UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 晨诵晚默-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版）

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 任务一　语言知识狂背(Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking) 阅读 单词 1．disaster　 n．灾难；灾害 2．drought n．旱灾；久旱 3．slide vi．& vt．(slid, slid)(使)滑行；滑动 4．flood n．洪水；大量 vi．淹没；大量涌入 vt．使灌满水；淹没 5．helicopter　　 n．直升机 6．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi．& vt．(使)破裂 7．percent n．百分之…… adj．& adv．每一百中 8． context n．上下文；语境；背景 核心 单词 1．damage　　　 vt．损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 2．destroy vt．摧毁；毁灭 3．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 4．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt．保护；掩蔽 vi．躲避(风雨或危险) 5．ruin　　　 n．& vt．破坏；毁坏 6．electricity n．电；电能 7．trap vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 8．bury vt．埋葬；安葬 9．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 拓展 单词 1．survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过→survivor n．幸存者；生还者→survival n．幸存；生还 2．die vi．死；死亡→death n．死；死亡→dead adj．死的；无生命的→dying adj．垂死的；临终的 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→shocked adj．震惊的→shocking adj．令人震惊的 4．breathe vi．& vt．呼吸→breath n．呼吸 5．revive vt．& vi．复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏 6．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．痛苦；苦难→sufferer n．受苦者 7．wise adj．明智的；有智慧的→wisdom n．智慧；才智→wisely adv．明智地；有智慧地 短语 词块 1．as if　　　　　　　 似乎；好像；仿佛 2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 3．in shock 震惊；吃惊 4．blow away 吹走；刮走 5．come to an end 结束 6．fall down 倒塌 7．cut across　　　　 穿过；贯穿；抄近路 8．as usual 和往常一样 9．dig out 挖出 10．the number of ……的数量 11．on one's feet (困境后)恢复，站立着 12．tireless efforts 不懈的努力 经典 佳句 1．too．．．to．．．太……而不能…… 教材原句：Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings． 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 2．as if引导表语从句 教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Thousands of children were left without parents． 成千上万的孩子失去了父母。 任务二　语言知识默写(Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking) Ⅰ．单词默写 1．____________　 vt．损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 2．____________ vt．摧毁；毁灭 3．____________ vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 4．____________ n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt．保护；掩蔽 vi．躲避 (风雨或危险) 5．____________ n．& vt．破坏；毁坏 6．____________ n．电；电能 7．____________ vt．使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 8．____________ vt．埋葬；安葬 9．____________ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 10．____________ vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过→______________ n．幸存者；生还者→____________ n．幸存；生还 11．____________ vi．死；死亡→____________ n．死；死亡→____________ adj．死的；无生命的→dying adj．垂死的；临终的 12．____________ n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊→____________ adj．震惊的→____________ adj．令人震惊的 13．____________ vi．& vt．呼吸→__________ n．呼吸 14．______________ vt．& vi．复活；(使)苏醒→____________ n．振兴；复苏 15．____________ vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→____________ n．痛苦；苦难→____________ n．受苦者 16．________________ adj．明智的；有智慧的→____________ n．智慧；才智→____________ adv．明智地；有智慧地 Ⅱ．短语默写 1．________________ 　 似乎；好像；仿佛 2．________________ 严重受损；破败不堪 3．________________ 震惊；吃惊 4．________________ 吹走；刮走 5．________________ 结束 6．________________ 倒塌 7．________________ 穿过；贯穿；抄近路 8．________________ 和往常一样 9．________________ 挖出 10．________________ ……的数量 11．________________ (困境后)恢复，站立着 12．________________ 不懈的努力 Ⅲ．句型默写 1．鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 Chickens and even pigs were ________________________， and dogs refused to go inside buildings．(too．．．to．．．) 2．仿佛世界末日即将来临！ ________________________ the world were coming to an end！(as if引导表语从句) 3．成千上万的孩子失去了父母。 Thousands of children were _____________．(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.damage　2.destroy　3.affect　4.shelter　5.ruin　6.electricity　7.trap　8.bury　9.effort　10.survive；survivor；survival　11.die；death；dead　12.shock；shocked；shocking　13.breathe；breath　14.revive；revival　15.suffer；suffering；sufferer　16.wise；wisdom；wisely Ⅱ.1.as if　2.in ruins　3.in shock　4.blow away　5．come to an end　6.fall down　7.cut across　8．as usual　9.dig out　10.the number of　11．on one's feet　12.tireless efforts Ⅲ.1.too nervous to eat　2.It seemed as if　3．left without parents 任务三　语言知识狂背(The Rest of the Unit) 阅读 单词 1．typhoon　　 n．