UNIT 5 Section IV Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“人与自我——语言学习”主题，以Frank Smith名言导入引发兴趣，核心聚焦语言学习类写作指导，通过明确体裁话题、时态人称、文章架构的要点清单，结合词汇地道用法（如catch比understand更贴切）和句式解析（状语从句、动名词短语等），搭建写作支架帮助学生构建清晰的表达框架。 其亮点在于“主题引领·写作培优”环节，从词汇精准运用（如bridge作动词表“消除隔阂”）、句式灵活运用（if条件状语从句、宾语从句等）到段落逻辑层次（问题-建议自然过渡），系统提升学生语言能力与思维品质。采用学生范文案例分析的教学方法，学生能掌握实用写作策略，教师可直接用于课堂写作指导与课后分层训练，提高教学效率。

One language sets you in a corridor for life . Two languages open every door along the way. —Frank Smith 一门语言能带进你进入人生旅途，两门语言则为你开启人生旅途中所有的大门。 ——弗兰克·史密斯 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 主题语境：人与自我——语言学习 UNIT 5 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 1．在词汇上： 第二段倒数第三句中使用catch一词要比使用understand 更地道。 第四段第三句中的bridge一词是名词用作动词，表示“减小、消除两者间的隔阂、鸿沟或分歧”。 2．在句式上： 第二段倒数第三句使用了when引导的时间状语从句(When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video)来举例说明作者在英语学习中存在的问题。 第三段第一句和第二句分别使用了动名词短语(Listening to English radio programmes)作主语和宾语从句(what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language)来表达作者的建议。同时在呈现作者英语学习存在的问题时也使用了宾语从句(who I'm talking to)。 第二段：运用并列连词but自然过渡到刘文在英语学习中存在的问题。 第三段：佳欣先分享了自己听力学习的经验，然后提出了自己在英语学习中存在的问题，逻辑清晰、层次分明。 第四段：李瑞先针对佳欣的问题提出建议，而后表达自己在英语学习中存在的问题，逻辑清晰。 第四段运用三个if引导的条件状语从句以及动名词短语作宾语(opening the window)等句式提出了“如何用英语得体地表达”的建议。 课后分层练 18 Section IV Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的；能胜任的；平等的 vt.比得上；敌得过（联想：equally adv.平等地；同样地；也） 【教材原句】　...I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we're equals... ……我可以用简短的请求， 如“打开窗户”， 这是因为我们关系密切， 彼此平等…… without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 be equal to (doing) sth 胜任（做）某事 equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上比得过某人/物 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ① (equal) importantly, we should develop a good habit of living. ②I'm certain my experience and knowledge will ensure my being equal the position. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（话题写作之人物介绍）据说他是一名无与伦比的篮球运动员。 It is said that he is a basketball player ． Equally to without equal demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 （联想：demanding adj.要求高的；苛刻的） 【教材原句】　...I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand...……那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句， 而不是一个要求…… 【要点归纳】 (1)be in (great) demand （迫切）需求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 (2)demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth 要求……（应该）做某事 【佳句必背】　 During the performance, it is demanded that all of you keep quiet and watch the performance carefully.（应用文之通知） 演出期间，请大家保持安静，仔细观看。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The classes in senior high school were (demand), but the teachers were supportive and encouraging. ②The government official demanded (tell) everything about the damage the flood had caused. demanding to be told 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③地震灾区急需营救人员。他们将尽全力满足灾区人们的需求。 The rescue workers are in the area which was struck by the earthquake.They will make every effort to the people of the disaster area. in great demand meet/satisfy the demand(s) of relate vt.联系；讲述（联想：related adj.有关的　relation n．关系；联系） 【教材原句】　Does each sentence relate to the main idea？每个句子是否都与主旨相关？ 【要点归纳】 (1)relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 (2)be related to 与……有关 (3)in relation to 关于 【佳句必背】　I'm a science student now, so I should choose a major that is related to science and engineering.（话题写作之个人打算）我现在是理科生，所以我应该选择一个与理工科相关的专业。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①I take an active part in all kinds of activities (relate) to English. ②Seeing your notice in (relate) to the activity, I am eager to be one of the host families. related relation 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③（读后续写之动作描写）当她把这个故事讲给我听后，我想这个行为真的很感人。 After she I thought about how touching this deed really was. related this story to me, have trouble with sth 在某方面有麻烦；做某事有困难 【教材原句】　I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. 以前我的英语成绩还挺好的，但是现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。 【要点归纳】 have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有麻烦/困难 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Knowing that you have trouble in (learn) Chinese, I'm writing to give you some advice. 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ②（应用文之演讲稿）无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心地帮助我们。 ，our teachers always help us patiently. learning Whenever we have trouble with our studies Wang Le Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with learning English? Liu Wen Hi！I've been studying English since primary school.I used to get high marks in English, but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening.When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words.I can never quite get the main idea.Any advice? 写一篇语言学习的博客 Jia Xin Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk.I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language.Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host's！My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.It's so much easier to just say “Open the window！”， but in English that can sound really terrible.I have to think about who I'm talking to and then decide whether to say, “Open the window, please！” or “Could you open the window, please？” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please？” Li Rui Yeah, that's really hard! I think it all depends on who you're talking to.If I'm talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we're equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.But if I'm talking to someone who isn't very close to me, I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question, not a demand, e．g., “Could you open the window, please？” If I'm talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please？” For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words! I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can't remember how to use them all properly.HELP！ 学习英语 王乐：嗨， 大家好， 请问你们在学习英语时遇到的最大问题是什么？ 刘文：你好！ 我从小学就一直在学英语。以前我的英语成绩还挺好的， 但是现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。我在视频中听母语是英语的人说话时， 只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 佳欣： 收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述听到的内容， 以此来培养语感。有时候， 我甚至还给自己录音， 那样一来， 我可以听自己的发音， 并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！ 我最头痛的问题是如何用英语得体地表达。说“打开窗户！”很容易， 可是在英语里， 这样说听起来感觉很糟糕。我得考虑到我在跟谁说话， 然后再决定是说“请打开窗户！”还是“请你打开窗户， 好吗？”或者说句更长的“请问， 您介意打开窗户吗？” 李瑞： 是啊， 这真的很难！ 我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。如果我是跟一个亲密的朋友说话， 我可以用简短的请求， 如“打开窗户”， 这是因为我们关系密切， 彼此平等， 所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。但是， 如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话， 那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句， 而不是一个要求， 例如： “麻烦你打开窗户， 好吗？”如果我是在跟一个辈分或职位比我高的人说话， 那么我得说： “请问， 您是否介意打开窗户呢？”对我来说， 词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！ 我无法在脑子里记住所有的生词， 当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。帮帮我吧！ 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友迈克(Mike)正在学习中文，他在博客中询问你如何提高中文水平。请你用英语给他回帖，就如何提高中文水平向他提出建议。内容要点如下： 1．课内外多说、多听中文； 2．每周看中文电影和电视剧； 3．同学之间进行汉字听写比赛。 注意：词数80左右。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 join in some activities I think you may try to join in some activities which are beneficial to you. Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．对于你不知道怎么学好中文，我感到很抱歉。 I'm sorry that ． 2．我建议你应该尽可能多地花时间练习听中文和说中文。 I recommend that as often as possible. 3．我认为你可以尝试参加一些活动。这些活动会对你有益处。 I think you may try to ．These activities you. [升级]合并升级为定语从句 you don't know how to learn Chinese well you (should) spend more time practising listening and speaking Chinese are beneficial to 4．我认为每周看中文电影和电视剧会大有益处。 I Chinese films and TV series every week. 5．只要你坚持练习，你的中文一定会取得很大进步。 As long as you keep up practising, you ． 6．我祝愿你在学习中文方面能够快速进步，取得成功！ I wish you in learning Chinese! think it very useful to watch will make great progress in Chinese rapid progress and great success Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 Dear Mike， I'm sorry that you don't know how to learn Chinese well.My suggestions are as follows： To begin with, I suggest that you should spend more time practising listening and speaking Chinese as often as possible.Then I think it very useful to watch Chinese films and TV series every week.Thirdly, I think you may try to join in some activities which are beneficial to you, such as Chinese dictation competition between classmates. As long as you keep up practising, you will make great progress in Chinese.I wish you rapid progress and great success in learning Chinese! Yours， Li Hua Ⅰ.单词拼写 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 Ⅲ.完成句子 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Ⅲ.完形填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 gap vocabulary Ⅰ.单词拼写（每小题1分，共8分） 1．For one thing, bicycles don't need any （油气） and they are energy­saving. 2．Upon getting to our school, we will lead you to your （公寓） to have a rest. 3．Both parents and teenagers must try to bridge the generation （差距） between them. 4．Reading Chinese newspapers and magazines will be helpful, which can enlarge your （词汇）. petrol apartment subways 5．For me, Chinese is my native （语言） and I'm excellent at it. 6．He decided to （乞求） his father to forgive him for his bad behavior. 7．I'm very glad to know that you're coming to China as an exchange student next （学期）. 8．You can find almost every means of transport here, like buses, taxis, trains and （地铁）. tongue beg semester demanding Ⅱ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共8分） 1．From your letter, I know you have difficulty (make) new friends in high school. 2．It is (equal) important that you should have a regular lifestyle. 3．Hearing you are interested in Chinese painting, I am writing to give you a detailed (describe) of it. 4．She loved helping others and found the job (demand), but always rewarding. making equally description harder 5．I have done some (relate) work before and I'm eager to learn more about protecting animals. 6．At first, curious to see what would happen, I did not mind (do) this. 7．I didn't think I could ever get used to (live) in a big city after living in the country. 8．As a matter of fact, the more a student is encouraged, the (hard) he will learn. related doing living Ⅲ.完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1．得知你在英语书面表达上有困难，我乐意给你一些建议。 Learning that you ，I am willing to offer you some tips. 2．首先，你应该努力背诵英语文章。 Firstly，you should ． 3．你掌握的英语句子越多，你就越能创作更好的文章。 The more English sentences you master， ． have trouble with written English struggle to recite English articles the better articles you will create 4．其次，我要求你每三天写一篇作文。 Secondly，I demand that ． 5．我坚信早晚有一天没人可以在英语书面表达上比得过你。 I firmly believe that no one can ． you (should) write one composition every three days equal you in written English sooner or later confused opening depends relationship the biggest properly Ⅳ.课文语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） Chinese students who are learning English often meet with some problems.Liu Wen used to get high marks，1 now he is having much trouble 2 his listening.Jia Xin suggests that Liu Wen should listen to English radio programmes 3 (improve) his listening.However, Jia Xin is also 4 (confuse) about how to be polite in English.For example, he can't decide whether to say “Open the window, please！” or “Would you mind 5 (open) the window, please？” Li Rui tells Jia Xin how to be polite in English all 6 (depend) on who you are talking to.If your 7 (relation) is close and you are equals, you only need a few words to bridge 8 gap.But vocabulary is Li Rui's 9 (big) problem.She can't remember so many new words and how to use them 10 (proper).Therefore, she also needs help. but with to improve Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共10分） （2025·大连高一检测）Learning English in China has become more than just a school subject.A recent research paper titled “The effectiveness of AI (artificial intelligence) on English language learning achievement” stresses the significant role of AI in changing English language education in China.This study, with data from 40 studies across ten countries, shows that AI has a deep effect on English language learning achievement, suggesting a change in how English is taught and learned. The research indicates that AI applications, such as adaptive learning systems and intelligent tutoring systems, have been particularly beneficial in improving students' English abilities.This is because of the personalized and adaptive learning experiences these tools provide, making students' progress visible, offering immediate feedback, and recommending suitable learning resources. A later study “The importance of English in primary school education in China: opinions of students”， highlights the positive attitudes of students towards English education and their support for its early introduction.However, it also notes that English is often considered as less important than core subjects like Chinese and mathematics, primarily due to fewer teaching hours for it.This point stresses a broader debate on the status and importance of English in the Chinese education system. In the context of teacher preferences, “Exploring Chinese students' opinions of native and non­native English speaker teachers” shows while native English­speaking teachers are often preferred, the study indicates that non­native English­speaking teachers are also valued for their professionalism and teaching skills.This finding suggests a need for a more balanced appreciation of teaching abilities beyond linguistic origins. These studies paint a picture of an English learning landscape in China, where technology, educational policy, and social values meet. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章借助几项不同的研究，呈现了中国英语学习领域中多因素相互交织的现状，展现出当下中国英语学习的整体图景。 1．What does the first research focus on? A．AI's impact on English learning. B．The limitation of AI's application. C．Achievements in English teaching. D．The importance of English learning. √ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段可知，第一项研究着重强调了人工智能在改变中国英语语言教育方面的重要作用，也就是关注人工智能对英语学习的影响，故选A。 2．How does AI improve learners' English abilities? A．By sharing students' learning experiences. B．With the latest resources provided by tutors. C．With negative feedback on students' progress. D．By offering learning patterns suited to personal needs. √ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中“This is because of the personalized and adaptive learning experiences these tools provide, making students' progress visible, offering immediate feedback, and recommending suitable learning resources.”可知，人工智能通过提供适合个人需求的学习模式来提升学习者的英语能力，故选D。 3．What is the students' opinion on English learning? A．They are pleased with the education system. B．They prefer fewer hours for English learning. C．They consider it much more important than other subjects. D．They welcome the early introduction for English education. √ 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中“A later study ‘The importance of English in primary school education in China: opinions of students’， highlights the positive attitudes of students towards English education and their support for its early introduction.”可知，学生对英语学习的观点是支持英语教育尽早引入，故选D。 4．Which is the best title of the passage? A．English Teachers Wanted B．Education Landscape in China C．English Learning in China D．More Than Just a School Subject 解析：选C。主旨大意题。文章开篇指出在中国学习英语已不只是一门学校课程，接着分别阐述了关于人工智能对英语学习影响的研究、学生对小学英语教育重要性的看法以及学生对英语教师（母语和非母语）的看法等内容，整体都是围绕中国英语学习这一主题展开的，故选C。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·东莞高一检测）The benefits of language learning are well recorded.Learning a new language can improve your problem­solving skills, memory function, and creative thinking, to name but a few.1(　　) Here are four reasons to learn Chinese. 2(　　) With over 1 billion speakers, you can meet native Chinese speakers all over the world.Chinese people in general are warm and welcoming and they will appreciate your efforts to learn their language! The Chinese language is a door to an amazing culture. 3(　　)Or maybe you just love Chinese food and want an excuse to eat more Kung Pao Chicken.Speaking Chinese opens gateway to a deeper understanding of 5，000 years of Chinese history and culture. Chinese proficiency （熟练） creates countless economic chances. China's economy has developed so much over the past 40 years that it is now one of the world's largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).4(　　) Proficiency in the Chinese language puts you several steps ahead of the rest of the workforce.In fact, it is often a requirement for those who wish to work in China or with Chinese people. Language acquisition （习得） advances your brain function! Studies show the cognitive （认知的） benefits of language learning.5(　　) It is a language that is likely very different from what you might have studied before.Imagine communicating using a written form that makes up meanings from symbols. A．Chinese proficiency makes traveling easy. B．Many locals speak Chinese rather than English. C．Chinese is a widely spoken language. D．Maybe you want to explore the ancient Chinese classics. E．Whatever your reason, the language learning journey is well worth it. F．There are now many chances for those interested in working in China. G．There's possibly no better way to get these benefits than to study Chinese. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。向读者介绍了学习中文的不同理由。 1．解析：选E。上文介绍了学习一种新语言的益处。下文“Here are four reasons to learn Chinese.（这里有四个学习中文的理由）”介绍学习中文的四个理由。E项与上文为语义上的顺承关系。同时E项中的“reason”与下文中的“reasons”为原词复现关系。故选E。 2．解析：选C。下文介绍了学习中文的相关背景知识，突出了使用中文的人数量之大。C项与下文语意一致，应为中心句。且“over 1 billion speakers”与C项中的“a widely spoken language”相照应。故选C。 3．解析：选D。下文介绍中国的饮食文化。D项介绍中国的经典文化，与下文之间为选择关系，二者皆是对文化层面的解释。且与本部分小标题中的“amazing culture”相照应，指出学习中文可以帮助学习者领略中国文化。故选D。 4．解析：选F。下文介绍学习中文的好处。F项与下文之间为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习中文可以提高学习者在职场上的竞争力。F项中的“working”与下文中的“workforce”相照应。故选F。 5．解析：选G。上文介绍语言学习在认知方面会带给学习者诸多好处。G项与上文为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习中文会帮助学习者感受到这些益处。G项中的“these benefits”指代上文中的“the cognitive benefits of language learning”。故选G。 Ⅲ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分） My Chinese Speaking Experience It's one thing to learn a language, but it's quite another when you finally get to use it. On the 　1　 from Venice to Paris, a group of girls sat around me.I realized that they were speaking Chinese, but at first I didn't feel 　2　 starting a conversation with the strangers next to me.If it didn't 　3　 well, I'd be stuck next to them for the rest of the flight. As the food cart began to make its way down the aisle （过道） towards us, I found my 　4　 at last.I 　5　 to the girl to my left and asked, “Will you be having lunch？” in Chinese.She 　6　 her head and asked me in English, “You speak Chinese？” I 　7　 again in Chinese, “A little bit.” She nodded again and then returned to her magazine, 　8　 my effort to communicate with her. Another time, at a dinner I sat next to a man who I knew spoke Chinese.I told him that I was learning Chinese, but could only 　9　 a little.When 　10　 me use the language, he suddenly began to speak 　11　 in Chinese.I didn't catch him at all.I felt somewhat 　12　．I never 　13　 the chance to continue because the conversation returned to 　14　 as other people speaking English joined the table. All in all, my experience has 　15　 me that I still have a long way to go in using Chinese. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一次在飞机上用中文和旁边人对话的经历，这次经历让作者明白自己还要做很多努力学习中文。 1．A．subway B．train C．plane D．highway 解析：选C。根据下文“I'd be stuck next to them for the rest of the flight”可知，此处为在从威尼斯飞往巴黎的飞机(plane)上，一群女孩坐在我周围。subway地铁；train火车；highway公路。 √ 2．A．satisfied B．lucky C．happy D．comfortable √ 解析：选D。根据下文“I'd be stuck next to them for the rest of the flight.”可推知，一开始我觉得和旁边的陌生人聊天很不舒服(comfortable)。satisfied满意的；lucky幸运的；happy高兴的。 3．A．go B．fit C．feel D．do √ 解析：选A。根据该句中的“I'd be stuck next to them for the rest of the flight.”可知，如果不顺利，接下来的飞行中我都要被困在他们旁边了。go well意为“进展顺利”。fit适合；feel感觉；do做。 4．A．ticket B．seat C．context D．chance √ 解析：选D。根据该句中的“As the food cart began to make its way down the aisle towards us”以及下文的问话可知，此处为当餐车开始沿着过道向我们走来时，我终于找到了说中文的机会(chance)。ticket票；seat座位；context语境，上下文。 5．A．promised B．turned C．led D．referred √ 解析：选B。根据该句中的“to the girl to my left and asked”可知，我转向我左边的女孩问道。turn to sb意为“转向某人”。promised承诺；led领导；referred参考。 6．A．lowered B．nodded C．uplifted D．shook √ 解析：选B。根据下文“She nodded again”可知，她点了点(nodded)头，用英语问我：“你会说中文吗？”lowered降低；uplifted上升；shook摇动。 7．A．agreed B．stressed C．tried D．delivered √ 解析：选C。根据该句中的“again in Chinese”可知，我又用中文试了(tried)一次。agreed同意；stressed强调；delivered递送。 8．A．ending B．reminding C．focusing D．increasing √ 解析：选A。根据该句中的“ then returned to her magazine”可知，她又开始看上杂志，结束了(ending)我与她努力地交流。reminding提醒；focusing专注；increasing增加。 9．A．say B．hear C．reflect D．speak √ 解析：选D。根据上文提到的作者会说一点点中文，以及上文“Another time, at a dinner I sat next to a man who I knew spoke Chinese.”可推知，我告诉他我正在学习中文，但只会说(speak)一点。say说；hear听到；reflect显示，反映。 A．letting B．seeing C．hearing D．helping √ 解析：选C。根据下文“he suddenly began to speak 　11　 in Chinese”可知，当听到(hearing)我使用中文时，他突然开始用中文说得很快。letting让；seeing看见；helping帮助。 A．quickly B．gently C．calmly D．loudly 解析：选A。根据下文“I didn't catch him at all.”可知，他突然开始用中文说得很快(quickly)。gently温柔地；calmly镇静地；loudly吵闹地。 √ A．satisfied B．embarrassed C．excited D．interested √ 解析：选B。根据上文“I didn't catch him at all.”可知，我完全听不懂他说的，因此感到有些尴尬(embarrassed)。satisfied满意的；excited激动的；interested 感兴趣的。 A．got B．missed C．exchanged D．gave √ 解析：选A。根据该句中的“to continue”可推知，我再也没有机会继续了，因为当其他说英语的人坐到桌旁时，谈话又回到了英语上。get the chance to do“有机会做某事”。missed错过；exchanged交换；gave给予。 A．Chinese B．French C．English D．Italian √ 解析：选C。根据该句中的“as other people speaking English joined the table”可知，当其他说英语的人坐到桌旁时，谈话又回到了英语(English)上。Chinese中文；French法语；Italian意大利语。 A．requested B．left C．regarded D．taught √ 解析：选D。根据下文“I still have a long way to go in using Chinese.”可推知，我的经历教给(taught)我，我在使用中文方面还有很长的路要走。requested要求；left离开；regarded当作。 $