UNIT 4 Section III Discovering Useful Structures—Restrictive relative clauses (1)-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

Live to Tell : Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality. —United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016) 用生命呼吁： 增强减灾意识，减少人员伤亡。 ——联合国国际减灾战略 NATURAL DISASTERS 主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害 UNIT 4 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 14 Section III Discovering Useful Structures— Restrictive relative clauses (1) (that，which，who，whom，whose) 分析下列课文原句 1．There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 2．Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 3．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000. 4．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 5．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 【我的感悟】 定语从句的概念 由关系代词 等引导，修饰名词或代词，置于被修饰词的 。 关系代词的作用 关系代词在定语从句中可以作 。 who，whom，which，that，whose 后面 主语、宾语、表语或定语 一、定义 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句；被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词；连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as等；关系副词有when、where、why等。 ①To further deepen your understanding of Chinese culture, I have a few suggestions that might be helpful. 为了进一步加深你对中国文化的了解，我有一些建议可能会有所帮助。 ②For those who want to pay a visit to Wuhan, there are many buses coming directly to scenic spots. 对于那些想要参观武汉的人来说，有很多直达景点的公共汽车。 ③China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 二、定语从句中关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 在句中所作的成分 that 人、物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人、物 定语 as 人、物 主语、宾语、表语 1.who代替指人的先行词，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 ①All the teachers and students who are interested in the event are welcome to participate.（作主语） 欢迎所有对本次活动感兴趣的师生参加。 ②He is the athlete (who) I met yesterday.（作宾语） 他就是我昨天遇见的那个运动员。 2．whom代替指人的先行词， 在定语从句中作宾语， 可省略。 ①I'd really like to find a friend (whom) I can trust completely. 我真的很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。 ②There are many people with whom you can share your feelings. 有很多你可以与之分享感受的人。 【点拨】　(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。 The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John's elder brother. 昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。 (2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。 The young man to whom you spoke just now is my elder brother. 刚才和你说话的那个年轻人是我哥哥。 3．whose代替指人或指物的先行词，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。 ①Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。 ②He lives in a room whose window faces north. 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。 whose ————即学即练1———— 用适当的关系代词填空 ①As a Chinese is interested in travelling, I would like to introduce my favourite city—Beijing. ②Those want to see the film set down your names, please. ③The doctor my father worked with last year has gone abroad. ④In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. who who whom/who/that 4．which代替指物的先行词， 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 ①Everywhere I saw, there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.（作主语） 目光所及之处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。 ②The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.（作宾语） 她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 ③This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.（作介词in的宾语） 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 5．that代替指人或指物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 ①This is the novel that interests me.（指物，作主语） 这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。 ②The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.（指物，作宾语） 我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。 ③The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.（指人，作主语） 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 6．as 引导限制性定语从句时，它通常要与such，as/so, the same 搭配，构成such(...)as, the same(...)as, as/so...as这样的固定搭配，同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 ①I am glad to have the same medal as you have.（as作宾语） 我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。 ②It was as touching a film as was ever seen.（第二个as作主语） 这是一部非常感人的影片。 ————即学即练2———— 用适当的关系词填空 ①Look, here are some people I want you to meet. ②I still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago. ③The picture was about the accident was terrible. who/whom/that that/which which/that 三、只用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况 1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ①The first thing (that) we should do is work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是制订一个计划。 ②This is the most delicious food (that) I have ever had. 这是我吃过的最美味的食物。 2．当先行词是all, any, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 I work on anything that excites me. 我做任何让我兴奋的事情。 3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 The only thing (that) we need to think about is how to deal with it. 我们唯一需要考虑的就是如何解决它。 4．当先行词既包括人又包括物时。 We often talk about the persons and things (that) we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 5．关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。 Our school is no longer the school (that) it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。 ————即学即练3———— 用适当的关系代词填空 ①The only thing I could do is study for my goal. ②The first thing you should do is call the police at once. ③This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen. ④She would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease. ⑤We will continue doing all we can do to help you out. that that that that that that/which who/that that that 使用关系词补全下面的语段 I went to an exhibition last month, where I admired a lot of wonderful paintings.Mary, 1. drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 2. is often praised for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall where the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 3. was hung on the wall in front of us.The horse 4. was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse.The man 5. was riding on it looked like a living man.It was the best picture 6. I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7. I have ever heard of. whose who/that that/which that that 用适当的关系代词填空 1．（2025·浙江1月卷）It really messed up my relationship with food—something took me years to overcome. 2．（2025·浙江1月卷）Therefore, he was left in the care of Mrs.Hill, an old lady lived next door. 3．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. 4．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure is also beautiful. that who whose who who 5．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）After a heated discussion lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. 6．（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）My teacher had always believed in me, was proud of my achievement. 7．（2023·全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box had a picture of a woman hair color looked just perfect. 8．（2022·全国乙卷）The friend is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend has moved. that/which who that/which I.单词语法填空 Ⅱ.用限制性定语从句合并句子 III.语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 whose that that/which Ⅰ.单句语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1．The only thing matters is that safety should be given the highest priority. 2．The one won the national science competition will compete at the international level. 3．Mum is the only person advice he might listen to. 4．He felt faint again now but he held on to the great fish all the strain he could gather. 5．I lift weights because it's the form of exercise requires the least movement from me. that who which/that that/who/whom 6．The teacher asked such a difficult question no one could answer. 7．Those achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off. 8．This is the only Thai restaurant ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. 9．The canal played an important role in ancient China is now being widened. 10．The runner you are asking about is over there. as who that The girl whose hair is brown is from America. Ⅱ.用限制性定语从句合并句子（每小题2分，共20分） 1．The movie is really exciting.We watched the movie last week. → 2．The old woman is a famous artist.You talked with her just now. → 3．I came across an attractive car on the street.Its shape is smart. → 4．The girl is from America.Her hair is brown. → The movie that we watched last week is really exciting. The old woman who you talked with just now is a famous artist. I came across an attractive car on the street whose shape is smart. 5．It will make you waste too much valuable time.The valuable time should be spent on your study. → 6．Miss Green presented a prize to the student.His performance was the best in the competition. → 7．He is reading a magazine.I am reading the same magazine. → It will make you waste too much valuable time which/that should be spent on your study. Miss Green presented a prize to the student whose performance was the best in the competition. I am reading the same magazine as him. 8．The woman is our geography teacher.You saw her in the park. → 9．She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree.The tree was decorated very nicely. → 10．The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother.The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. → The woman (who/whom/that) you saw in the park is our geography teacher. She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which/that was decorated very nicely. The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A （2025·重庆高一检测）An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters.It may cause great damage.So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members. Fragile （易碎的） items, like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up.Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down.When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you. There is a strong chance of short circuits （短路） and fire outbreaks during an earthquake.Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged.Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you.Never use the elevator to go down.Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.Use the staircases at all times. If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place.Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object. If trapped in debris （碎片）， cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you.Use a whistle if one is available.Never shout for help.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous dust.Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.Do not move about or kick up dust. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章指出地震是常见的自然灾害且危害大，学习安全技巧很有必要，因此介绍了室内、户外及被困废墟时应对地震的具体安全措施。 1．Which place is the best one to put your glass cup? A．On the upper part of the cupboard. B．On the ground away from your bed. C．On the sofa near your bed. D．On the desk near the sofa. √ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fragile （易碎的） items, like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up.Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down.”可知，最好把玻璃杯放在远离床边的地上。故选B。 2．During the earthquake, people are advised to 　　　　． A．go out of the building at once B．drive to a safe place quickly C．take shelter under a tree D．turn off electricity and gas immediately √ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.”可知，在地震期间，人们应立即关闭电源和燃气。故选D。 3．What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris? A．Tap on a pipe or wall for help. B．Cover their mouths with handkerchiefs. C．Light a match for warmth. D．Use a whistle for help. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.（不要点燃火柴，因为你可能会烧伤自己）”可知，人被困在废墟中时，不应该点燃火柴取暖。故选C。 4．What's the passage mainly about? A．The damage caused by earthquakes. B．The rescue work after earthquakes. C．How to prevent earthquakes. D．What to do during earthquakes. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了发生地震时，室内、户外及被困废墟三种情况下的具体应对措施，即主要关于地震时该做什么。故选D。 √ B （2025·咸阳高一检测）A major storm moving through Northern California on Thursday dropped heavy snow and record rain, flooding some areas, after killing two people and knocking out power to hundreds of thousands in the Pacific Northwest. Forecasters warned the risk of flooding and rockslides would continue, and scores of flights were canceled at San Francisco's airport.In Washington, more than 204，000 people—mostly in the Seattle area—remained without power. The National Weather Service extended （延长） a flood watch into Saturday for areas north of San Francisco as the area was influenced by this season's strongest weather phenomenon （现象）—which forms over an ocean and flows through the sky over land.The system went ashore Tuesday as a “bomb cyclone （炸弹气旋），” which occurs when a cyclone builds up rapidly.It brought about strong winds that knocked trees onto roads, vehicles and homes, killing at least two people in Washington. Communities in Washington opened warming centers offering free Internet and device charging.Some medical clinics closed because of power outages. Santa Rosa saw 6.5 inches of rain in the last 24 hours, marking the wettest day on record since 1998.Worse still, the Sonoma County Airport, in the wine country north of San Francisco, got more than 11 inches within the last 48 hours and Venado had about 12.7 inches in the same period. In nearby Forestville, one person was hurt when a tree fell on a house.Small landslides were reported across the North Bay, including one on State Route 281 on Wednesday that caused a car crash.Daniela Alvarado said calls to her and her father's Sonoma County­based tree business have nearly doubled in recent days, with people asking for clearing trees.“We feel sad, scared, but also ready for action，” Alvarado said. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一场大风暴袭击了美国加利福尼亚州北部，带来了大雪、创纪录的降雨，导致一些地区洪水泛滥，还造成了人员伤亡、停电等情况，以及后续的一些应对措施和相关影响。 5．What is the cause of the flood in the north of San Francisco? A．Strong winds. B．Water from the ocean. C．The local narrow rivers. D．The condition in its sky. √ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，旧金山北部地区受到本季节最强天气现象的影响，这种天气现象在海洋上空形成并通过陆地天空流动，从而导致洪水预警延长。所以旧金山北部洪水的原因是天空中的天气状况。故选D。 6．The author shows how heavy the rain was 　　　 in Paragraph 5. A．by analyzing the reason B．by imagining C．by listing numbers D．through descriptions from others √ 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第五段可知，作者通过列举“6.5 inches”“more than 11 inches”“about 12.7 inches”等数字，展示了降雨量很大，也就是雨下得很大。故选C。 7．What did Alvarado mean? A．Their business doubled in size. B．Their business was prepared to offer help. C．The situation was too terrible to repair. D．People called to lend helpful hands. √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，阿尔瓦拉多和她父亲的树木生意接到的电话几乎翻倍，人们请求清理树木，她说他们感到悲伤、害怕，但也准备好采取行动，这意味着他们的生意准备好提供帮助（清理树木）。故选B。 8．Where can we read the passage? A．In a sports magazine. B．In a newspaper. C．On a health website. D．In a storybook. √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一场大风暴袭击了美国加利福尼亚州北部，带来了大雪、创纪录的降雨，导致一些地区洪水泛滥，还造成了人员伤亡、停电等情况，以及后续的一些应对措施和相关影响，这是一则关于自然灾害的新闻报道。由此可推知，我们在报纸上可以读到这篇文章。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·肇庆高一检测）Natural disasters can strike at any time, and schools are no exception.Here are some steps for students to take to survive when a natural disaster hits schools. 1(　　)．Every student should have a personal emergency kit that includes essential items such as a flashlight, batteries, a first­aid kit, water, and non­perishable food.Keeping this kit at hand can ensure students are always prepared. Practice regular drills.Regular disaster drills are just as important as fire drills.They help students learn what to do in real emergency situations.Schools should conduct such drills regularly to ensure that students know what to do when a real disaster occurs.2(　　)． Identify safe areas.Knowing where safe zones are in the school can be a lifesaver.3(　　).Examples include hallways, under desks, or designated shelter areas.These areas should be predetermined within the school and they can provide the best protection during different types of disasters. Understand the risk types.4(　　)．For example, coastal areas are more likely to experience hurricanes, and landslides are a threat in mountainous areas.Therefore, schools should teach students knowledge about the specific type of threat in their local area so that they can take appropriate action during a disaster. Take action in different situations.Students should stay calm and take immediate action based on different situations.For example, during a tornado, they should move to the lowest floor of the building and take cover under stable furniture.5(　　)．Earthquakes require us to drop to the ground, take cover under a table, and hold on until the shake stops. By following these steps, students can increase their chances of survival and minimize the impact. A．Offer immediate care B．Prepare an emergency kit C．Different areas may face different types of natural disasters D．In the event of a flood, students should move to higher grounds E．After a disaster, schools should check on all students and staff F．These drills will help students react quickly and minimize the risk G．When a disaster hits, students should head to the nearest safe area quickly [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些帮助学生应对自然灾害的措施。 1．解析：选B。空格处是该段的主题句。根据下文的内容可知，本段主要是说每个学生都应该准备一个应急包。所以，B项“Prepare an emergency kit（准备一个应急包）”可以作为主题句，填入空格处。故选B。 2．解析：选F。空格前的句子是说学校应该进行定期的灾难演练。空格处的句子应该接着说这些演练的意义。所以，F项“These drills will help students react quickly and minimize the risk（这些训练将帮助学生快速反应并将风险降到最低）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选F。 3．解析：选G。空格前的句子说明了确定安全区的意义，空格处的句子应该接着说当灾难发生时，学生应该怎样利用安全区。所以，G项“When a disaster hits, students should head to the nearest safe area quickly（当灾难发生时，学生应迅速前往最近的安全区域）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选G。 4．解析：选C。根据空格后的例子可知，空格处的句子应该提到不同地区有不同的自然灾害。所以，C项“Different areas may face different types of natural disasters（不同的地区可能面临不同类型的自然灾害）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选C。 5．解析：选D。根据该部分的主题句“Take action in different situations.（在不同的情况下采取行动。）”和空格前后的例子可知，空格处的句子也应该是涉及某种自然灾害和面对这种灾害时的正确做法。所以D项“In the event of a flood, students should move to higher grounds（万一发生洪水，学生们应该搬到地势较高的地方去）”填入空格处，符合语境。故选D Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） （2025·十堰高一检测）Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden release （释放） of energy within the Earth's crust, causing it to shake.This 1　　　　　　 (usual) happens because the large pieces of the Earth's surface, called plates, move.Knowing about earthquakes is important because we can stay safe and prepare 2　　　　　　 them. Scientists study earthquakes and use special tools 3　　　　　　 can detect （检测） and measure these shakes.Knowing the patterns （模式） 4　　　　　　 strength of the shakes, scientists can learn where and how strong the earthquakes are. One important thing scientists look for is fault lines （断层线）.These are cracks in the Earth where earthquakes are more likely 5　　　　　　 (happen).For example, the Sichuan Province in China has many earthquakes because it is near big fault lines.By 6　　　　　　 (study) these areas, scientists can understand more about earthquakes and how to reduce the damage they cause. Education and being ready are also very important.7　　　　　　 (school) and communities often practice what to do when an earthquake happens.This 8　　　　　　 (include) taking cover under strong furniture and holding on until the shaking stops. In a word, earthquakes are a major natural event that we need to understand better.Study earthquakes, and we can improve 9　　　　　 (we) ability to know what time they will happen and keep people safe during these 10　　　　　　 (power) events. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震的发生原因、科学家如何研究地震、断层线与地震的关系，以及教育和准备在应对地震时的重要性。 1．解析：usually。考查副词。修饰动词happens，需用副词usually作状语。故填usually。 2．解析：for。考查介词。prepare for为固定搭配，意为“为……做准备”。故填for。 3．解析：that/which。考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词special tools，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 4．解析：and。考查连词。空处连接两个并列的名词“patterns”和“strength”。故填and。 5．解析：to happen。考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”。故填to happen。 6．解析：studying。考查非谓语动词。空处作介词by的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填studying。 7．解析：Schools。考查名词。空处和communities并列，需填名词复数形式schools，作主语。故填Schools。 8．解析：includes。考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语This为单数，所以谓语动词也用单数形式。故填includes。 9．解析：our。考查代词。此空需要填入一个形容词性物主代词，修饰名词ability。故填our。 10．解析：powerful。考查形容词。修饰名词events需用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。 $