台风 2．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 3．tap vi．& vt．轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 4．whistle　　 vi．吹口哨；发出笛声 vt．吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声 5．pipe n．管子；管道 6．summary n．总结；概括；概要 核心 单词 1．supply　　 n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品 vt．供应；供给 2．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况 3．calm adj．镇静的；沉着的 vt．使平静； 使镇静 4．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi．& vt．(formal)帮助；援助 5．crash　　 vt．& vi．碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 6．sweep vt．& vi．(swept，swept)打扫；清扫 7．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi．& vt．挥手；招手 8．strike vi．& vt．(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭； 突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 拓展 单词 1．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj．强大的；强有力的→powerless adj．无力的；没有能力的；无权力的 2．erupt vi．& vt．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．爆发 3．deliver vt．& vi．递送；传达 vt．发表→delivery n．递送；传达 4．effect n．影响；结果；效果→effective adj．有效的 5．length n．长；长度→long adj．长的→lengthen vt．加长 短语 词块 1．sweep away　　　　 消灭；彻底消除 2．in the open air 露天；在户外 3．on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 4．stay/keep calm 保持平静 5．stay away from 远离 6．make sure　　　　　　　 确保 7．at least 至少 8．give sb a clear idea of 让某人清楚地了解 9．put up 搭起 10．first aid kit 急救箱 经典 佳句 1．be doing sth when．．．正在做某事，这时…… 教材原句：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home． 我和三个孩子正在吃早饭， 这时海水开始灌入屋内。 2．“the number of＋名词复数”，谓语动词用单数形式 教材原句：Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days． 仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。 3．make＋it＋形容词/名词(宾语补足语)＋to do/that从句 教材原句：However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies． 然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 任务四　语言知识默写(The Rest of the Unit) Ⅰ．单词默写 1．____________ 　 n．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品 vt．供应；供给 2．____________ n．突发事件；紧急情况 3．____________ adj．镇静的；沉着的 vt．使平静；使镇静 4．____________ n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi．& vt．(formal)帮助；援 助 5．____________ vt．& vi．碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 6．____________ vt．& vi．打扫；清扫 7．____________ n．海浪；波浪 vi．& vt．挥手；招手 8．____________ vi．& vt．侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 9．____________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→____________ adj．强大的；强有力的→____________ adj．无力的；没有能力的；无权力的 10．____________ vi．& vt．(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→____________ n．爆发 11．____________ vt．& vi．递送；传达 vt．发表→____________ n．递送；传达 12．__________ n．影响；结果；效果→________ adj．有效的 13．____________ adj．长的→____________ n．长；长度→____________ vt．加长 Ⅱ．短语默写 1．________________　　　 消灭；彻底消除 2．________________ 露天；在户外 3．________________ 现有(尤指帮助) 4．________________ 保持平静 5．________________ 远离 6．________________ 确保 7．________________ 至少 8．________________ 让某人清楚地了解 9．________________ 搭起 10．________________ 急救箱 Ⅲ．句型默写 1．我和三个孩子正在吃早饭， 这时海水开始灌入屋内。 I _____________________________ water started filling my home．(be doing sth when．．．正在做某事，这时……) 2．仍有成千上万人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还将增加。 Thousands of people are still missing, and ________________________ expected to grow even higher over the next few days．(“the number of＋名词复数”，谓语动词用单数形式) 3．然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难 However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will _____________．[make＋it＋形容词/名词(宾语补足语)＋to do/that从句] 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.supply　2.emergency　3.calm　4.aid　5.crash　6.sweep　7.wave　8.strike　9.power；powerful；powerless　10.erupt；eruption　11.deliver；delivery　12.effect；effective　13.long；length；lengthen Ⅱ.1.sweep away　2.in the open air　3.on hand　4．stay/keep calm　5.stay away from　6.make sure　7.at least　8.give sb a clear idea of　9.put up　10．first aid kit Ⅲ.1.was having breakfast with my three children when　2.the number of deaths is　3.make it difficult to deliver food and supplies 任务五　写作素材狂背 Ⅰ．概要写作 常用句式(一) 1．This article/passage mainly tells a story about．．．这篇文章主要讲述一个关于……的故事。 2．This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores．．．这篇文章主要处理/讨论/探索…… 3．This article focuses on the topic of．．．这篇文章关注……的话题。 4．This essay presents knowledge that．．．这篇短文呈现关于……的知识。 5．In this passage (about．．．)，the author．．．在这篇(关于……的)文章里，作者…… 6．The author began the essay/passage by telling/presenting．．．作者通过讲述/呈现……开始这篇短文/文章。 7．First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part，the author argues/explains/mentions/states/points out (that)．．． 首先，作者论证/解释/提及/陈述/指出…… 8．Secondly/Next/Then/In the next part/In the main part，the author goes on with．．． 第二/接下来/然后/在下一部分/在主要部分，作者继续…… 9．Finally，the author stresses that．．．最后，作者强调…… 常用句式(二) 1．．．．should never be underestimated．　绝不能低估…… 2．．．．is our unshakable duty． ……是我们不可推卸的责任。 3．We should make joint efforts to．．． 我们应该共同努力去做…… 4．reach an absolute consensus on．．． 就……达到绝对共识 5．．．．should never be sacrificed to make way for．．． 不应当牺牲……来实现…… 6．Mastering the approaches to．．．is of vital significance． 掌握……的方法具有重要的意义。 7．We can't emphasize the importance of．．．too much/enough． 我们再强调……也不为过。 8．It takes the endeavor of both．．．and．．．to do．．． 需要……和……的努力来…… 9．It is a win­win strategy that benefits both．．．and．．． 这是双赢的策略，对……和……都有利。 10．Weighing the pros and cons, its better to．．．instead of．．． 权衡利弊，最适宜的方法应当是……而不是…… 11．Recently the problem/phenomenon has been brought into focus． 最近，该问题/现象已经得到了关注。 12．Despite the concern that．．．, we are convinced that．．．尽管存在……的担忧，但我们相信…… 13．In view of the actual situation, we adopt some indispensable measures and find out a suitable method．针对实际情况，我们采取了一些必要的措施，找到了适合的方法。 Ⅱ．读后续写 动作描写(五)　脚部动作 主题语境单词 1．walk v．走　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2．creep v．匍匐爬行 3．march v．行走，快步走 4．tread v．踩，踏 5．limp v．跛行 6．wander v．漫步；闲逛 7．hop v．单脚跳 8．race v．快速奔跑 9．trot v．小跑 10．step v．迈步；踩，踏 11．run v．跑 12．scramble v．攀登 13．sneak v．偷偷地走 14．tramp v．步行 15．tiptoe v．用脚尖走 16．leap/skip/spring v．跳跃 17．dash v．猛冲；急奔 18．rush v．急速行进 19．charge v．猛冲 20．kick v．踢 21．crawl v．爬行 22．climb v．攀登 23．jump v．跳 24．stagger/stumble v．蹒跚 25．pace v．来回踱步 26．slip v．溜走，滑倒 27．chase v．追逐 28．gallop v．飞奔 29．thunder v．轰隆隆地快速移动 30．flee v．逃走 主题语境词块 1．make one's way 前往 ＝ head to　　　　　 2．fight one's way 奋勇前进 3．wind one's way 蜿蜒前行 4．rise/get to one's feet 站起来 5．drag one's feet 拖着脚步 6．put one's feet up 翘起脚休息 7．feel one's way 摸索着前进 8．push one's way 挤着前进 9．elbow/force one's way 挤着向前走 10．jump/leap to one's feet 跳起来 11．tap/stamp one's feet 跺脚 主题语境佳句 1．He sprang to his feet and rushed to give me a bear hug． 他突然跳起来，冲过来给了我一个熊抱。 2．He marched into the kitchen without knocking．他没有敲门就大步走进厨房。 3．The burglar sneaked into the kitchen and stole a dozen eggs．窃贼潜入厨房并偷走了一打鸡蛋。 4．Jane always got home at midnight and crept back to her room． 简总是到深夜才回家，然后悄摸摸地回到房间。 5．We were stumbling around in the dark looking for a candle．我们在黑暗中跌跌撞撞，四处寻找蜡烛。 6．She jumped to her feet when she heard this amazing news．当她听到这个惊人的消息时，突然跳了起来。 7．When the mother chatting happily with her customer, her daughter is stamping/tapping her feet impatiently to imply it's time to go． 当母亲高兴地和顾客聊天时，女儿不耐烦地跺脚，暗示该走了。 8．She dragged her feet as she reluctantly followed her parents． 她不情愿地跟着父母，缓慢地拖沓着脚步。 9．Then her eyes widened in surprise as she saw Helen rise to her feet． 当她看到海伦站起来时，惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 10．She planted her feet firmly to the ground and refused to move an inch． 她稳稳地站在地上，寸步不肯挪动。 11．He waited until his daughter was asleep, then tiptoed quietly out of the room． 他等女儿睡着后才蹑手蹑脚地悄悄走出房间。 基于主题素材的片段背诵 场景提示：在某天傍晚，Rocky Lyons的母亲正开车在乡下行驶，突然，车冲下道路…… Rocky Lyons was five years old when his mother Kelly was driving through rural Alabama on an evening．Suddenly, the car turned over down to a valley．Rocky moved out from under Kelly，slid through the open window and tried to pull his mother out．But she didn't move．Rocky crawled back into the truck and managed to push Kelly out of the crashed truck．He then told her they'd climb up to the road and stop a car to get help．Hearing the encouragement from Rocky，Kelly picked up the hope and felt her way in the dark．It was midnight when they reached the road．Due to tiredness, Rocky fell down at the moment he stepped on the ground．However, he rose to his feet on shaky legs, yelling out aloud for help．Fortunately, a car stopped and the mother and son were rushed to the hospital． 当Rocky Lyons五岁的时候，在一天的傍晚，他的母亲Kelly正开车穿过亚拉巴马州的乡村地区。突然，车子翻滚下到一个山谷。Rocky从Kelly身下爬出来，滑过开着的窗户，试图把他的母亲拉出来。但她没有动。Rocky又爬回卡车里，设法把Kelly从撞毁的卡车里推出来。然后他告诉她，他们要爬到路上去拦车求助。听到Rocky的鼓励，Kelly重新燃起了希望，在黑暗中摸索前行。当他们到达路面时，已经是午夜了。由于疲劳，Rocky一踏上地面就倒下了。然而，他摇摇晃晃地站了起来，大声呼救。幸运的是，一辆车停了下来，母子俩被紧急送往医院。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $