单元强化练（UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS）-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版）

单元强化练 [UNIT 4] （时间：45分钟　满分：82.5分） 【基础知识强化练】 Ⅰ.单词拼写（每小题1分，共10分） 1．The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcanic erupted （爆发）. 2．He buried （埋头） himself in reading the novel so he didn't notice Director Wang come in. 3．After reading the passage, you'd better make a summary （总结）. 4．Plastic parts can take the place of metal （金属） ones in many machines, but they don't last long. 5．The frequent natural disasters （灾难） have brought people in the area more than ＄4 million worth of damage. 6．A small plane crashed （碰撞） into a mountain five miles east of the city, killing all the people on board. 7．It was Tom who helped me deliver （递送） the books to my uncle yesterday afternoon. 8．At the railway station, the mother waved （挥手） goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight. 9．The dustman swept （打扫） up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday. 10．As we can see, in the past few years, many roads and streets have been rebuilt （重建）. Ⅱ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1．The government will take some effective (effect) measures to deal with it. 2．Till the year 1957，the Golden Gate Bridge，at a length (long) of 2，737 meters，was the longest suspension bridge in the world. 3．We all know that playing with the smartphone for a long time has a bad effect on/upon our eyesight. 4．“Brain rot” that/which gets the most votes has been announced as the Word of 2024. 5．The hikers were trapped (trap) on the mountain peak by the unexpected blizzard. 6．A real friend is someone whose support we can count on whenever we are in need. 7．Burying (bury) herself in painting, the little girl was fully immersed in the wonderful world of colors. 8．Wherever you live, it's necessary for you to learn to prepare for some emergencies (emergency). 9．A successful man should have courage, determination and wisdom (wise). 10．All of us were shocked (shock) at the news about the accident. Ⅲ.完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1．随着时间的流逝，这座曾经非常美丽的城堡现在已经完全变成了废墟。 With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins． 2．当我告诉她呼吸空气会变得很困难，天气会很冷时，她说那会是一次有趣的经历。 When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 3．他每天不遗余力地练习说英语。 He spares no effort to practice speaking English every day. 4．因此，他们可能会变得近视，或者他们会发现难以集中精力在功课上。（it作形式宾语） As a result, they may become short­sighted or they will find it difficult to concentrate on their schoolwork. 5．我们正在爬山，这时突然开始下雨了。 We were climbing the mountain when it began to rain. 【综合能力提升练】 Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共10分） （2025·兰州高一检测）Being able to know an earthquake before it happens is the final goal for seismologists （地震学家） around the world.Now, thanks to cellphone technology, that goal has become a reality.The United States Geological Survey has created an earthquake early warning system, ShakeAlert, a phone app that can tell its users an incoming earthquake. The app gets its data from two places.The first is more than 700 machines that detect （检测） the shaking in the earth located throughout the United States.The second is user information from phones.All phones have devices which detect when a phone is being moved.When all the data from all the phone users in a given area is gathered, the app can find out when an earthquake is about to happen, and send out warning via radio waves.Radio waves are quicker than seismic waves. Though the early warning system is very useful, it is not a complete solution.As National Geographic reports, the warning for most people will come only a few seconds before the quake hits, and people close to the origin of the quake will get almost no warning at all.Forecasting （预测） earthquakes is still a very young field.“Like weather forecasting 100 years ago，” said Zhe Jia, a geophysicist, “there is still a long way to go before we can forecast earthquakes as well as we can forecast weather today.” Still, having these systems in place is a step forward.Having even a few seconds' warning to take shelter in the event of an earthquake can mean the difference between injury and health, life and death. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个地震预警系统ShakeAlert，它是一个可以提醒用户即将发生地震的手机应用程序。 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the app? A．Its main benefits. B．Its working process. C．Its user guide. D．Its user information. 解析：选B。主旨大意题。第二段提到，当收集到特定地区所有手机用户的所有数据后，该应用程序可以发现地震即将发生的时间，并通过无线电波发出警报。无线电波比地震波快。由此可知，本段主要介绍了这个应用程序的工作过程。故选B。 2．What is Zhe Jia's opinion about forecasting earthquakes? A．It has a long way to go. B．It is achievable very soon. C．It has taken a big step. D．It is as good as weather forecasting. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中“there is still a long way to go before we can forecast earthquakes as well as we can forecast weather today”可知，地球物理学家Zhe Jia认为预测地震还有很长的路要走。故选A。 3．What is the author's attitude to the early warning system? A．Concerned. B．Curious. C．Disappointed. D．Supportive. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, having these systems in place is a step forward.Having even a few seconds' warning to take shelter in the event of an earthquake can mean the difference between injury and health, life and death.”可知，作者对于这个早期地震预警系统持支持态度。故选D。 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The harm of earthquakes. B．An earthquake warning system. C．The goal of seismologists. D．Tips on preventing earthquakes. 解析：选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一个地震预警系统ShakeAlert，一个可以提醒用户即将发生地震的手机应用程序，让监测地震成为现实。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·辽阳高一检测） What to do when your home is flooded The biggest threat （威胁） in a hurricane （飓风） is not the wind, but the water.Flooding from heavy rain can happen just at any time, anywhere, as climate change makes violent downpours more common. As the water falls back, the long, slow process of recovery begins.1(　　), and how to start picking up the pieces when the water is gone. Turn off the electricity and gas.The Federal Emergency Management Agency says the first thing you should do is check for things like damaged power, gas lines and cracks in the foundation to make sure it's safe to go inside.If it is, and there's no standing water in the house, turn off the electricity.2(　　).And put distance between you and the house. Do not go in the floodwater.3(　　)．It may get you an electric shock, and there are often ruins, sewage and poisonous chemicals in it.So, if you can wait for the water to fall back or for help to come, that's your best bet, says Jennifer Horney, a professor at the University of Delaware who studies the public­health impacts of disasters. 4(　　)．Use your cellphone to take a ton of pictures of the outside and the inside of your house.You're documenting the damage and trying to show how high the water got.That's important for making an insurance claim or applying for federal assistance. From this article, you can have a good understanding of how to deal with a flooded home.5(　　)． A．Take photos B．Floodwater is dangerous C．Remember to buy insurance D.Floodwater is undrinkable without heat treatment E．Here's what you need to know to prepare for floodwater F．Also, there is much knowledge about how to prevent flooding in the future G．If you smell natural gas, or hear an airflow sound, contact the fire department immediately [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了家中遭遇洪水时应采取的行动。 1．解析：选E。由上文“As the water falls back, the long, slow process of recovery begins.”可知，接下来应介绍关于洪水的准备和康复过程，E项（这是你需要知道的关于准备应对洪水的事情）切题，且引出了下文“and how to start picking up the pieces when the water is gone（以及如何在水没了的时候开始收拾残局。）”，E项的“prepare for floodwater”包含了下文的“start picking up the pieces when the water is gone”，且E项提供了接下来段落的主题，即在面对洪水时需要了解的事项。故选E。 2．解析：选G。上文提到进入房子前的安全检查和必须采取的安全措施。G项（如果你闻到天然气味，或听到气流声，立即联系消防部门）与上文一致，它指出了在检查房屋安全时，遇到特定危险情况时的具体行动建议。故选G。 3．解析：选B。上文“Do not go in the floodwater.（不要进入洪水中。）”警告读者不要进入洪水中。B项（洪水很危险）承接上文，直接指出了“不要进入洪水中”的原因是洪水很危险。故选B。 4．解析：选A。根据下文“Use your cellphone to take a ton of pictures of the outside and the inside of your house.”可以看出，这里讲述的是用手机拍照记录损失以申请赔偿。A项（拍照）符合语境，引出下文“拍照”这一行为。故选A。 5．解析：选F。本文旨在介绍如何应对家庭洪水。F项（此外，还有很多关于如何防止未来洪水发生的知识）指出除了处理洪水外，还可以了解如何预防洪水。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） （2025·广州高一检测）The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins.I had no choice but to walk home as all the 　1　 had stopped as a result of the quake.On my way home I 　2　 an old lady at a bakery （烘焙店） giving out free bread, which made my heart 　3　．A man was holding a sign saying, “Please use our 　4　．” He was opening his house for people to go to the toilet. Then the next day I drove to have my car 　5　．There was not enough 　6　 now and many gas stations were either closed or had very 　7　 lines.I got worried, since I was behind fifteen cars.Finally, when my 　8　 came, the man smiled and said, “Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.Is that all right？” “Of course.It's nice that we are all able to 　9　，” I said.His smile gave me so much comfort. At the shelter center I saw a man 　10　 when people brought food to him.It was the first time in three days that food had been　11　 there.However, after he dried the tears, his next 　12　 surprised me.“I am very 　13　 that we are provided with food.But people in the city next to us haven't 　14　 any food at all.Please go to that center as well.” Hearing that, I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this 　15　． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了地震后，作者在城市遇到的暖心的人和事。 1． A．lift B．business C．help D．traffic 解析：选D。根据上文“The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins.”以及“I had no choice but to walk home”可知，地震发生后，城市成了废墟，所有交通都停止了。故选D。 2． A．saw B．missed C．rescued D．caught 解析：选A。根据下文“an old lady at a bakery （烘焙店） giving out free bread”可知，此处表示作者在回家途中看到了老太太的善行。故选A。 3． A．kind B．broken C．warm D．empty 解析：选C。根据上文“On my way home I 　　　 an old lady at a bakery （烘焙店） giving out free bread”可知，老太太在面包店分发免费面包这样的行为让作者感到很温暖。故选C。 4． A．bedroom B．bathroom C．living room D．kitchen 解析：选B。根据下文“He was opening his house for people to go to the toilet.”可知，此处表示人们可以去这个男人的家上厕所，推测牌子上写的是请使用卫生间。故选B。 5． A．cleaned up B．washed away C．filled up D．swept away 解析：选C。根据下文“There was not enough 　　　 now and many gas stations were either closed or had very 　　　 lines.”可知，此处表示作者去开车加油。故选C。 6． A．gas B．information C．food D．water 解析：选A。根据下文“and many gas stations were either closed or had very 　　　 lines”以及“Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.”可知，许多加油站已经关闭了，推测此处表示现在没有足够的汽油。故选A。 7． A．direct B．fine C．long D．short 解析：选C。根据下文“I got worried, since I was behind fifteen cars.”可推知，此处表示加油站排起了长队。故选C。 8． A．time B．turn C．order D．decision 解析：选B。根据下文“...the man smiled and said, ‘Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.Is that all right？’”以及语境可知，此时作者在排队加油，当轮到作者时，工作人员与他交谈。故选B。 9． A．share B．offer C．learn D．choose 解析：选A。根据上文“Because of this situation, we are only giving ＄30 worth of gas per person.”以及“Of course.It's nice that we are all able to”可知，作者同意了工作人员只加30美元汽油的做法，由此可知，此处表示当汽油有限时，人们在分享有限的资源。故选A。 10．A．crying B．eating C．smiling D．singing 解析：选A。根据下文“However, after he dried the tears”可知，此处表示这个男子哭了。故选A。 11．A．brought B．stored C．left D．kept 解析：选A。根据上文“At the shelter center I saw a man 　　　 when people brought food to him.”可知，此处表示食物被带到避难中心。故选A。 12．A．ways B．roles C．words D．promises 解析：选C。根据下文“I am very 　　　 that we are provided with food.But people in the city next to us haven't 　　　 any food at all.Please go to that center as well.”可知，此处表示这个男子接下来说的话让作者感到惊讶。故选C。 13．A．sure B．grateful C．surprised D．proud 解析：选B。根据上文“At the shelter center I saw a man 　　　 when people brought food to him.”以及语境可知，得到食物后，这名男子哭了，他感到非常感激。故选B。 14．A．cooked B．wasted C．prepared D．received 解析：选D。根据下文“Please go to that center as well.”可推知，此处表示隔壁城市的人们还没有得到食物援助。故选D。 15．A．disaster B．chance C．city D．center 解析：选C。根据文章讲述的几个暖心的事迹以及语境可知，此处表示在这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C。 Ⅳ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） （2025·深圳高一检测）When you think of winter storms, you likely think of 1　　　　　　 (wake) up in the morning to inches, even feet of snow! While snowstorms may be the more recognizable type of winter storm, there's another type that can cause as much, or even more damage: ice storms. An ice storm is the result of 2　　　　　 long­term cold rain event.While ice doesn't fall from the sky, an ice storm is characterized by cold rain that results 3　　　　　　 thick ice.Ice storms usually happen when the air temperature is at or just above freezing. Ice storms can cause 4　　　　　　　 (safe) issues.They can affect road conditions, making travel dangerous, and can damage your home.Thick ice 5　　　　　　 (increase) the weight of branches and power lines, increasing the chances of big trees falling and losing electric service to your home.If they fall onto your houses, probably your roofs or nearby cars 6　　　　　　 (destroy). Worse still, it's difficult to know when 7　　　　　　 (power) ice storms come.And it is possible for freezing rain to fall in one location, rain in another and snow in a third.Ice storms can appear in the area 8　　　　　 hardly ever experiences winter weather.So you must know how 9　　　　　 (protect) your home from ice storms 10　　　　　 (effective). [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冰暴的成因、特征、可能带来的问题以及预防措施。 1．解析：waking。考查动名词。由空前of为介词以及提示词为动词可知，此处为动名词形式。故填waking。 2．解析：a。考查冠词。event是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一次长期的冷雨事件”，long­term以辅音音素开头，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 3．解析：in。考查固定短语。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语results in“导致”，满足句意要求。故填in。 4．解析：safety。考查名词。此处作定语修饰issues，要用safe的名词形式safety，safety issues“安全问题”，满足句意要求。故填safety。 5．解析：increases。考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语Thick ice是不可数名词，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填increases。 6．解析：will be destroyed。考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，该句为If引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，且“roofs or nearby cars”与destroy是被动关系，所以为一般将来时的被动语态结构。故填will be destroyed。 7．解析：powerful。考查形容词。此处修饰名词ice storms，要用power的形容词形式powerful，“强大的”。故填powerful。 8．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the area，在定语从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 9．解析：to protect。考查“疑问词＋不定式”结构。分析句子可知，此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，此处用how to protect“如何保护”，作know宾语。故填to protect。 10．解析：effectively。考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处修饰动词protect，要用effective的副词形式effectively，“有效地”。故填effectively。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $