2026年上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part E

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了考纲词汇E部分（471-553词），涵盖词汇释义、词性变化、常用词组、近反义词、经典例句及文化谚语等核心内容，构建从基础认知到考点应用的完整复习框架。 清单通过“星级标注”“名师点拨”“词形拓展”等特色设计呈现知识体系，如将easily标注为重点词，early的名师点拨明确6个同形形容词副词，either的主谓一致规则解析培养学生思维品质。融入“早睡早起”等谚语渗透文化意识，enjoy后接动名词的用法提示强化语言能力，易混词everyday与every day的辨析表提升学习效率，助力师生高效备考。

上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part E E 471.*each /i:t /adj.&pron. 每人;每个;每件 Each bird loves to hear itself sing.每只鸟都喜欢听自己唱歌。 We each have different needs and interests.我们每个人都有不同的需要和兴趣。 常用词组 each other 互相 近义 every 谚语 There is a saying that each age offers its own men of parts. 有句谚语:江山代有才人出。 472.eager/'ig /adj.渴望的,热切的 I am eager to do it.我极想做这件事。 473.ear /1 /n. 耳朵 Julia sang too terribly for me to believe my ears . =Julia sang so terribly that I couldn't believe my ears . 朱丽亚唱得太糟糕了,以至于我不相信我的耳朵。 474.*early /'s:li/adj. 早的 adv. 早地 The policeman asked Mary whether she always caught such an early train. 警察问玛丽她是否总是赶这样早的火车。 He did the work as quickly as he could so as to go back home early . 他尽快做工作,这样他可以早回家。 The more quickly he walks,the earlier he will get there. 他走得越快,到达那里就越早。 反义 late 谚语 There is a saying that early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 有句谚语:早睡早起会使人健康、富有、聪明。 名师点拨early是常考单词,常出现在词形变化练习中,所以学生一定要牢记中考考纲中 6个拼写同形的形容词和副词。它们是:early,fast,hard,high,late,straight。 475.*earth /3: /n. 地球;土,泥;大地 My brother studies in a university and he knows a lot about the Earth . 我的哥哥在大学学习,他知道很多关于地球的事情。 名师点拔 单指地球时要大写,表示其他意思不需要大写。 476.*earthquake /'s: kwerk/n. 地震 I was watching TV when the earthquake happened in Shanghai half a month ago. 半个月前上海发生地震,当时我正在看电视。 477.***easily /'i:zili/adv. 容易地 With the help of Yellow Pages,we found the address of the theatre easily . 在黄页的帮助下,我们很容易找到这家剧院的地址。 词形拓展 easy adj. 容易的;不费力的 478.*east /ist/adj. 东方的;东部的 n. 东;东方;东部 That is a bitter east wind. 一阵刺骨的东风。 There has been heavy rain in the east today.今天东边下了场大雨。 479.*easy /'i:zi/adj. 容易的;不费力的 Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in two days'time. 没有人认为在两天之内完成这么多工作是件容易的事。 近 义 simple 反义 difficult;hard 谚 语 There is a saying that easier said than done. 有句谚语:说起来容易做起来难。 480.eat /i:t/ (ate /et/, eaten /'it n/)v. 吃 It's selfish of Jim to eat the whole cake and it's necessary for us to think more of others. 吉姆真自私,吃了整个蛋糕。我们有必要多想想别人。 481.economy /i'kon mi/n. 经济 The plan of our country is based on a rising economy . 我国的计划建立在不断发展的经济基础上。 482.*education/edju:'kei n/n. 教育 His parents pay about 30,000 yuan for his college education in UK each year. 父母每年为他在英国的大学教育支付30000元左右。 词形拓展 educational adj.教育的 483.educational/iedju:'ker n l/adj.教育的 They hold readings,celebrations,book displays, educational events and other activities.他们举办读书会、庆祝、书展、教育事务和其他活动。 484.effect /'fekt/n. 效果 Parents have the greatest effect on their children's behaviour. 父母对孩子的行为有最深远的影响。 词形拓展 effective adj.产生预期结果的;有效的 485.effective /i'fektiv/adj. 产生预期结果的;有效的 I think one of the effective ways to improve memory is the link method. 我认为提高记忆力的有效方法之一是链接法。 486.*effort /'ef t/n. 精力,努力 Her success here depends upon effort and ability. 她在这里的成功靠的是努力和能力。 487.*egg /eg/n. 蛋;卵 She has an egg for breakfast every day,doesn’t she? 她每天早餐吃一个鸡蛋,不是吗? 488.*either /'aio /adj. 两方任一方的;二者之一的 pron. 二者之一;要么 …… adv. (用于否定句或短语后)也(不) You may use either printer.两台打印机中你可以随便用哪一台。 The new policy enables people to buy train tickets either from the station or on the Internet. 新政策使人们能够从火车站或在互联网上购买火车票。 Either of them will agree to this arrangement.他们两人都会同意这样的安排。 Mary,you can go to the museum either by bus or by underground. =Mary,you can go to the museum by bus.You can go there by underground,too. 玛丽,你可以乘公共汽车或者地铁去博物馆。 No one stayed at home, either .也没有一个人呆在家里。 名师点拨 either 是常考单词,常出现在主谓一致的练习中,所以学生一定要知道: either…or…,neither..nor…,not only…but also…,there be等词语在连接主语 时,谓语用单数还是用复数取决于or 或 nor 等词语后面的名词。 例如:Either Lily or Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home. 要么莉莉或者露西跟你一起去,因为其中一个必须呆在家里。 Either you or he is going. 要么你去,要么他去。 Neither I nor you are wrong. 我和你都没有错。 489.elder /'eld /adj.年龄较大的;前辈的 Is the girl in blue your elder sister? 穿蓝衣服的那个女孩是你的姐姐吗? 反义 younger 490.*electric/i'lektrik/adj.电的 If oil prices continue to rise,people will start driving electric cars. 如果油价持续上涨,人们就会开始驾驶电动汽车。 词形拓展 electricity n. 电 491.*electricity /ilek'tris ti/n. 电 When water moves from a high place to a lower place,it can make electricity . 当水从高处往低处流动时,它可以发电。 492.elementary /eli'mentori/adj. 初级的;基本的 The new laws deprived many people of the most elementary freedoms in that country. 在那个国家新法律剥夺了许多人的最基本的自由。 493.elephant /'elif nt/n. 大 象 I saw a baby elephant drinking. 我看见一只小象在喝水。 494.*else /els/adv. 另外,其他 Can you show me something else? 你可以给我看点别的吗? 495.*e-mail(email)/'i:meril/n.电子邮件 v. 发电子邮件 We communicate with each other in many ways,such as by e-mail or by phone. 我们用很多方式交流,比如通过电子邮件或打电话的方式。 With the help of the new technology,you can e-mail your friends by mobile phone. 在新技术的帮助下,你可以用手机给你的朋友发邮件。 496.embarrassed/m'b r st/adj. 局促不安的;为难的;尴尬的;窘迫的 He looked a bit embarrassed.他看起来有点尴尬。 497.emergency /i'm3:d onsi/ ( 复emergencies) n. 紧急情况;突发事件 The government is taking emergency action to deal with a housing crisis. 政府正采取紧急措施解决住房危机。 498.**empty /'empti/adj. 空的 Except for an old lady,the bus was empty . 那辆公共汽车上除了一位老妇之外空荡荡的。 反义 full 499.*enable/I'nerbl/v.使……能够,使……有能力 Computers enable us to do so many things quickly and conveniently. 电脑使我们能快速、方便地做这么多事情。 近 义 make…possible 500.encourage / n'k rid /v. 鼓励 The mother always encouraged her baby to stand up by himself when he fell over. 当婴儿摔倒时,母亲总是鼓励他自己站起来。 常用词组 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 501.*end /end/n. 末尾;终点;结束 v. 结束,终止 Kevin came from England.He had lived in Shanghai for ten years by the end of last year. 凯文来自英格兰。到去年年底,他在上海已经生活了10年。 How does the film end up?这部电影是怎么结尾的? Ted told us a funny story,but he forgot the ending himself. 特德告诉我们一个有趣的故事,但他自己却忘了故事的结尾。 常用词组 at the end of 在……结束的时候 in the end 最后;终于 反 义 beginning;begin;start 502.*enemy /'en mi/ ( 复 enemies) n. 敌人;敌军 I don't know why a successful person often has many enemies . 我不知道为什么一个成功的人往往有许多敌人。 反义 friend 503.*energy /'en d31/n.精力;能量 He brought new energy to the science department.他为科学部门带来了新的活力。 504.*engine /'end in/n. 发动机,引擎 The engine seems to need piles of oil.这种发动机似乎需要很多油。 词形拓展 engineer n.工程师;技师 505.*engineer /end i'nr /n. 工程师;技师 My father has worked as an engineer in the factory for several years. 我的父亲作为一名工程师在这家工厂已经工作几年了。 506.*England /'ingl nd/n. 英格兰 Do you use chopsticks in England? 在英格兰你们用筷子吗? 507.*English /'ngli /adj. 英国的;英国人的;英语的 n. 英语;英国人 The foreign teachers in our school are mainly from some English speaking countries. 我校的外籍教师主要来自一些讲英语的国家。 By the end of last term,we had learned English for four years. 到上学期结束时,我们已经学了4年英语。 常用词组 in English用英语 508.***enjoy /in'd3 I/v. 欣赏;享受;喜欢 Enjoy yourselves at the party,boys and girls.孩子们,聚会上尽情地玩吧。 Billy said he enjoyed reading magazines at the beginning of his speech. 比利在演讲开始时说他喜欢读杂志。 K 词形拓展 enjoyable adj. 使人愉快的;使人欢乐的 T 常用词组 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 名师点拨 enjoy 是常考单词,其后面一定要跟动名词。同时要牢记以下这些动词和 动词词组,其后面也一定要跟动名词: enjoy,deny,finish,keep,practise,mind,prefer,spend,be busy,be worth, be good at,be/get used to,feel like,give up,do well in,pay attention to,what about,how about,look forward to,keep/stop/prevent sb.from 509.*enjoyable / n'd3 robl/adj. 使人愉快的;使人欢乐的 We hope you had an enjoyable holiday. 我们希望您度过一个愉快的假期。 I like this piece of music quite a lot.It's enjoyable . 我相当喜欢这首音乐。它使人愉悦。 510.*enough /i'n f/adj.足够的;充分的 adv. 足够地;充分地 n. 足够;充足 Of the two pairs of jeans,I chose the less expensive one because I hadn't enough money on me. 两条牛仔裤中,我选择了更便宜的一条,因为我带的钱不够。 Lin Dan played badminton well enough to win the Thomas Cup again. 林丹羽毛球打得很好,足以再次赢得汤姆斯杯。 She was lucky enough to win the game.=She was so lucky that she won the game. 她很幸运,赢得了比赛。 I think I have said enough .我想我已经说得够多了。 511.*enrich/n'rit /v. 使……丰富 Sandy likes drawing very much and she believes it can enrich her whole life. 桑迪非常喜欢绘画,她相信绘画可以丰富她的整个人生。 词形拓展 rich adj. 富有的;有钱的;味道浓的;重油的 512.*enter /'ent /v. 进入;参加 Dick would rather enter a vocational school than a high school. 迪克宁愿进职业学校也不愿进入高中。 词形拓展 entrance n.入口;入场 513.entertainment /ient 'teinm nt/n. 娱乐;消遣;款待 Television provides universal entertainment .电视提供大众化的娱乐。 514.*entrance /'entr ns/n. 入口;入场 David will meet his friend Martin at the entrance to the museum. 大卫将在博物馆的入口处与他的朋友马丁碰头。 反义 exit 515.envelope /'env l up/n. 信封 Can I use this envelope ? 我可以用这个信封吗? 516.**environment /in'varo r nm nt/n. 环境 Please tell us what to do to protect our environment . 请告诉我们应该做什么来保护我们的环境。 517.equal /'i:kwal/adj. 平等的 v. 等于 We do business with all countries,big or small,on equal basis. 我们同所有国家做生意,无论大国小国,都一视同仁。 Nine percent interest less seven percent inflation equals two percent. 9%的利息减去7%的通货膨胀等于2%。 518.escape /i'ske p/n.&v. 逃跑;逃脱 I read love stories as an escape from reality.我阅读爱情小说以逃避现实。 Do you know whether the Chinese seamen managed to escape from the pirates? 你知道中国船员是否已经设法摆脱了海盗? 5 常用词组 escape from 从……逃跑 519.*especially /i'spefali/adv. 特别,尤其 Their ideas still influence us today, especially in the arts,science,literature and philosophy.今天,他们的想法仍然影响着我们,尤其是在艺术、科学、文学和哲学方面。 520.Europe /'ju r p/n.欧洲 Most students have not been to Europe ,have they? 大多数学生都没有去过欧洲,是吗? 521.*eve /iv/n. (节日的)前夜,前夕 People like to go out on New Year's Eve .人们喜欢新年前一天出门。 522.*even /'izvan/adv. 甚至;连(……都);更 We hope we can cooperate even more closely in the future. 希望我们今后能更加密切地合作。 名师点拨 even 是常考单词,所以学生一定要掌握以下这些词语的用法: even,much,far,still,a bit,a little,a lot 等词语可以修饰比较级,如:a bit bigger,much better,far more useful,even earlier,still greater,a little longer。 例如:Don't you think traveling by train is much cheaper and far more enjoyable than a trip by air?你不认为坐火车旅行比坐飞机旅行更便宜、更愉快吗? 523.evening /'ivni /n. 傍晚;晚上 What an amazing performance the boy gave in China's Got Talent yesterday evening ! 这个男孩在昨天晚上的“中国达人秀”上的表演多么精彩啊! 524.event /'vent/n. 事件;大事;比赛项目 Call the police in the event of an emergency. 若发生紧急情况就打电话报警。 525.*ever /'ev /adv. 曾经;无论何时 Both my husband and I think it is the most amusing story we have ever heard. 我丈夫和我都认为这是我们听到过的最有趣的故事。 526.*every /'evri/adj. 每一;每个 We don't have sports after school every day.我们不是每天放学后都去运动的。 近义 each 527.everybody /'evribpdi// *everyone /'evriwan/pron. 每人,人人 If everyone takes a bus instead of driving a car,there will be less air pollution. 如果每个人都坐公共汽车而不是驾驶汽车,空气污染将会更少。 Please speak louder,so that everybody in the hall can hear you clearly. 请大声点说,让在大厅里的每个人都听清楚。 谚语 There is a saying that if everyone gives a love to each other,the world will become much more beautiful. 有句谚语:如果人人都献出一点爱,世界将会更美好。 528.everyday /'evridei/adj. 每日的;日常的 These are my everyday shoes,not my best ones. 这些是我平常穿的鞋,不是最好的鞋。 名师点拨 everyday 是常考单词,学生 一 定要掌握 everyday 和 every day 的用法 区 别 : everyday是形容词,意思是“每天的,日常的”。 every day 是表示时间的短语,作状语,意思是“每天”。 例如:Computers are part of everyday life. 电脑是日常生活的一部分。 Such things do not happen every day.这种事情不是每天都会发生的。 You can improve your English by reading English newspapers every day. 通过每天阅读英文报纸,你可以提高英语水平。 529.**everything/'evri /pron.每件事;事事 Kevin is so independent that he always tries to do everything by himself. 凯文是如此独立,以至于他总是设法自己去做每一件事。 530.everywhere/'evrihwe /adv. 到处 Where have you been?I looked everywhere for you.你去哪儿了?我到处找你。 近义 here and there 531.*exactly/g'z ktli/adv. 确切地;(表示赞同的回答)确实如此 What are you busy with exactly? 那你究竟在忙什么? 532.*exam/Ig'z m/(=examination/Igiz mi'ne n/)n. 考试,测试;检查 After we pass the exams,we will celebrate by having a party next week. 我们通过考试后,下周将举办个派对庆祝一下。 词形拓展 examine v. 检查;细查;对……进行考试 533.*examine/Ig'z min/v. 检查;细查;对……进行考试 The officers at the airport examine every traveler's passport carefully. 机场工作人员仔细检查每一个旅客的护照。 534.*example /ig'za:mpl/n.例子;榜样 I don’t quite understand what you said.Would you please give us another example? 我不明白你说什么。请给我们另外举一个例子好吗? 常用词组 for example例如 535.excellent /'eks l nt/adj.极好的,优秀的 An excellent story is the key to making a successful film. 一个优秀的故事是拍一部成功电影的关键。 近义 outstanding 536.except/ik'sept/prep.除……之外 I think no one can help me except you. 我想除了你之外没有人能帮助我。 Everyone in our class has brought his dictionary to class except me. 除了我以外,我们班上每个人都带词典到教室。 名师点拨except是常考单词,所以学生一定要掌握besides,except,except for之间 的用法区别: besides作“除……之外”时,则表示“另外附加”的含义,相当于“加法”。 except用于表示同类事物之间的关系,其意为“除……以外”、“除去”。常用在all, whole,any,every,no,anything,anybody,anyone,everything,everybody, everyone等词之后,相当于“减法”。 except for不表示同类事物之间的关系,for后面的词,往往是补充说明主语的某 个方面。可以理解成有点“美中不足”的意思,肯定了一个事物的大部分属性, 只否定其中的一小部分。 例如:Jack also went fishing besides Tom.除了汤姆,杰克也去钓鱼了。 We all went fishing except Tom.除了汤姆,我们都去钓鱼了。 The article is excellent,except for a few grammar mistakes. 这篇文章很好,除了有点语法错误。(语法错误和文章不是同类事物) Smith is a good man,except for his bad temper. 史密斯是个好人,就是脾气不好。 537.exchange /iks'tfernd /n. 交换;交流 The Italian exchange student was thankful to the host for his care and help. 意大利的交换学生感谢接待方对他的关心和帮助。 538.*excited /ik'sartid/adj. 兴奋的 Jack won the second prize in the school reading contest and he felt very excited . 杰克在学校的朗诵比赛中获得二等奖,他感到非常兴奋。 词形拓展 exciting adj. 使人兴奋的 excite v.兴奋 539.*exciting /k'sart /adj. 使人兴奋的 How exciting it is to travel around the world by bike! 骑自行车环游世界,这是多么令人兴奋啊! 540.*excuse/ik'skju:z/v. 原谅;宽恕 n. 借口;辩解 Excuse me,what time is it now? 对不起,请问现在几点了? There's no excuse for behavior like that. 别为那样的行为找借口。 541.*exercise /'eks saiz/n. 锻炼;做操;练习;习题 v.锻炼;运用 To keep fit,we should get rid of unhealthy eating habits and do more exercise . 为了强身健体,我们应该摒弃不健康的饮食习惯,多做运动。 You should exercise more. 你应该多多锻炼。 名师点拨 exercise 是常考单词,它既是可数名词,也是不可数名词,所以学生一定要 掌握其用法: 1)exercise 表示“体育锻炼,训练,运动”的时候,它是不可数名词。 例如:I walk to work every day because it is good exercise . 我每天步行上班,因为那是很好的运动。 Swimming is one of the healthiest forms of exercise . 游泳是最有益于健康的运动方式之一。 Do more exercise every day and you'll be stronger than before. 每天做更多的运动,你会比以前更强壮。 2)exercise 表示“做操”或“练习(题)”的时候,它是可数名词,要用复数形式。 例如:We won’t do morning exercises if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我们就不做早操。 We do English exercises to help us learn good English. 我们做英文练习是为了学好英语。 He is doing an exercise in English grammar.他在做英语语法练习。 542.exhibition /eksi'bi an/n. 展览;展览会 Although it was getting dark,many people were still waiting outside Shanghai Museum to visit the exhibition. 虽然天渐渐黑了,不过上海博物馆外还有许多人等 着参观展览。 543.exist /Ig'zist/v. 存 在 Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗? 544.exit /'eksit/n. 出口,通道 vi. 离别;退出 The customer starts walking to the exit nearest where he parked. 顾客开始走向距离他的停车点最近的出口。 At the end of the third scene the actress exits .这位女演员于第三场结束时退场。 反义 entrance 545.*expect /k'spekt/v. 预料;期待;认为 Ben and Lily have one child and they are expecting the second one in July. 本和莉莉有一个孩子,他们预计7月份生二胎。 名师点拨 expect 是常考单词,常出现在保持句意基本不变的句型转换练习中,所以 学生一定要知道:expect 与 look forward to 意思相同,在句中可以互换。 例如:I'm expecting to receive a letter from you. =I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 我期待收到你的来信。 546.***expensive /ik'spensiv/adj. 昂贵的 This beautiful skirt is as expensive as that red scarf. =This beautiful skirt is the same price as that red scarf. 这条漂亮的裙子和那条红色的围巾一样贵。 近义 dear 反 义 cheap 547.***experience /ik'spr ri ns/n. 经验;经历 We should never be satisfied with a little book knowledge.We also need practical experience .我们永远都不应该只满足于一点书本知识,还需要有实践经验。 The experience in Australia in July was truly unforgettable. 7月份在澳大利亚的经历确实难忘。 谚 语 There is a saying that experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother. 有句谚语:经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。 名师点拔 experience 是常考单词,所以学生一定要知道 experience 作“经验”解时, 是不可数的;作“经历”解时,是可数的。 例如:He has a lot of experience in the rearch. 在这项研究上他很有经验。 He has a lot of experiences of travelling.他有很多旅游的经历。 548.experiment /ik'sperim nt/n. 实验 Now the good method is widely used in the experiments . 现在这个好方法正广泛应用在实验中。 It is better to learn how to do the experiment right now. 现在最好立刻学习如何做实验。 549.explore /ik'spl :/v. 探索;探测 Byrd explored the region around the South Pole.伯德探测了南极地带。 550.*explain /1k'splern/v. 解释;说明 Do I really have to explain this? 我真的需要对此做出解释吗? 551.express /ik'spres/v. 表达;表示 n. 快车 Language is how you express yourself and your culture. 语言是表达自我和表达自身文化的方式。 He had boarded an express for Rome.他已经登上了前往罗马的特快列车。 552.extra /'ekstr /adv. 特别地;非常;另外 adj. 额外的 He said,“I feel extra convicted with the passing of Michael Jackson.” 他说:“对于迈克 杰克逊的去世,我特别地感到有负罪感。” What should we do with this extra income? 我们应该如何处理这些额外的收入呢? 553.*eye /a /n. 眼睛 Reading can open up my eyes to the outside world.And books are like teachers that introduce different countries to me.读书能够开拓我的视野,并且,书也像老师 一样把不同的国家介绍给我。 7220 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $