Unit 1 Different friends 核心知识清单+专项巩固习题（知识清单）-2025-2026学年人教PEP版英语五年级上册

该小学英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版五年级上册Unit 1“Different friends”的核心内容。从人物特征与活动相关的重点单词出发，延伸到人物描述与活动类短语，再到人物特征与能力问答的核心句型，最后归纳情态动词can、第三人称单数、介词搭配等语法知识点，构成递进式学习支架，为语言运用奠定基础。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-语法”逻辑连贯呈现，专项习题覆盖单词基础、语法应用、句型转换等模块，题型多样且针对性强。通过分层练习巩固语言能力，系统的语法归纳培养思维品质，多样化题型设计提升自主学习能力，助力学生扎实掌握单元核心知识并灵活运用。

2025年秋人教版五年级英语上册 Unit 1 Different friends 核心知识清单+专项巩固习题 学校__________ 班级__________ 姓名__________ 一、关于“Different friends”的核心知识清单 （一）重点单词（核心词汇） 英文 中文 英文 中文 friend 朋友 player 运动员；选手 clever 聪明的 lovely 可爱的 young 年轻的 hard-working 勤奋的；努力的 science 科学 robot 机器人 jump 跳；跃 piano 钢琴 chess 国际象棋 rope 绳；绳索 front 前部；前面 easy 容易的；简单的 star 明星；星星 wonderful 精彩的；绝妙的 team 队；组 Australia 澳大利亚 （二）重点短语（人物描述与活动类） 1. play basketball 打篮球 2. play the piano 弹钢琴 3. play chess 下国际象棋 4. jump high 跳得高 5. sports team 运动队 6. hard-working student 勤奋的学生 7. lovely girl 可爱的女孩 8. clever boy 聪明的男孩 9. science class 科学课 10. international chess 国际象棋 （三）核心句型（人物特征与能力问答类） 1. 询问人物特征 What’s he/she like? — He/She is clever and hard-working. 2. 询问人物能力 What can the robot do? — It can jump high and sing. 3. 介绍人物身份与所属团队 He is a player in the basketball team. She is from Australia. 4. 描述人物技能水平 She plays the piano very well. This game is easy. Everyone can play it. 5. 表达对事物的评价 The show is wonderful. We all like it. （四）语法&知识点归纳 1. 情态动词 can 的用法 表示“能；会”，后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。 肯定句：主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他（例：The robot can jump high.） 否定句：主语 + can’t + 动词原形 + 其他（例：He can’t play chess.） 一般疑问句：Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（例：Can she play the piano?） 2. 实义动词的第三人称单数形式 主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时，谓语动词需变三单形式。 规则变化：play→plays, work→works；无特殊不规则变化。 例句：She plays the piano every day. / He works hard at school. 3. 介词的固定搭配 in 用于表示所属团队（例：in the basketball team）； from 用于表示来自某地（例：be from Australia）； play + 球类运动 零冠词（例：play basketball）；play + the + 乐器 需加定冠词 the（例：play the piano）。 4. 感叹句（How 引导） 结构：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！（例：How easy this game is! / How wonderful the show is!） 二、专项巩固习题 题型一：单词基础题 1. “跳得高”的英文短语是 ______ ______。 2. My brother is a good basketball ______ (play/player). 3. 询问“他是什么样的人”：What ______ he ______? 4. The robot ______ (can/can’t) sing. It can only jump. 5. “弹钢琴”翻译为 play ______ ______。 6. She is a ______ (hard-working/hard-work) student. 7. This song is very ______ (wonder/wonderful). 8. They are in the school football ______ (team/teams). 9. “下国际象棋”的英文短语是 play ______。 10. He is from ______ (Australian/Australia). 题型二：首字母提示填空 1. My new f______ is from Australia. He is very clever. 2. She can play the p______ very well. We all like her music. 3. The robot can j______ high. It’s so cool. 4. Tom is in the basketball t______. He is a good player. 5. This game is e______. Everyone can learn it quickly. 6. The show is w______. We clapped our hands for a long time. 7. He likes playing c______ with his father every evening. 8. Lily is a l______ girl with big eyes. 9. Mike is h______. He always finishes his homework first. 10. S______ is my favourite subject. I want to be a scientist. 题型三：单项选择 ( ) 1. —What’s your friend like? —______ clever and hard-working. A. He B. She’s C. Him ( ) 2. ______ the robot play chess? A. Can B. Does C. Is ( ) 3. She ______ the piano every Saturday morning. A. play B. plays C. playing ( ) 4. —Where is he from? —He is from ______. A. Australian B. China C. English ( ) 5. This is an ______ game. We can play it easily. A. easy B. hard C. wonderful ( ) 6. My brother is a ______ in the sports team. A. player B. play C. plays ( ) 7. —What can you do? —I can ______ high. A. jumping B. jump C. jumps ( ) 8. How ______ the show is! A. wonderful B. wonderfuly C. a wonderful ( ) 9. He likes ______ basketball with his friends after school. A. play B. playing C. plays ( ) 10. Both of them like ______ science class. A. have B. having C. has 题型四：句型转换 1. The robot can jump high.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the robot ______ high? 2. She plays the piano very well.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ the piano very well. 3. My friend is hard-working.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ your friend ______? 4. He is in the basketball team.（改为同义句） He is a ______ ______ the basketball team. 5. This game is easy.（改为感叹句） ______ ______ this game is! 参考答案 题型一：1.jump high 2.player 3.is; like 4.can’t 5.the piano 6.hard-working 7.wonderful 8.team 9.chess 10.Australia 题型二：1.friend 2.piano 3.jump 4.team 5.easy 6.wonderful 7.chess 8.lovely 9.hard-working 10.Science 题型三：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 题型四：1.Can; jump 2.doesn’t play 3.What is; like 4.player in 5.How easy 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $