取部分） 3.逆构法词缀判断错误： -aet是由actor-逆构出的单词。→actor是由act加后缀-or构成的单词，逆构法是从派生词去词 缀得原词。 必修1|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） 老法一：构词法之转换法辨析 ·核心：根据句子语境，判断单词词性转换类型及正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Please_(empty)the trash before you leave. -答案：empty解析：empty由形容词“空的”转换为动词“倒空”，句子为祈使句，用动词原形。 ·真题2（完形填空）： She made a_(walk)in the park after dinner. A.walk B.walks C.walked D.walking -答案：A解析：wak由动词“走”转换为名词“散步”，且“a”后接可数名词单数。 考法二：构词法综合辨析 ·核心：根据词根词缀及构词规则，判断不同构词法（转换法/合成法/派生法缩略法/混合法/逆构法）构成 的新词词性及含义 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The word"brunch”is formed by_(mix)"breakfast”and"lunch”. -答案：mixing解析：由知识点三可知，brunch是breakfast和lunch通过混合法构成的新词，此处介 词by后需用动名词形式，miⅸ的动名词为mixing。 ·真题2（完形填空）： Tom wants to _(book)a flight ticket online.The_(book)office is on the first floor. A.book:book B.booking;book C.book;booking D.booking;booking -答案：C解析：第一空根据知识点一，book由名词“书”转换为动词“预订”，want to后接动词原形； 第二空booking office为合成词，意为“售票处”，用动名词形式作定语。 老法三：构词法综合辨析与应用 ·核心：识别不同构词法（转换法、合成法、派生法、缩略法、混合法、逆构法）的特征，结合语境判断 单词构成方式并正确运用。 ·真题1（单项选择）： The word "brunch"comes from combining"breakfast"and "lunch".This way of forming words is called A.conversion B.blending C.derivation D.back-formation -答案：B解析："brunch”由"breakfast'”和"lunch”各取部分字母组合而成，符合知识点三中混合法（单 词首部+单词尾部)的定义，blending为混合法的英文表述；conversion是转换法，derivation是派 生法，back-form ation是逆构法，均不符合题意。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The (invent)_of the computer has changed the world greatly.His(able)-to solve difficult problems made him a popular(teach)-in the school.We usually have(brunch)-on Sunday mornings,which is a (mix)_of breakfast and lunch. -答案：invention ability teacher brunch mixture解析：第一空，"invent'”（(动词)加后缀-tion构成名 词"invention”(发明)，符合知识点二中派生法；第二空，”able”(形容词)加后缀-ity构成名词”ability” (能力)，符合派生法；第三空，"teach”(动词)加后缀-er构成名词"teacher'”(教师)，符合派生法；第 四空，"brunch”是"breakfast'”和"lunch”混合而成，符合知识点三中混合法；第五空，”mix”(动词)加 后缀-ture构成名词"mixture”(混合物)，符合派生法。 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-必修1系列资料（外研版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.The word"motel"is formed by combining "motor"and "hotel".This method of word formation is called A.conversion B.blending C.derivation D.back-formation 2.Which of the following words is formed by conversion A.unhappy B.classroom C.edit D.book(N.预订) 3.The underlined word in"She hopes to interview the actor tomorrow"is formed by A.adding a prefix B.adding a suffix C.conversion D.abbreviation 4.Which of the following is an example of back-formation A.teacher from teach B.lazy to laze C.phone from telephone D.blackboard from black and board 5.The word "WHO"is formed by A.clipping B.blending C.acronym D.conversion 6.In the sentence"Please water the flowers",the word "water"is formed by A.noun to verb B.verb to noun C.adjective to verb D.adverb to verb 7.Which word is formed by the same method as "brunch" A.motel B.careful C.rewrite D.empty 8.The word"hopeless"is formed by adding the suffix to "hope" A.-ful B.-less C.-er D.-tion 9.Which of the following is a compound word A.unhappy B.television C.pickpocket D.UNESCO 10.In "He made a sudden decision","sudden"is formed by adding to "sudden" A.prefix B.suffix C.conversion D.blending 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.You should_(care)cross the road. 2.The_(invent)of the Internet changed our life 3.She felt_(hope)after hearing the bad news. 4.Please_(book)a room for me in advance. 5.We had a_(wonder)time at the party. 6.He likes to_(walk)in the park every morning. 7.The_(nation)flag is flying high. 8.Can you_(pure)the water before drinking? 9.She is a famous _(science). 10.They decided to_(broad)the road. 演练三：语法填空（共0空） Nowadays,with the development of technology,many new words are created through different word formation methods.For example,"smog"is a_(blend)of"smoke"and "fog".People often use "blog" which is_(shorten)from "web log". In daily life,we can see many compound words like "classroom"and "blackboard".When we want to express the opposite of"happy",we add the prefix"un-"to form"unhappy". It's important to master these word formation skills.They help us_(understand)new words easily.For instance,when we see"dislike",we know it means"not like"because of the prefix"dis-". Some words change their parts of speech without changing their forms.We can "butter"bread,which is a _(convert)from noun to verb. By learning these methods,we can_(rich)our vocabulary and improve our English_(able).Let's keep -(learn)and_(explore)the interesting world of words.Remember,practice makes_(perfect).With hard work,you'll make great_(progress). 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.D3.B4.B5.C6.A7.A8.B9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.carefully 2.invention 3.hopeless 4.book 5.wonderful 6.walk 7.national 8.purify 9.scientist 10.broaden 演练三：语法填空 1.blend 2.shortened 3.understand 4.conversion 5.enrich 6.ability 7.learning 8.exploring 9.perfect 10.progress 必修1|英语|外研版