2026年上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part D

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦上海市考纲D部分词汇，覆盖中考核心的词性辨析、固定搭配、词形转换及语境运用考点，以“释义-例句-拓展-辨析”架构系统梳理词汇网络，通过名师点拨（如delay=put off）、词形拓展（如danger→dangerous）和语境化例句训练，帮助学生突破用法难点。 亮点在于“考点直击”策略，如针对deny后接动名词这一中考高频考点，结合真题例句及名师点拨强化记忆，培养学生的语言能力和学习能力。设置近反义辨析（如dangerous与safe）和谚语积累（如“世上无难事”），配合分层例句适配不同学生，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，有效提升学生词汇运用及应考能力。

上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part D D 380.dad /dæd/n. (口语)爸爸 How do you feel,Dad ? 爸爸，你感觉怎么样? 381.daily /'derli/adj. 每日的；日常的 adv. 每天 n. 日 报 He does daily exercises to help control his weight.他为控制体重，每天坚持锻炼。 The Visitor Centre is open daily from 8:30 a.m.to 4:30 p.m. 游客中心每天上午8:30至下午4:30开放。 China Daily《中国日报》 近 义 everyday 382.*damage /'dæmidʒ/n.&v. 破坏；损害 The dangers of the forest fires kill many plants and animals in an eco-system so they cause damage to a forest. 森林火灾的危险是烧死生态系统中的许多动物和植 物，所以会给森林带来毁灭性破坏。 He damaged a car with a baseball bat. 他用棒球棍损坏了一辆汽车。 383.***dance /da:ns/n.&v. 跳舞 I enjoy the popular dance “hip-hop”,but neither my father nor my mother likes it. 我喜欢流行的“嘻哈”舞蹈，但我父亲和母亲都不喜欢。 It was unusual for such old people to dance Swan Lake in China's Got Talent. 在“中国达人秀”的舞台上，对于这个年纪的老年人来说跳《天鹅湖》舞是不寻常的。 词形拓展 dancer n. 跳舞者，舞蹈演员 384.dancer /'da:nsə/n. 跳舞者，舞蹈演员 She is the best dancer in Shanghai. 她是上海最好的舞蹈演员。 385.*danger /'deind3ə/n. 危险 Now more and more people are aware of the danger of driving after drinking alcohol. 现在，越来越多的人都意识到酒驾的危险。 词形拓展 dangerous adj. 危险的 dangerously adv.危险地 常用词组 in danger 处于危险中 近 义 risk 反 义 safety 386.dangerous /'deɪndʒərəs/adj.危险的 The road is now less dangerous for walkers because it was widened last month. 上个月这条路的路面加宽了，现在对行人来说不那么危险了。 反义 safe 387.dare /deə/aux.v.&v. (作情态动词时，后接不带 to的不定式；主要用于疑问、否定或条 件句)敢，敢于 He dare not speak to her.他不敢和她说话。 He didn't dare to speak to her.他不敢和她说话。 388.*dark /da:k/n. 黑暗；暗处；深色 adj. 黑暗的；暗淡的；深色的 There is too much dark in this painting.这幅画颜色太暗。 That was a dark ,moonless night. 那是一个黑暗的、无月光的夜晚。 反义 bright;light 389.*date /deit/n. 日期；约会 March 6 is the date of his death.他 去 世 的 日 期 是 3 月 6 日 。 390.*daughter /'dɔ:tə/n. 女 儿 Kathy was delighted to find that her daughter had cleaned the room by herself. 凯茜很高兴地发现，她的女儿已经自己打扫了房间。 391.*day /dei/n. (一)天，(一)日；白天 Let's enjoy the days with our classmates.We will finish our junior high school in two months. 让我们好好享受和同班同学在一起的日子。我们将在两个月内完成初中 学业。 The days are getting longer in summer.夏天，白昼变长了。 反 义 night 392.*dead /ded/adj. 死的；无生命的 Qingming Festival is an important Chinese festival to remember people's dead relatives. 清明节是中国的一个重要节日，是缅怀已故亲属的节日。 词形拓展 die v. 死 death n.死 亡 反 义 alive;live;living 393.deal /di:l/ (dealt /delt/, dealt) v. 对付；分配，分给；给予；经营 n. 交 易 How will you deal with these things?你将如何处理这些事情? We lost a lot of money on that deal .我们在那笔交易中亏损了许多钱。 常用词组 deal with 处理 394.dear /drə/adj. 亲爱的；贵的 He lost everything that was dear to him.他失去了他所珍惜的一切。 近 义 expensive 反 义 cheap 395.*death /deθ/n. 死 亡 Steve Jobs'death made the fans of Apple from all over the world very sad. 史蒂夫 ·乔布斯的去世使得全世界的苹果迷都很伤心。 396.*debate /dr'bert/v.&n. 争论，辩论；讨论 We're debating what to do next.我们正在讨论下一步该做什么。 There is a general debate nowadays about the prices of housing problems. 目前，针对房价问题存在普遍的争论。 397.December /dɪ'sembə/n. 十二月 What a coincidence!Alice's birthday is on the ninth of December just as mine. 真是太巧了!爱丽丝的生日和我一样是12月9日。 398.**decide/dr'sard/v.决定；下决心 We've decided to decorate our new flat by ourselves this weekend. 我们已经决定本周末自己来装饰我们的新房子。 Mr.Chen hasn't decided what to do next. 陈先生尚未决定下一步要做什么。 词形拓展 decision n.决定；决心 近义 make up one's mind 399.*decision /dr'si3on/n. 决定；决心 For many students,choosing a job is the most important life decision they must make at school. 对于很多学生来说，择业是他们在学校必须做的最重要的人生决定。 常用词组 make a decision作出决定 400.decorate /'dekəreit/v. 装饰 My mother likes to decorate rooms with flowers. 我妈妈喜欢用花装饰房间。 401.*deep /di:p/adj. 深 的 The river is not deep ,we can walk through it.这河不深，我们可以涉水过去。 词形拓展 depth n.深(度) 402.degree /dr'gri:/n. 程度；度数；学位 It's at 10 degrees centigrade.气温是10℃。 I have already got my master's degree of Education. 我已经获得了教育硕士学位。 403.*delay /dɪ'lei/v.&n. 拖延，延误，延期 It is getting late,don't delay.时间已晚，不要耽搁了。 His delay made the teacher angry.他的迟到使老师生气了。 名师点拨 dela y 是常考单词，所以学生一定要知道：delay =put off “延期”。 404.delicious /dr'liʃəs/adj. 美味的，可口的 —Thank you for your delicious dinner,Tony. —I’m glad that you enjoyed it. — —谢谢您美味的晚餐，托尼。 ——我很高兴你喜欢它。 近义 tasty 405.deliver /dr'livə/v. 投递(信件、邮包等);传送 Will you take the goods with you or shall we deliver them to your house? 你随身带走货物还是我们把货物送到你家? 406.dentist /'dentist/n. 牙科医生 I have got a toothache,so I must go to a dentist.我牙疼，必须去看牙医。 407.*deny /di'nai/v. 否认，否定 Although the police had got many clues,the thief still wanted to deny stealing the car. 虽然警方已经掌握了许多线索，小偷仍想抵赖偷车。 名师点拔 de ny 是常考单词，所以学生一定要掌握其用法：deny 后面跟动名词。 408.departure /di'pa:tʃə(r)/n. 离 开 Within ninety minutes the ship was ready for departure .90 分钟之内轮船准备出发。 409.depend /di'pend/v. 依靠，依赖；取决于 Don't depend too much on your parents.Try to deal with problems yourself. 不要太依赖你的父母。尝试自己去处理问题。 词形拓展 dependent adj. 依靠的 independent adj.独立的；有主见的 常用词组 depend on依靠，依赖 410.*describe /dr'skrarb/v. 描写，叙述 About three-fifths of the students in our class can describe that place in English. 在我们班大约有3/5的学生可以用英语描述那个地方。 411.deserve /di'z3:v/v. 应得；应受 He deserves a reward for his efforts.他积极努力，应受奖赏。 412.design /dɪ'zain/v.设计；策划 A new car has been designed for the Auto Exhibition in Beijing. 一款新型的汽车已为北京车展而设计出来。 413.desire/dr'zarə/n.愿望；欲望 v. 渴望；热切希望 She has a desire of climbing mountains. 她想去爬山。 We all desire happiness and health. 我们都渴望得到幸福和健康。 414.*desk /desk/n. 书桌，写字台 The orange on the desk is for you,David. 桌上的橙子是给你的，大卫。 415.destroy /di'strɔi/v. 破坏，毁坏 Hundreds of buildings in that area were destroyed by the terrible flood. 那个地区有数以百计的建筑物毁于洪水。 416.detail /'di:terl/n. 细节 If you're interested in the job,I'll send you all the details . 如果你对这份工作感兴趣，我将寄给你所有详细说明。 417.detective /dr'tektiv/adj. 侦探的 n. 侦探 Pansy didn't read many detective stories.潘西看过的侦探小说不多。 The detective found that the young man took part in many bank robberies. 这个侦探发现那个年轻人参与过多次银行抢劫。 418.**develop /di'veləp/v. 发展；开发，培养 We must do our best to develop the national economy.我们必须努力发展国民经济。 词形拓展 developed adj.发达的 developing adj. 发展中的 development n. 发展 419.**development /di'veləpmənt/n. 发展 With the development of economy,our life is getting better and better. 随着经济的发展，我们的生活越来越好。 420.dial /'darol/v. 拨电话号码 Do you often dial home? 你常给家里打电话吗? 421.dialogue /'darolpg/ ( 美dialog) n. 对话 They had long dialogues.他们进行了长时间的对话。 422.diary /'darəri/ ( 复 diaries) n. 日记；日记簿 The teacher asked her students to keep an English diary every day. 老师要求她的学生每天写一篇英语日记。 常用词组 keep a diary 记日记 423.*dictionary /'dikʃənəri/( 复dictionaries) n. 词典，字典 You'd better look it up in the dictionary .你最好查一下词典。 424.*die /dai/v. 死 When we die for the people,it is a worthy death.我们为人民而死，就是死得其所。 常用词组 die of因…… (病)而死 反义 live 425.*diet/'darət/n.饮食；食谱；食物 If you want to memorize things better,you'd better have a healthier diet . 要想记性好一点，你最好吃得健康点。 常用词组 go on a diet 实行节食 426.*difference /'difərəns/n. 不同 The mother can easily tell the difference between the twins. 母亲很容易区分这对双胞胎。 词形拓展 different adj.不同的，有差异的 427.*different /'difərənt/adj. 不同的，有差异的 My new computer is different from yours.我的新电脑与你的不同。 常用词组 be different from 与……不同 反义 same 428.***difficult /'difikəlt/adj. 困难的；费力的 It was difficult for human beings to predict weather in the past. 在过去人们很难预测天气。 百 词形拓展 difficulty n. 困难 反义 easy 谚语 There is a saying that nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 有句谚语：世上无难事，只要肯登攀。 429.*difficulty /'difikalti/( 复difficulties) n. 困难 I had no difficulty in getting in touch with him.我和他取得联系没有什么困难。 430.dig /drg/ (dug /dʌg/, dug) v. 挖，掘 They dug a hole.他们挖了一个坑。 431.dinner /'dinə/n. 正 餐 I haven't had dinner yet. 我还没有吃饭呢。 Nick was having dinner when I visited him. 当我去拜访尼克的时候，他正在吃饭。 432.*direction /dr'rekʃən/n. 方向；趋势；用法说明 On your way to success,you must keep your direction . 在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。 百 词形拓展 direct adj.直接的 directly adv.直接地 director n.导演 433.*directly /dr'rektli/adv. 直接地 But even if some don't ask it directly ,you can feel it. 即使一些人没有直接问出来，你仍然能够感觉到。 434.*director /dr'rektə/n. 导演 Tim wants to be a great director like Zhang Yimou when he grows up. 蒂姆希望他长大后，能像张艺谋一样成为一名大导演。 435.**dirty /'d3:ti/adj. 脏的 Even in the dirtiest weather,they were driven to go out to sea. 即使是最恶劣的天气，他们也被迫出海。 436.disabled /dis'erbld/n. 残疾人士；伤残者 adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的；无能力的 It is our bounden duty to help the disabled .帮助残疾人士是我们义不容辞的责任。 Some voluntary organizations run workshops for disabled people. 一些志愿组织为残疾人士开办作坊。 437.disadvantage /idisəd'va:ntidʒ/n. 不利，劣势；短处 The children from poor families were at a distinct disadvantage . 来自贫困家庭的孩子们处于明显的不利地位。 438.***disappear/idisə'prə(r)/v. 消失，不见 Some rainforests are likely to disappear if we don't take action to protect them. 一些热带雨林，如果我们不采取行动进行保护，它们有可能就会消失。 The black car drove away from them and disappeared . 那辆黑色轿车驶离了他们的视线，不见了。 439.disappointed /disə'pɔintid/adj. 失望的，沮丧的 He was disappointed at the result.他对这样的结果感到失望。 K 词形拓展 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 440.**disaster /dr'za:stə/n. 灾难；灾祸 These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the environment immediately. 这些自然灾害警示我们，每个人都应该行动起来保护环境。 441.*discover /dis'kʌvə/v. 发现；看出 A good education will help you discover and develop your talents. 良好的教育，将有助于你发现和发挥你的才华。 442.*discuss /dis'kʌs/v. 讨论，议论 All your suggestions willbe discussed carefully before we come to a decision. 在我们做决定之前，您的建议将会被仔细地讨论。 词形拓展 discussion n.讨论 443.*discussion /dis'kʌʃən/n. 讨论 He never contributes to the discussion.他在讨论时从不发表意见。 444.*dish /dɪʃ/ ( 复dishes) n. 盘，碟；盘装菜；盘形物 Please remember to bring your dishes and cakes to Tom's birthday party. 去汤姆生日聚会，请记得带上你的菜和蛋糕。 445.***dishonest /dis'pnist/adj. 不诚实的，欺骗性的 Jack is a dishonest boy.He often tells lies and no one in our class likes him. 杰克是一个不诚实的男孩。他经常撒谎，我们班没有人喜欢他。 446.***dislike /drs'laɪk/vt. 不喜欢；厌恶 We like him personally,but dislike his way of living. 我们喜欢他这个人，但不喜欢他的生活方式。 反 义 like 447.distance /'distəns/n. 距离 I have walked half the distance.我走了一半的距离。 448.disturb /dr'sts:b/v. 扰乱；打扰 We do not want to disturb what we have got.我们不想打乱我们现有的东西。 449.*divide/dr'vaid/v.分，划分；(算数用语)除 By the end of fifth grade,they should be able to multiply and divide . 到五年级结束，他们应该有能力计算乘法和除法。 450.*do /du:/ (did /did/, done /dan/)v.&aux.v. 做，干(用以构成疑问句及否定句；第 三人称单数现在时用does) Tom very soon decided what he would do next(= what to do next). 汤姆很快决定下一步他会做什么。 I’m sure that you will do well in your interviews. 我相信你在采访中会做得很好。 Do you remember getting some medicine for her last week? 你还记得上星期给她买药的事吗? 常用词组 do harm to 对……有害；损害 do one's best 尽最大努力 do sb.a favour 帮某人忙 do some shopping买东西 谚语 There is a saying that never do things by halves. 有句谚语：凡事不要半途而废。 451.*doctor /'doktə/n. 医生 The doctor told my grandpa not to eat too much fat. 医生告诉我的爷爷，不要吃太多的脂肪。 452.dog /dog/n. 狗 The clever dog can open the gate of the garden by itself. 这条聪明的狗自己能打开花园的门。 453.*dollar /'dolə/n. 元(美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国货币单位) Let me change the dollar bill for coins. 让我把这张美元纸钞换成硬币。 454.*door /dɔ:/n. 门；通道 Do you know the man over there by the door? 你知道站在门边的那个男人是谁吗? 455.double /'dʌbl/adj. 两倍的；双的 We cannot pay double (of)this amount.我们不能付双倍的数目。 456.*down /daun/prep. 沿着，沿……而下adv. 向 下 We’re going down a mountain.我们正在下山。 Danny put down his glass.丹尼放下他的玻璃杯。 反义 up 457.download /'daunləud/v. 下载 You can also use the interface to download ,copy,or delete objects. 您还可以使用界面来下载、复制或删除对象。 458.downstairs /'daun'steaz/adv. 在楼下；到楼下 Are the children downstairs? 孩子们在楼下吗? 反 义 upstairs 459.*draw /drɔ:/ (drew /dru:/, drawn /drɔ:n/)v. 绘画；绘制；拉，拖 He drew pictures worse than me.=He didn't draw pictures as well as I. 他画得比我更糟糕。 460.*dream/drim/(dreamt/dremt/,dreamt 或 dreamed/drimd/,dreamed) n.&v. 梦；梦想 Hard work pays off.I believe you will enter your dream school. 努力学习是有回报的。我相信你会考入你梦想中的学校。 Many young people dream of becoming top models. 许多年轻人梦想成为顶级模特儿。 常用词组 dream of 想到 461.dress /dres/n. 女装，连衣裙；(统指)服装；童装 v. 穿衣；穿着 —You look so beautiful in your new dress . —Thank you. ——你穿这条新裙子看起来真漂亮。 ——谢谢。 Mother bought a nice dress the day before yesterday,and now she is dressing herself. 母亲前天买了一条漂亮的连衣裙，现在她正在穿。 常用词组 dress up(穿着)打扮 462.drink /driŋk/ (drank /dræŋk/, drunk /drʌnk/)v. 喝；饮 n. 饮料；喝酒 Drinking too much fruit juice can be harmful to children's teeth. 喝太多果汁对孩子的牙齿有害。 Coca-cola is a soft drink .可口可乐是一种软性饮料。 463.*drive /draiv/ (drove /drəuv/, driven /'drivən/)v. 驾驶，开(车);驱赶 If I fail the driving test,I will have another try. 如果我驾驶考试失败了，我会再试一次。 词形拓展 driver n. 司机，驾驶员 464.***driver /'draivə/n. 司机，驾驶员 Drivers must obey the traffic rules at any time when they are driving. 司机在任何时候驾驶，都必须遵守交通规则。 465.drop /drpp/n. 滴 v. 掉下，落下；扔掉；放弃 Even a drop of water mustn't be wasted because it is so important to all the living things.即使是一滴水也不能浪费，因为水对所有生命是如此重要。 Temperatures can drop to freezing at night. 晚上气温能降到零度以下。 466.dry /drai/adj. 干的；干燥的 The medicine must be kept in cool and dry place.药必须存放在干燥阴凉的地方。 467.duck /dʌk/n. 鸭子 Yellow is the colour of a duck .黄色是鸭子的颜色。 468.dull /dʌl/adj. 单调无味的 Art is not as important as life,but life without art is dull . 艺术远远没有生命重要，但是没有艺术的生活是多么乏味呀! 近 义 boring 反 义 interesting 469.*during /'djuəri/prep. 在……的期间；在……过程中 Kitty said she enjoyed herself during he summer holiday. 凯蒂说在暑假期间她过得很开心。 470.duty /'dju:ti/ (复duties)n. 责任 Inside I saw the head nurse,who said Miss Barkley was on duty . 我在里面见到护士长，她说巴克莱小姐现在值班。 6118 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $