2026年上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part B

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了上海市考纲B开头核心词汇（116-229号），按词性、释义、用法分层组织，涵盖基础词义、词形拓展、固定搭配及易混词辨析等核心范畴，构建了从词汇理解到应用的复习框架。 清单采用星级分级标注（*基础**拓展***核心）和“名师点拨”模块突出重点，如标注“because”为核心词汇并提示“because后接句子与because of后接名词的区别”，对比“beat与hit”用法培养思维品质。设计“词形拓展链”（如build→building→rebuild）和“语境例句”，助力学生提升语言能力与自主学习效率，为教师教学提供清晰重难点指引。

上海市初中英语考纲词汇用法手册 part B B 116.baby /'berbi/( 复 babies) n. 婴儿 Please walk as gently as possible because her two babies are sleeping in the room. 走路时请尽量轻一点，因为她的两个孩子正在房间里睡觉。 117.*back /bæk/adv. 回(原处);向后 n. 背后；后部；背 —I'm terribly sorry.I didn't call you back as soon as possible. —That's all right. ——很抱歉。我没有尽快给你回电话。 — —没关系。 Three people can sit in the back of his car.三个人可以坐在汽车后排。 反义 front 118.background /'bækgraund/n. 背景 The mountains form a background to this photograph of the family. 这幅家庭照以群山为背景。 119.*bad /bæd/ (比较级worse/ws:s/,最高级worst/wəst/)adj. 坏的；有害的；不利的；糟糕，可惜；严重的 How bad he is!他真坏! It's bad for your eyes.这对眼睛有害。 It's too bad that Tim's uncle has formed an unhealthy habit of drinking and smoking. 蒂姆的叔叔已养成了饮酒和吸烟的不良习惯，这太糟糕了。 词形拓展 badly adv.坏；不利地；严重地 常用词组 be bad for 对……有害 反 义 good 120.*bag /bæg/n. 书包；提包；袋子 He didn’t want to tell me how much the bag cost 他不想告诉我这个包他花了多少钱。 121.bakery /'berkori/ ( 复 bakeries) n. 面包店 This bakery is big. 这家面包店很大。 122.**balance /'bæləns/n. 平 衡 A small child has to learn to keep his balance before he can walk far. 小孩要先学会保持平衡才能走远。 He slipped and lost his balance .他一滑，便失去了平衡。 123.ball /bɔ:l/n. 球 How big this ball is! 这个球好大啊! 124.balloon /bə'lu:n/n. 气球 Look!There is a balloon in the sky.看!天上有个气球。 125.banana /bə'na:nə/n. 香 蕉 There is a banana on the desk. 桌子上有根香蕉。 126.*bank /'bæŋk/n. 银 行 Three banks were robbed by that robber so someone reported to the police about the robbery.三家银行遭遇强盗抢劫，所以有人向警方报告了抢劫事件。 127.bar /ba:/n. 酒 吧 There is a bar in the hotel.在这家酒店里有个酒吧。 128.*base /beis/n. 根据地；基地；基础 Many languages have Latin as their base .许多语言都是以拉丁语为基础的。 词形拓展 basic adj. 基本的；基础的 129.basic /'beisik/adj. 基本的；基础的 You need the basic knowledge of I.T.to apply for this job. 申请这份工作你需要具备基本的信息技术知识。 130.basket /'ba:skit/n. 篮 子 Those baskets are full of fruits. 那些篮子装满水果。 131.*basketball /'ba:skitbɔ:l/n. 篮球 —Jack hurt his arms while playing basketball yesterday afternoon. —I'’m sorry to hear that. ——在昨天下午打篮球时，杰克的手臂受伤了。 ——听到这个消息我很难过。 名师点拨 basketball 是常考单词，所以学生一定要牢记：在球类的名词前不能用冠词。 132.bath /ba:θ/n. 洗 澡 She has a bath every day. 她每天洗澡。 133.bathroom /'ba:0ru:m/n. 浴室；盥洗室；厕所 I like my bathroom .我喜欢我的浴室。 134.battery /'bætəri/( 复 batteries)n. 电池，蓄电池 In standby mode,the battery lasts about 10 days.在待机状态下，电池大约可续航10天。 135.battle /'bætl/n. 战斗；战役 Many soldiers died in the battle .在这次战役中死了许多士兵。 136.*be /bi:/v. 是；成为(原形，其人称和时态形式有am,is,are,was,were,being,been) I think he will be an astronaut. 我认为他会成为一名宇航员。 —Congratulations!You've got a chance to be an exchange student. —Thank you. ——祝贺你!你有机会成为一名交换学生。 ——谢谢。 常用词组 be aware of 意识到；觉察；知道 137.*beach /bi:tʃ/ ( 复beaches)n. 海滨，海滩 What a sunny day it is today!Shall we have a picnic on the beach ? 今天的天气多么晴朗啊!我们去海滩野餐好吗? 138.bear /beə/n. 熊 What a fierce bear it is! 多凶猛的熊啊! 139.*beat /bi:t/(beat/bi:t/,beaten/'bi:tən/)v. 敲打；跳动；打赢 Beat it! 打它! 名师点拔 bea t是常考单词，学生一定要掌握其用法，及比较与hit的用法区别： beat 表示接连地“打；敲”。 例如：beat sb.senseless 把某人打得失去知觉 The rain was beating against the window. 雨打在窗户上。 hit表示用力地“打(一下);击中”。 例如：I hit him a hard blow. 我重重给了他一拳。 He fired and hit the target.他开枪射中了靶子。 140.*beautiful /'bju:trfl/adj. 美丽的 Bali is a beautifu l place.It attracts a lot of tourists every year. 巴厘岛是一个美丽的地方。它每年都要吸引很多游客。 The light music sounded very beautiful .I enjoyed every minute of it. 这首轻音乐很动听。我非常喜欢。 K5 词形拓展 beautifully adv.优美地 beauty n. 美丽 近 义 pretty 反 义 ugly 141.*beautifully /'bju:tifli/adv.优美地 She sang beautifully when she was watching TV. 当她在看电视的时候，她很优美地唱着歌。 142.beauty /'bju:ti/n. 美 He was beginning to enjoy the beauties of nature.他开始享受大自然之美。 143.***because /bi'kpz/conj. 因为 Please be brief because I am in a hurry.请长话短说，因为我有急事。 The man is called “Wolf Dad” because of his cruel way of parenting. 那个人被叫“狼爸”是因为他残忍的养育方式。 常用词组 because of 由干 名师点拨because是常考单词，所以学生一定要掌握其用法： because后面跟句子；because of后面跟名词。 例如：The cars moved slowly because it snowed heavily. =The cars moved slowly because of the heavy snow. 汽车慢慢开，因为下大雪。 144.*become /bi'kʌm/ (became /bi'kem/ ,become /bi'kʌm/)v. 变得；成为 When people get older,their short-term memory becomes worse. 当人老了的时候，他们的短期记忆变得更糟。 The students of Class Three became excited when they won the football match. 三班的学生赢得了这场足球赛，他们变得兴奋不已。 名师点拔become是常考单词，所以学生一定要掌握其用法：become后面跟形容词。 例如：He became very excited.他变得很激动。 145.bed /bed/n. Although Peter is five years old,he is learning to make the bed by himself. 尽管彼得才5岁，他正在学习自己整理床铺。 常用词组 make the bed 整理床铺 146.**bedroom/'bedrum/n. 卧室 Frank and Mary switch on the bedroom computer in the morning because they want to get the latest news. 法兰克和玛丽一早就打开卧室的计算机，因为他们想得到最新消息。 147.beef /bi:f/n. 牛 肉 Do you like stewed beef? 你喜欢吃炖牛肉吗? 148.***before /bi'fɔ:/prep. 在……以前；在……前面 adv. 以前 conj. 在……之前 My friend spent eighty yuan on the coat the day before yesterday. 前天我的朋友花了80元买这件外套。 Jack does exercise twice a day and he looks much healthier than before . 杰克一天做两次运动，他看起来比以前健康。 All the exercise books must be handed in before you leave school. 放学前所有练习本务必交上来。 反义 after 谚 语 There is a saying that look before you leap. First think,then act. 有句谚语：三思而后行。 149.beg /beg/v. 请求；乞求，乞讨 He lives by begging .他靠乞讨为生。 150.*begin/br'gin/(began /br'gæn/,begun/bɪ'gʌn/)v. 开始，着手 She wanted to know when the program would begin. 她想知道什么时候该方案将开始执行。 词形拓展 beginning n.开始；开端 反义 end;finish 谚 语 There is a saying that well begun is half done. 有句谚语：良好的开端是成功的一半。 151.*beginning /br'ginɪŋ/n. 开始；开端 I have read the book from beginning to end.我把这本书从头到尾看完了。 The students played a game at the beginning of the lesson. 学生在开始上课时做游戏。 152.*behaviour /bi'heivjə/n.行为；举止 The teacher always tells his students to be on their best behaviour . 老师总是对学生们说，要展现他们最好的一面。 词形拓展 behave v.行为；举止conduct 153.*behind /bi'hand/prep. 在 … … 后面 adv. 在后面；向后 I am behind him in maths. 我数学不如他。 The car stopped so suddenly that the bus behind almost ran into it. 这辆汽车突然刹停，后面那辆公共汽车几乎撞到它。 154.being /'bi:n/n. 生物；人 How long can a human being go without food? 人不吃东西能活多久? 155.*believe /br'li:v/v. 相信；认为 That dishonest man often tells lies,and nobody believes him. 那个不诚实的人经常撒谎，没有人相信他。 156.bell /bel/n. 钟；铃 There is a bell on the wall. 墙上有个钟。 157.belong /bi'loŋ/v. 属；附属 Does this house belong to Mr.Winter?这幢房子是属于温特先生的吗? 常用词组 belong to 属于 158.*below /bir'lau/prep. 在……下面 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写在这条线下面。 反义 above 名师点拨 bel ow 是常考单词，学生一定要理清 below 和 under 这两个词语的意思及 用 法 ： below 表示“在……下面”,但不一定是指在某物的正下方，而是指低于某物，其反义词是above; under 表示“在……下方”,是指在某物的正下方，其反义词是 over。 例如：The noise came from below the floor. 声音来自地板下面。 Shall I write my name on, above or below the line? 我该把名字签在横线线上，横线上方，还是横线下方? The bottle fell under the table. 瓶掉到桌子底下。 159.belt /belt/n. (皮)带；带子 He buckled the safety belt when the plane was making a landing. 飞机降落时，他扣上了安全带。 160.*beside /br'sard/prep. 在……旁边；靠近 There is a big tree beside me.在我身旁有棵大树。 161.***besides /bi'saidz/prep. 除……以外(还有) adv. 还有，此外 She has three cousins besides Eddie. 除了埃迪，她还有3个表兄弟。 Besides me,there are many other students present. 除了我出席之外，还有许多其他的学生出席。 I don't want to go.Besides,I’m too tired.我不想去，再说我也太累了。 162.best /best/ (good /gud/ 和 well /wel/ 的最高级)adj.&adv. 最好的；最好地；最 n. 最好的人(或物) She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。 The thing I liked best about the show was the music. 这场演出中我最喜欢的是音乐。 We offer only the best to our clients. 我们只提供最好的东西给顾客。 反义 worst 谚 语 There is a saying that east or west,home is the best . 有句谚语：金窝、银窝，不如自己的草窝。 163.*better /'betə/ (good 和 well 的比较级)adj. 较好的，更好的 adv. 更好地n. 较好的事物；较优者 You must pay extra for a better seat. 你要坐更好的位子就要加钱。 Never mind,next time I’m sure you can do better .不要紧，我相信你下一次一定能做得更好的。 You'd better go and see a doctor at once. 你最好马上去看医生。 We expect better of you in the future.我们期待你将来有更好的表现。 5 常 用 词 组 had better 最好还是；还是……好 反义 worse 164.*between /bi'twin/prep. 在(两者)之间；在……中间 Can you tell me the difference between these two words? 你能告诉我这两个单词之间的区别吗? Six-month-old babies are not old enough to tell the difference between need and want. =Six-month-old babies are too young to tell the difference between need and want. 6个月大的婴儿太小，无法区分需要和想要。 165.bicycle /'baisikl// bike /baɪk/n. 自行车 In my opinion,riding a bicycle will be more popular than driving a car in the future. 在我看来，未来骑自行车会比驾驶汽车更受欢迎。 166.***big/big/adj. 大的 Professor Lee gave us much advice on how to live a low carbon life in big cities. 关于在大城市如何低碳生活，李教授给了我们许多建议。 It is so big that they can't take the suitcase with them. 手提箱太大了，他们不能随身携带。 近义 large 反义 little;small 167.bill /bil/n. 账单；钞票，纸币 He never pays his bill on time.他从来没有按时支付他的账单。 168.bin /bin/n. 箱子；垃圾箱 Please put the rubbish in the bin .请把垃圾放到垃圾箱里去。 近义 dustbin 169.bird /b₃:d/n. 鸟 There are miles of grassland with no people,just trees and birds . 几英里的草原上没有人，只有树和鸟。 谚 语 There is a saying that clumsy birds have to start flying early. 有句谚语：笨鸟先飞。 There is a saying that kill two birds with one stone. 有句谚语： 一箭双雕。 170.birthday /'b3:θdei/n. 生日 It will be Mike's fourth birthday next Saturday. 下周六是迈克4周岁生日。 I got this nice present on my birthday .在我生日的那天，我收到了这个漂亮的礼物。 171.biscuit /'biskit/n. 饼 干 The children enjoy eating the biscuit.孩子们喜欢吃饼干。 172.*bit /brt/n. 一点；一些；少量 Will you give me a bit of time? 你能给我一 点时间吗? 常用词组 a bit(of) 有一点儿 173.bite /bait/ (bit /bɪt/, bitten /'bitən/)v. 咬；叮 Babies who are getting new teeth like something hard to bite on. 正在长牙齿的婴儿喜欢咬硬物。 174.*black /blæk/n. 黑 色 adj. 黑色的 Which colour do you prefer,black or white? 你更喜欢哪种颜色，黑色还是白色? This black bag may be that driver's.这个黑色的包可能是司机的。 175.blackboard /'blækbɔ:d/n. 黑板 Mary had to wear her glasses so that she could see the words on the blackboard clearly. 玛丽不得不戴上眼镜，这样她才能清楚地看到黑板上的字。 词形拓展 board n.板；木板 v. 登，上(船、火车、飞机等) 176.blanket /'blænkit/n. 毯 子 Please give me a blanket .请给我一条毯子。 177.blind /blaind/adj. 瞎 的 n.(the blind)盲人 His father is blind.他父亲是瞎子。 He was a teacher of the blind.他过去是位教盲人的老师。 178.block /blok/n. 一排房屋；街区(街道中间的区域);大块 v. 阻 止 He lives in that block.他住在那个街区。 Get back,don't block the traffic. 往后退，不要阻塞交通。 179.blood /blʌd/n. 血，血液 There is some blood in the glass. 玻璃杯里有些血。 180.blow /bləu/ (blew /blu:/, blown /bləun/)v. 吹；刮风；吹气 In spring the wind blows gently.It makes us feel so comfortable. 春天里，风轻轻地吹。让我们感到很舒适。 181.*blue /blu:/n. 蓝 色 adj. 蓝色的 A woman in blue walked into the store. 一个穿蓝色衣服的妇女走进商店。 He has a dark blue shirt on.他穿了一件深蓝色衬衣。 182.board /bɔ:d/n. 板；木板 v. 登，上(船、火车、飞机等) Will you help me to take the size of the board? 帮忙量一下这木板的尺寸好吗? Passengers must board the ship before 6:00 pm.乘客必须在下午6点前上船。 183.***boat /bəut/n. 小船，小舟 v. 划船(游玩) He has his own boat.他有他自己的小船。 They boated us across the bay.他们用船把我们送过海湾。 184.*body /'bpdi/( 复 bodies)n. 身 体 A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body .均衡的食物使你身体获得营养。 185.boil /bɔil/v. 沸腾；煮 I always boil water in this kettle. 我总是用这个水壶烧水。 百 词形拓展 boiled adj. 煮沸的；煮熟的 boiling adj. 沸腾的；激昂的 186.*book /buk/n. 书；本子 v. 预订，订(房间、车票、座位等) On the eighth page of the book ,there is an encouraging story. 在这本书的第八页，有一个令人鼓舞的故事。 —The musical Notre Dame de Paris is being staged in the theater.Shall we book two tickets for the show? —That's a good idea. ——音乐剧《巴黎圣母院》正在这个剧院上演。我们去预订两张票好吗? ——好主意。 谚语 There is a saying that books are our good teachers and wise friends. 有句谚语：书籍是我们的良师益友。 187.*bored/bɔ:d/adj. 感到乏味的；厌倦的 I got really bored because I had nothing to do. 我真的很无聊，因为无事可做。 词形拓展 boring adj. 乏味的；无聊的；令人厌烦的 188.**boring /'bɔ:riŋ/adj. 乏味的；无聊的；令人厌烦的 Tom always tells us the same things whenever he meets.He is really boring . 每当汤姆见到我们，他总是告诉我们同样的事情。他真的很无聊。 近 义 dull 反 义 interesting 名师点拨 boring 是常考单词，学生一定要掌握其意思，及比较与 bored 的用法区别： boring用来形容事物，是指某事或某人本身令人感到厌烦、无趣。 bored用来形容你对事物的感受，是指某人对某事或某人感到厌烦。 189.born /bɔ:n/ (动词bear/beə/ 的过去分词)出生 Lucy and Linda are twins.They were born on the fourth of November. 露西和琳达是一对双胞胎。她们出生于11月4日。 190.***borrow /'bɔrəu/v. (向别人)借用；借 This is a useful guidebook.I borrowed it from the school library. 这是一本有用的指南书。我从学校图书馆借来的。 名师点拨 borrow是常考单词，学生一定要掌握其意思，及比较与lend,keep的用法区别： borrow是向别人借用不属于自己的东西，表示“借进”,其结构是：borrow sb.sth. =borrow sth.from/of sb.,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 lend 是将自己的东西借给别人使用，表示“借出”,其结构是：lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 keep是表示“持有(某物);保持(某种状态)”,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 191.boss /bps/n. 老板；首领 Do you know,he is the nicest boss I've had here. 你知道吗，他是我到这儿工作后碰到的最好的上司。 192.***both /bəuθ/pron. 两者(都);双方(都) adj. (两)……都；双 adv. 两个都 Both of them are PLA men.他们俩都是解放军战士。 Tourists can enjoy wonderful views on both sides of the Huangpu River. 游客可以享受黄浦江两岸的美妙景色。 He likes both.他两个都喜欢。 Mary reads both space and business news. 玛丽阅读宇宙和商业新闻。 常用词组 both ...and... 两者都 名师点拔both是常考单词，常出现在改为否定句的句型转换练习中，所以学生一定 要牢记：both的反义词是neither,all的反义词是none。 例如：They both are editors of the school newspaper. 他们俩都是校报编辑。(改为否定句) Neither of them is an editor of the school newspaper.他们俩都不是校报编辑。 193.bottle /'bptl/n. 瓶子 How shall we deal with the waste paper, bottles and boxes? 我们应如何处理这些废纸、瓶子和包装盒呢? 194.bottom /'bptəm/n. 底部 Fill in your address at the bottom of the application form. 把你的地址填写在申请表下端。 反 义 top 195.bowl /baul/n. 碗 He has a big bowl.他有个大碗。 196.*box /boks/ ( 复 boxes) n. 盒子；箱子 Mr.Smith bought three boxes of local snacks for the exchange students. 史密斯先生为交换生买了三盒当地小吃。 197.*boy /bɔi/ ( 复boys) n. 男孩 The boy collected some fallen leaves and made a nice artwork. 这个男孩收集了一些落叶，做成了一件漂亮的艺术品。 198.brain /brein/n. 脑 She has a good brain .她头脑聪明。 199.brave /breiv/adj. 勇敢的 We Chinese people are brave and industrious.我们中国人是勇敢勤劳的。 词形拓展 bravely adv.勇敢地 bravery n. 勇敢 反义 cowardly 200.*bread /bred/n. 面包 Mark isn't feeling well now as he had too much bread just now. 马克现在觉得不太舒服，因为他刚才吃了太多的面包。 201.*break /brerk/ (broke /brəuk/, broken /'brəukan/)v. 打破(断、碎);损坏n. 休息；间隙 Little David hid all the broken pieces under the bed and denied breaking the vase with his basketball.小大卫把所有的碎片都藏在床下，并否认他打篮球打破了花瓶。 Have a break.休息一下。 常用词组 break down 损坏；衰弱下来 break into 闯入；破门而入 202.*breakfast/'brekfəst/n. 早餐 You had better let John buy milk and bread for breakfast himself.He's ten years old now.早餐你最好让约翰自己去买牛奶和面包。现在他10岁了。 常用词组 have breakfast 吃早餐 名师点拨 在三餐的名词前不用加冠词。 203.*breath /breθ/n. 呼吸；一口气；气息 If you get nervous,take a deep breath to calm yourself down. 如果你感到紧张，就深呼吸让自己平静下来。 词形拓展 breathe v. 呼吸 204.breathe /bri:ð/v. 呼吸 You had to listen hard to hear the old man breathe . 你要仔细听才能听见老人在呼吸。 205.bridge /bridʒ/n. 桥 How long is the cross-sea bridge of Hangzhou Gulf? 杭州湾跨海大桥有多长? 206.**bright /brart/adj. 明亮的；聪明的；灿烂的 What a bright idea! 好主意! I will try my best to get a bright future.我会尽我所能去创造一个光明的未来。 反义 dark 207.*bring /briŋ/ (brought /brɔ:t/, brought) v. 拿来，带来 Will you bring your new book here?I'd like to have a look at it. 你能把你的新书带来吗?我想看一看。 名师点拨bring,take,fetch,carry这四个词语的意思较相近，都有“拿”的意思，比 较他们的用法区别： bring表示“带来”,就是从其他地方将东西拿到或带到说话人处。 take表示“拿走”,就是从说话人处将东西拿走或带走。 fetch表示“(去)拿来；(去)请来”,就是从说话人处出发到其他地方将某物拿到或 请某人来到说话人处。 carry表示“携带；运送；搬运”,不一定将某物拿到或某人带到说话人处，可以从任 何地方到任何地方。 208.*Britain(U.K.)/'britən/n. 英国 He is from Britain.他从英国来。 209.**British /'britiʃ/adj.英国的；英国人的 British people often begin their conversations by talking about the weather. 英国人经常以谈论天气来开始他们的谈话。 This is a traditional British cookery book. 这是一本传统英式烹饪书。 210.Briton/'britən/n.英国人 This role is played by seventeen-year-old Briton John Martin. 这个角色由17岁的英国人约翰 · 马丁扮演。 211.broadcast /'brɔ:dka:st/n. 广播节目 The radio station sets up an overseas broadcast program. 电台新设置了一个对外广播节目。 212.**brother /'brʌðə/n. 兄；弟 My brother likes drawing very much and his dream is to become an architect. 我的弟弟非常喜欢画画，他的梦想是成为一名建筑师。 213.*brown /braun/n. 褐色，棕色 adj.褐色的，棕色的 In autumn the leaves change from green to brown .秋天树叶由绿色变为褐色。 Have you seen the man in the picture?He is thin and of average height with a brown jacket. 你见过照片上的人吗?穿棕色夹克的他很瘦，中等身高。 214.brush /braʃ/v. 刷；擦 (复 brushes)n. 刷子 Have you brushed your teeth? 你刷牙了吗? I have a brush .我有一把刷子。 215.**build /bild/ (built /bilt/,built)v. 建筑；建造 More underground railways will be built in Shanghai in the years to come. 未来几年上海将建成更多的地铁。 词形拓展 builder n. 建筑工人；建立者 building n. 建筑物；大楼 rebuild v. 重建；改造 近 义 put up 216.**building/'bildrŋ/n.建筑物；大楼 On the top of the building you can have a bird's eye view of the whole city. 在楼顶，你可以俯瞰整个城市。 217.bund /bʌnd/ (the Bund)n. 外 滩 Many buildings along the Bund in Shanghai were built in 1920s or 1930s. 上海沿外滩的许多建筑建于二十世纪二三十年代。 218.burn/bsn/(burned /bs:nd/,burned或 burnt /bs:nt/,burnt)v.燃烧；着火；使烧焦 People used to burn an oil lamp to get light.从前人们点油灯照明。 谚语 We should learn a lesson from this incident:He who plays with fire will surely get burnt .我们应该从这次事件中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。 219.bus /bʌs/ ( 复buses)n. 公共汽车 He asked the government to improve school bus safety. 他要求政府改善校车的安全。 常用词组 by bus 乘公共汽车 220.*business /'biznəs/n.生意；事业；商业 The manager said that the business would be worse after the stock went down. 经理说股票下跌后，生意会更差。 词形拓展 businessman n.商人 businesswoman n.女商人 busy adj. 忙(碌)的 i 常用词组 on business 有事，出差 221.*businessman /'biznəsmæn/( 复 businessmen/'biznəsmen/)n. 商人 He was born to be a successful businessman .他注定会成为一名成功的商人。 222.*busy /'bizi/adj. 忙(碌)的 My mum is busy making a pizza.She needs some help,doesn't she? 我妈妈正忙着做一个比萨饼。她需要一些帮助，不是吗? 常用词组 be busy with/doing sth.忙于做某事 keep sb.busy 让某人忙个不停 223.***but /bʌt/conj. 但是 Money is important,but it can’t buy everything.钱很重要，但它不能买到一切。 The doctors tried their best to save the patient's life, but failed. 医生们设法挽救患者的生命，但是失败了。 名师点拨but是常考单词，学生一定要掌握其用法，及比较与however的用法区别： but是连词，后面不用加逗号。 however是副词，通常放在句首，后面要加逗号。 224.butter /'bʌtə/n. 黄油，奶油 Add the butter last. 最后加上黄油。 225.*butterfly /'bʌtəflaɪ/ ( 复 butterflies /'bʌtəflaɪz/)n. 蝴蝶 Jenney's father has a collection of beautiful butterflies . 詹尼的父亲收集美丽的蝴蝶。 226.button /'bʌtən/n. 纽扣；(电铃等的)按钮 There is a button on the wall.在墙上有一个按钮。 227.**buy /bai/ (bought /bɔ:t/, bought) v. 买 I bought a new flat in Puxi last year.It is on the ninth floor. 去年我在浦西买了一套新房子。这套房子在9楼。 If the prices come down in a few years,I will buy a car for myself. 几年后如果价格降下来，我将为自己买一辆车。 反义 sell 名师点拨 buy 是常考时态的瞬间动词，所以学生一定要知道瞬间动词是不能和for 加一段时间构成完成时态。瞬间动词与状态性动词的转换如下： The film began ten minutes ago.→The film has been on for ten minutes. He joined the army two years ago.→He has been in / served in the army for two years. She became a teacher three years ago.→ She has been a / worked as a teacher for three years. He borrowed a book a week ago.→He has kept the book for a week. He died two days ago.→He has been dead for two days. He bought a book the day before yesterday.→He has had the book for two days. He left Shanghai last year.→He has been away from Shanghai for a year. 228.**by /bai/prep. 靠近；在……旁边；在……时间；不迟于； (用于被动语态)被；(表示手段、方法)用；由；(用交通工具等)乘(车) On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire. 在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。 She should be back by now.她现在应该回来了。 By the end of last term,the students of Class One had finished three projects. 到上学期末，一班的学生完成了三个项目。 Tom is reading an 60-word composition.It was written all by himself. 汤姆正在读一篇60个字的作文。这篇作文是他本人写的。 Look up the word in the dictionary,and you'll get the meaning by yourselves. 在词典里查查这个单词，你们会知道它的意思。 You can improve your spoken English by using it more and more. 英语说得越多，你就越能提高你的英语口语水平。 Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去那里? More and more people in Shanghai choose to work by underground. 在上海越来越多的人选择乘地铁上班。 常用词组 by oneself亲自 by the way 顺便说；顺便问一下 229.bye /bai/int. 再见 I have to say good-bye to everybody. 我不得不对大家说再见了。 3328 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $