必修1 基础时态一现现进和现完-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（外研版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） Chapter1基础时态：一现、现进和现完 考频分析 基础时态一现现进和现完是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确 性与语境合理性。在语境理解类题目中，基础时态的辨析与运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对基础时态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构与构成：一般现在时（主语+动词原形第三人称单数形式）、现在进行时（主语+am/is/are+现 在分词)、现在完成时（主语+have/has+过去分词）的规则变化与特殊变形； ·时间标志词辨析：一般现在时(often,usually,every day等)、现在进行时(now,at present,look!等)、 现在完成时(already,yet,since,for等)的精准匹配； ·语境应用与区别：一般现在时表经常性习惯性动作或客观真理、现在进行时表此刻正在进行的动作、现 在完成时表过去发生并持续到现在或对现在造成影响的动作的语境判断与选择。 精讲精练 知识点一：基础时态：一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时 ·一股现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实） 一结构：主语+动词原形动词第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数时） -标志词：always,usually,oten,sometimes,every day/week等 -例句：I get up at6:00 every morning.(经常性动作)口She likes playing basketball.(第三人称单 数)The earth goes around the sun.(客观事实) ·现在进行时（表示正在进行的动作或现阶段正在发生的动作） 一结构：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式 -标志词：now,at the moment,look,listen等 -例句：口They are playing football on the playground now.(正在进行的动作)口Look!The bird is singing in the tree.(提示正在进行)I am reading a novel these days..(现阶段正在发生) ·现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作从过去持续到现在） -结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语为第三人称单数时用has) -标志词：already,yet,just,ever,never,since,for,so far等 -例句：口I have finished my homework.Now I can watch TV.(过去动作对现在的影响)口She has lived in Beijing for five years.(动作从过去持续到现在)口Have you ever been to Shanghai??(询问 经历) 【即学即练】 1.【时态判断】He(play)basketball every afternoon.应填入的正确形式是？ A.play B.plays C.is playing D.has played 2.【现在进行时】Look!The children_(run)on the playground.应填入的正确形式是：一 3.【现在完成时标志词】下列哪个词不能用于现在完成时？ A.since B.every day C.yet D.already 4.【语境应用】"The sun rises in the east.”该句使用一般现在时的原因是？ A.表示正在进行的动作 B.表示客观真理 C.表示过去的动作对现在的影响 D.表示现阶段的动作 5.【时态辨析】现在完成时强调动作 而一般现在时强调动作的 ·第一空：一（填“对现在的影响”或“经常性”） ·第二空：一（填“对现在的影响”或“经常性”） 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 ·一般过去时（过去特定时间发生的动作或状态，已结束） 1.时间标志词 -yesterday(昨天)、last night/week/month(昨晚/上周/上月)、in1998(在1998年)、three days ago(三天前)、just now(刚才) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+动词过去式（无人称和数的变化） -例句：口They visited the museum last Sunday..(动词visit的过去式为visited)I bought a new laptop yesterday.(动词buy的过去式为bought) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（主语为单数不可数名词用was,复数用were) -例句：口The museum was visited by them last Sunday..(主语单数，用was;isit的过去分词为 visited)口A new laptop was bought by me yesterday.(主语单数，用was;buy的过去分词为 bought) ·一般将来时（将来发生的动作或存在的状态，或计划、安排） 1.时间标志词 -tomorrow(明天)、next Monday/year(下周一明年)、in two days(两天后)、soon(很快)、in the future(在将来) 2.主动语态 -结构：D主语+will+动词原形·主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 -例句：口e will have a meeting tomorrow morning.(will+原形have)☐She is going to study abroad next year.(主语三单，用is going to+原形study) 3.被动语态 -结构：D主语+will be+动词过去分词D主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 -例句：口A meeting will be held by us tomorrow morning.(will be+hold的过去分词held)口A speech is going to be given by her next Friday..(is going to be+give的过去分词given) ·过去进行时（过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at9o'clock last night(昨晚9点)、this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、when+一般过去时句子 (如When the rain started)、while+过去进行时句子（如While I was reading) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语为单数/三单用was,复数用were) -例句：☐He was playing video games at9o'clock last night.(三单主语，用was+playing)口They were having dinner when the doorbell rang.(复数主语，用were+having;rang为一般过去时) 3.被动语态 一结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词(was/were表过去，being表进行，过去分词表被 动) -例句：口Video games were being played by him at9o'clock last night..(主语复数，用were being +play的过去分词played)口Dinner was being had by them when the doorbell rang.(主语单数， 用was being+have的过去分词had) ·过去完成时（过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”） 1.时间标志词 -by the end of last year(到去年年底为止)、before+过去时句子（如before she went to bed)、 when+一般过去时句子（如When we arrived)、already(用于肯定句，表“已完成"） 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无人称和数的变化，统一用had) -例句：She had finished her homework before her mother came back.(had+finish的过去分词 finished;came为一般过去时)口They had lived in Paris for10 years by2o20.(had+live的过 去分词lived) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been表过去完成时，过去分词表被动) -Her homework had been finished by her before her mother came back.(had been finish 的过去分词finished)口The project had been completed by them by the end of last month.(had been+complete的过去分词completed) 知识点三：情态动词 ·can could(能力、许可、推测) -基础用法拓展（高中必背）： *口表示能力（现在/过去）→例句：She can speak three languages..(现在能力)；I could swim when I was five.(过去能力) *口表示许可（☐语中可与may互换）→例句：Can I use your dictionary??(请求许可)；You can leave early today.(给予许可) *口表示推测（用于否定句/疑问句，可能性“可能不/会吗”）→例句：He can't be at home now.(否 定推测)；Can the news be true?(疑问推测) 一特殊结构搭配（高中易错）： *口can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：Ican't help laughing when I see his funny face. *口could have done(本可以做却未做，表虚拟)→例句：You could have passed the exam if you worked harder. ·may /might(许可、推测、请求) 一基础用法拓展（高中必背）： *口表示许可（较正式，否定用mustn't或can't)→例句：May I come in?(请求许可）；You may not park here.(禁止许可) *口表示推测（可能性低于can,“或许/可能”）→例句：She may be late for the meeting.(肯定推 测)；They might have finished the work.(对过去推测) *口表示请求（用于正式场合）→例句：May I borrow your pen? 一固定短语搭配（高中常考）： *口may as well do(不妨做)→例句：We may as well stay at home since it's raining. *口might as well do(和may as well用法一致，语气更委婉)→例句：You might as well tell her the truth. ·must/have to(必须、推测、义务) 一基础用法拓展（高中必背）： *口must表示主观必须（否定用needn't/don't have to)一，例句：I must study for the exam.(主观 义务)；You needn't come early.(否定无需) *口have to表示客观需要（有人称/时态变化）→例句：She has to take care of her sister.(第三人 称单数)；Ve had to walk home yesterday.(过去时) *口表示推测（用于肯定句，“一定/肯定”）→例句：He must be in the library.(对现在推测)；They must have arrived by now.(对过去推测) 一特殊结构搭配（高中易错）： *口mustn'tdo(禁止做，语气强于can't)→例句：You mustn't smoke in the hospital.. *口must have done(过去一定做过，表肯定推测)→例句：He must have forgotten the appointment. 必修1|英语|外研版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 考法一：被动语态转换 ·核心：根据主动语态句子的时态和主语，将其转换为正确的被动语态形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The workers built the bridge last year.-The bridge_(build)by the workers last year. 一答案：was built解析：主动句为一般过去时，被动语态结构为“主语+was/were+过去分词”；主语 the bridge是单数，用was,build的过去分词为buit。 ·真题2（单项选择）： People will hold a concert in the park next Sunday.-A concert_in the park next Sunday. A.will hold B.will be held C.is held D.was held -答案：B解析：主动句为一般将来时，被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held, 故选B。 考法二：被动语态与情态动词结合 ·核心：根据语境中情态动词的含义，判断是否需用被动语态，并正确使用“情态动词+be+过去分词” 结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： This difficult problem must_(solve)by the end of this week. -答案：be solved解析：由情态动词must可知后接动词原形，且problem与solve为被动关系，故用 “must be+过去分词”结构，solve的过去分词为solved。, ·真题2（单项选择）： Young trees-well when it is dry. A.must water B.must be watered C.have watered D.were watered -答案：B解析：trees与water为被动关系，需用被动语态，排除A、C;根据“when it is dry'”可知 为客观情况，用must表“必须”更符合语境，被动结构为“must be+过去分词”，water的过去分词 为watered,故选B。 考法三：时态、被动语态与情态动词的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断时态，运用情态动词表达推测或义务，同时掌握不同时态下被动语态的结构变化 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The meeting_because the manager is ill.We have to wait for his decision. A.must be canceled B.must cancel C.was canceled D.will cancel -答案：A解析：根据语境“经理生病”推测会议“必须被取消”，用情态动词must表义务，主语“the meeting”是动作承受者，需用被动语态，结构为“must be+过去分词”，cancel的过去分词为canceled。 ·真题2（语法填空）： This work_(finish)by next Friday,so we have to work hard. -答案：must be finished解析：由时间标志词“next Friday”和have to work hard”可知，此处表 “必须被完成”的义务，用情态动词must加被动语态，结构为“must be+过去分词”，finish的过去 分词为finished。 必修1|英语」外研版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（外研版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“amis/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“wibe”,情态被动“情态+be”; 最后加上一个done,综合运用不犯懵。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brother_basketball every afternoon,but he_now because it's raining. A.plays;doesn't play B.is playing;plays C.plays;isn't playing D.played;wasn't playing 2.By the time we arrived at the station,the train-already. A.has left B.had left C.will leave D.is leaving 3.A new library_in our school last year,and it-by students every day. A.built;visits B.was built;is visited C.is built;was visited D.builds;is visiting 4.You _smoke in the hospital-it's against the rules A.needn't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.mightn't 5.When I called her yesterday,she-dinner with her family. A.has B.had C.is having D.was having 6.This book__into five languages since it was published in 2010. A.translates B.translated C.has been translated D.was translated 7.-you ever-to the Great Wall? -Yes,I went there with my parents last summer. A.Have;been B.Did;go C.Will;go D.Are;going 8.The project_by the end of next month,so we have to hurry up. A.must complete B.must be completed C.will complete D.was completed 9.Shebe at home now-her car is still in the driveway. A.can't B.must C.might D.need 10.While Tom_TV,his sisterher homework last night. A.watched;did B.watches;does C.was watching;was doing D.is watching;is doing 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We usually_(have)breakfast at 7:00 a.m.,but today we_(eat)at 8:00 because my mom overslept. 2.The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday,and it_(send)to London this morning. 3.My parents_(live)in this city for 20 years.They_(move)here in 2003. 4.You _(not park)here-there's a "No Parking"sign over there. 5.Look!The children_(play)happily in the park.They_(play)for two hours already. 6.This problem_(solve)by our teacher tomorrow.She promised to help us. 7.When I was a child,I_(can)swim very well,but now I_(not swim)for years. 8.The meeting _(hold)in the hall next Monday.All staff_(attend)it. 9.He_(just finish)his homework.Now he_(watch)TV. 10.These books_(must return)to the library by Friday,or you-(pay)a fine. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year,I_(visit)a small village in the mountains.The village-(build)hundreds of years ago and still (keep)its traditional style.When I arrived,some old men_(sit)under a big tree,chatting and drinking tea.A group of children_(run)around,laughing loudly. 1 _(stay)there for three days.On the second day,I_(invite)to a local family's home for dinner.The food_(cook)by the grandmother,and it was delicious.She told me that the recipe_(pass)down from her mother. By the time l left,I_(make)many friends.The villagers(be)so kind that I promised to visit them again next year 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.B3.B4.B5.D6.C7.A8.B9.B10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.have;ate 2.was written;was sent 3.have lived;moved 4.mustn't/may not park 5.are playing;have played 6.will be solved 7.could;haven't swum 8.will be held;must attend 9.has just finished;is watching 10.must be returned;will have to pay 演练三：语法填空 1.visited 2.was built 3.keeps 4.were sitting 5.were running 6.stayed 7.was invited 8.was cooked 9.had been passed 10.had made 必修1|英语|外研版