课后分层练13-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版）

[课后分层练13] （时间：45分钟　满分：73.5分） Ⅰ.单词拼写（每小题1分，共8分） 1．Five percent （百分比） of the students in our school are against the rule. 2．We should make it a habit to save electricity （电） and practice it in our daily life. 3．As we all know, over the past years, floods （洪水）， earthquakes and wildfires have happened frequently. 4．Greenhouse gases （气体） will be given out less and our earth will also be better to live on. 5．They needed to find all the materials they need, including woods, bricks （砖块）， nails and so on. 6．Some words can have different meanings in different contexts （语境）. 7．In recent years there have been many natural disasters （灾害） caused by human activities. 8．Volcanic eruptions （爆发） are much common on these islands. Ⅱ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共8分） 1．Their father had a near­death accident which caused severe damage to his right hand. 2．The words of wisdom (wise) in the book, such as “One sees clearly only with the heart”， touched me deeply. 3．I sat down, burying (bury) my head in my hands, tears rolling down my face. 4．They were both shocked (shock) to see the whole house was on fire. 5．Nearly everything in the city was destroyed (destroy) by the terrible disaster last week. 6．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins (ruin). 7．I like to live in the countryside where the air is good to breathe (breathe). 8．What made me terrified was that my feet were trapped (trap) by some weed and I could not swim anymore. Ⅲ.完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1．我很抱歉知道你这些天身体不好。 I am really sorry to know that you are suffering from poor health these days. 2．如果我成为一名志愿者，我会不遗余力地提供最好的服务。 If I were to become one of the volunteers, I would spare no effort to offer my best service． 3．这道考题太难了，让人无法理解。事实上没有人解答出来。 This exam question was too difficult to understand．Actually nobody worked it out. 4．这里的世界是如此的安静，仿佛时间已经停止了。 The world here was so quiet as if time had stopped． 5．幸运的是，一些登山者来救我，并把我送到附近的医院。 Fortunately, some climbers came to my rescue and sent me to the hospital nearby. Ⅳ.课文语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose and fell.Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and even 1smelly (smell) gas was coming out of at least one well.Some animals also had some unusual behaviour.But people in the city, 2who were asleep as usual that night, didn't think much of those. At 3：42 a．m., one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century broke out.It 3destroyed (destroy) the city and even caused damage in Beijing.In less than one minute, Tangshan lay 4in ruins.The number of people who were killed or terribly injured in the quake 5was (be) more than 400，000.Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6to get (get). But not all hope was lost.Soon after the quakes, teams were organised to dig out the 7trapped (trap) and bury the dead.Many more people, 8including (include) workers and doctors, came to their aid.Through all the efforts, the city began to breathe again. Today, a new Tangshan has been built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 9to the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the 10wisdom (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共17.5分） A （2025·广州高一检测） Four of the World's Disasters The following four disasters destroyed cities around the world by flood, typhoon, or earthquake.These events have totally taken millions of human lives. Yangtze River Flood The major flood of 1931 covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and many cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan.The flood affected more than 50 million people.Government organizations estimated （估计） that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster. Typhoon Nina Typhoon Nina struck Henan Province of China in August 1975.The typhoon caused a serious dam （水坝） failure, and more than 300，000 people were dead or injured.The number of people affected by the disaster was more than 10，000，000. Kashmir Earthquake On October 8, 2005, a disastrous earthquake struck the Kashmir.The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.6, followed by many aftershocks and landslides.The damage and the number of deaths worsened because of the poor buildings in the affected areas.At least 79，000 people were killed. Haitian Earthquake At the beginning of 2010, an earthquake hit Haiti.The earthquake registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by aftershocks that registered magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5.There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died.Hundreds of thousands more became homeless. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了世界上四个重大的自然灾害——长江洪水、台风莲娜、克什米尔地震和海地地震，对每个灾害的发生时间、地点、影响范围和造成的伤亡人数等进行了描述。 1．Which disaster caused the most deaths? A．Yangtze River Flood. B．Typhoon Nina. C．Kashmir Earthquake. D．Haitian Earthquake. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据文章Yangtze River Flood部分中的“Government organizations estimated （估计） that about 3.7 million people died in this disaster.”、Typhoon Nina部分中的“and more than 300, 000 people were dead or injured”、Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“At least 79，000 people were killed.”以及Haitian Earthquake部分中的“but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died”可知，长江洪水造成的死亡人数最多。故选A。 2．What made the situation in Kashmir more serious? A．The serious aftershocks. B．The diseases after earthquake. C．The continuous falling rocks. D．The low building quality. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章Kashmir Earthquake部分中的“The damage and the number of deaths worsened because of the poor buildings in the affected areas.”可知，是当地建筑质量差导致克什米尔地震后的情况更加严重。故选D。 3．What can we learn about the earthquake that hit Haiti? A．It had caused other disasters. B．It happened in the hottest season. C．It had a debatable death count. D．It happened only once. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章Haitian Earthquake部分中的“There has been debate about the total number of deaths caused by this earthquake, but estimates suggest that about 200，000－300，000 people died.”可知，海地地震的死亡人数是有争议的。故选C。 B （2025·重庆高一检测）Scientists say they've discovered an earthquake­like event that can happen during a hurricane or other storms.Researchers called it a “stormquake” after studying events caused by earthquakes on the sea floor during such storms. Strong energy from hurricanes and serious storms can create very large waves in the ocean.“These waves then interact in some places with solid earth under the sea to cause intense seismic （地震的） source activity，” said the leader researcher Fan, a professor at Florida State University, “The exciting part is that seismic sources caused by hurricanes can last for hours or even days.” The researchers found evidence （证据） of more than 10，000 stormquakes in coastal areas of the U．S.and Canada, which have happened around sea floors containing flat land and at lower depths.But it was not known until recently that such events even existed.This is mainly because scientists studying earthquakes have generally considered ocean­caused seismic waves as “background noise”． The research found major U．S.hurricanes had produced a lot of stormquakes.One example was Hurricane Bill in 2009 in the Atlantic Ocean, causing about 300 stormquakes as it moved north.But no such activity was recorded in areas along the U．S.East Coast.The team noted that even Hurricane Sandy, one of the most costly storms in U．S.history, did not cause a single stormquake.Fan says this suggests that stormquakes are strongly influenced by the physical shape of the seafloor's surface and seafloor conditions. Fan added that there are still “lots of unknowns” about stormquakes.But he said discovering them “suggests we are reaching a new level of understanding seismic waves”．He hopes the discovery will lead to improved study methods for hurricanes, which in the past have mainly been observed from satellites in the sky.“Now we are able to understand it—or at least track part of its route—through the solid earth as well，” he said. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种类似地震的自然现象——“风暴地震”，介绍了其形成过程、特点和影响其形成的条件，这一发现有助于改进飓风研究方法。 4．What is the characteristic of a stormquake according to this passage? A．Being seasonal. B．Being unexpected. C．Being long­lasting. D．Being global. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“The exciting part is that seismic sources caused by hurricanes can last for hours or even days.”可知，风暴地震的显著特征是持续时间长。故选C。 5．Why were stormquakes unknown to science before? A．Because they were ignored by scientists. B．Because they were hardly seen on the Earth. C．Because they were similar to common earthquakes. D．Because they generally happened in deep sea floors. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中“This is mainly because scientists studying earthquakes have generally considered ocean­caused seismic waves as ‘background noise’．”可知，以前的科学界对风暴地震一无所知，是因为他们曾经被科学家当成“背景噪音”忽视了。故选A。 6．What message is conveyed in Paragraph 4? A．All hurricanes don't lead to stormquakes. B．Stormquakes happen more along the East Coast. C．Stormquakes influence the sea floor's conditions. D．Stronger hurricanes produce bigger stormquakes. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中“The team noted that even Hurricane Sandy, one of the most costly storms in U.S.history, did not cause a single stormquake.Fan says this suggests that stormquakes are strongly influenced by the physical shape of the seafloor's surface and seafloor conditions.”可推知，并不是所有的飓风都带来风暴地震。故选A。 7．What is the significance of the discovery? A．Helping to predict an earthquake more exactly. B．Offering a different view on hurricane researches. C．Suggesting the richness of the seismic wave field. D．Preventing possible hurricanes and lessening losses. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He hopes the discovery will lead to improved study methods for hurricanes, which in the past have mainly been observed from satellites in the sky.”可知，这个发现的意义是为研究飓风提供了另一个角度。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） （2025·吉林高一检测）Madden is an 8­year­old boy.He was playing with his toys in front of the window.Suddenly, he saw water flowing into the 　1　．He shouted to his mom Sandy.“Look, Mom, here comes the 　2　！” Sandy saw the house lifted up off its 　3　 and it began to be carried away by the water. Sandy thought 　4　 and found a big basin （盆） to put Madden in.They struggled out of the house.The flood was so strong that the basin 　5　．Sandy managed to put Madden in again.But the flood suddenly took Sandy away.She lost 　6　 of her son.All she could hear was Madden crying, “Mommy！” After being 　7　 from her son, Sandy tried all her best to find safety and she was 　8　． But as a mother, she couldn't imagine 　9　 her son.She cried for help, wishing someone could lend a hand.Then came a rescue team and the 　10　 started.One hour, two hours, three hours...but there was still no 　11　 of Madden.Worse still, it was growing 　12　．Sandy began to 　13　． Then came good news.Madden was found on the top of a small house, safe and 　14　．He said he believed his mother was waiting for him.Sandy said she couldn't 　15　 the rescuers enough. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了母子经历洪水，儿子因为洪水与母亲失散，最终又获救的故事。 1． A．basin B．river C．yard D．well 解析：选C。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，发生了洪水，因此孩子看到水进入了院子。故选C。 2． A．rain B．flood C．stream D．sun 解析：选B。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，房子都被裹挟而走，发生了洪水。故选B。 3． A．base B．wall C．roof D．exit 解析：选A。根据后文“it began to be carried away by the water”可知，洪水冲走了房屋，因此房屋被抬升，脱离了地基。故选A。 4． A．hardly B．certainly C．quickly D．naturally 解析：选C。根据下文“found a big basin （盆） to put Madden in”可知，Sandy思维敏捷。故选C。 5． A．cracked B．disappeared C．shook D．overturned 解析：选D。根据前文“The flood was so strong”以及后文“Sandy managed to put Madden in again.”可知，此处表示装有儿子的水盆翻倒了。故选D。 6． A．track B．sense C．sight D．breath 解析：选C。根据后文“All she could hear was Madden crying”可知，母亲只能听到孩子的哭声，却看不见孩子，lose sight of表示“看不见”。故选C。 7． A．separated B．saved C．transported D．delivered 解析：选A。根据前文“All she could hear was Madden crying”可知，母亲只能听到孩子的哭声，却看不见孩子，所以此处表示母亲与孩子分离。故选A。 8． A．unique B．professional C．responsible D．lucky 解析：选D。根据后文“She cried for help, wishing someone could lend a hand.”以及语境可知，母亲找到了安全的地方，很幸运。故选D。 9． A．helping B．losing C．calming D．trapping 解析：选B。根据上文“But the flood suddenly took Sandy away.She lost 　　　 of his son.”可知，母亲不能想象失去自己的儿子。故选B。 10．A．research B．legend C．search D．hike 解析：选C。根据后文“One hour, two hours, three hours...”可知，时间一点点流逝，搜救在进行着，此处表示搜救开始了。故选C。 11．A．sign B．movement C．alarm D．whistle 解析：选A。根据前文“but”以及语境可知，此处表示并未发现小孩的迹象。故选A。 12．A．warm B．dark C．normal D．strange 解析：选B。根据前文的“but”与“Worse still”可知，情况不容乐观，天越来越黑，增加了救援的难度。故选B。 13．A．watch out B．check out C．take control D．break down 解析：选D。根据前文“One hour, two hours, three hours...but there was still no 　　　 of Madden.”可知，找到孩子的可能性越来越小，所以母亲开始崩溃。故选D。 14．A．powerful B．sound C．active D．wise 解析：选B。根据前文“Then came good news.”以及“safe”可知，Madden安然无恙(safe and sound)。故选B。 15．A．thank B．accept C．supply D．compare 解析：选A。根据前文“Madden was found on the top of a small house”可知，小男孩被救，所以母亲对救援队感激不尽。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $