WELCOME UNTI Section III Discovering Useful Structures—Basic sentence structures-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦句子成分（主语、谓语等）及基本句型（主谓、主谓宾等），以“人与自我——校园生活”为主题，引用老子“千里之行，始于足下”名言导入，从校园情境切入，搭建语境理解到语法规则学习的支架，衔接前后知识脉络。 其亮点在于语法教学分层设计，通过图解直观呈现句子成分，“句子成分”练习题（如“the teacher 作__”）让学生在语境中感知应用，培养语言能力，“课后分层练”助力学生调适学习策略提升学习能力。学生可巩固语法知识，教师能借助系统流程和练习资源提高教学效率。

A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step. —Laozi 千里之行，始于足下。 ——老子 主题语境：人与自我——校园生活 WELCOME UNIT 更多模板请关注：https://haosc.taobao.com 1 课后分层练 2 Section III Discovering Useful Structures—Basic sentence structures 分析下列课文原句 1．The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly. 2．I'm not outgoing so I'm a little anxious right now. 3．We had our chemistry class in the science lab. 4．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 5．I just had my first maths class at senior high school! 6．...the guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. 宾语补足语 状语 定语 【我的感悟】 主语 表语 宾语 一、句子成分 句子表达一个完整的意思，是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分，每个部分在句中具有一定的功能，称为句子成分。 1．主语(subject) 主语是一句话的主体，表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词­ing形式(短语)以及名词性从句等充当。 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文)The practice may not work well.(名词作主语) 这种做法可能效果不佳。 ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文)It was a truly amazing experience！(代词作主语) 这真是一次令人震撼的经历！ ③Getting up early and going to bed early is a good habit.(动词­ing形式短语作主语) 早睡早起是个好习惯。 2．谓语(verb) 谓语表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态，是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语位于主语之后，由动词充当。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，都被称为谓语。 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文)Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed the art class.(实义动词作谓语) 总体来说，我非常喜欢这堂艺术课。 ②You must finish the task by Friday.(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语) 周五前你必须完成任务。 【点拨】　系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。 We are students.我们是学生。 3．宾语(object) 宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面，一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)I expressed my thanks to the teacher.(名词作宾语) 我向老师表达了我的感谢。 ②I like having online classes.(动词­ing形式作宾语) 我喜欢上网课。 ③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)When I gave him the extra ￡10 I had promised, he didn't accept.(代词作宾语) 当我答应给他承诺的额外10英镑时，他没有接受。 4．表语(predicative) 表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及动词­ing形式短语、副词、介词短语等充当。 ①(2024·浙江1月卷书面表达)Are you tired of sitting in class all day？(形容词作表语) 你厌倦了整天坐在教室里吗？ ②(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Zhang Heng is a well­known scientist in Chinese history.(名词短语作表语) 张衡是中国历史上著名的科学家。 ③She is in good health.(介词短语作表语) 她很健康。 5．宾语补足语(object complement) 有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。 ①He has proved himself an experienced teacher.(名词短语作宾语补足语) 他已经证明了自己是一名经验丰富的教师。 ②You should keep the room clean and tidy.(形容词短语作宾语补足语) 你应该保持房间干净整洁。 【点拨】　当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作宾语且后跟宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语而将真正的宾语移至宾语补足语之后。常用动词为：find, consider, believe, make等。 All these worries made it impossible for her to concentrate on her work. 所有的这些忧虑使她无法专心工作。 6．定语(attributive) 定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。 ①(2024·浙江1月卷书面表达)It's a small change that can make a big difference to your day.(形容词作定语) 这是一个小小的改变，却能给你的一天带来很大的不同。 ②There are times when silence has the loudest voice.(定语从句作定语) 有时沉默的力量最大。 ③The smiling boy received a pen bought by his mother.(分词作定语) 那个微笑的男孩收到了一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 7．状语(adverbial) 状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文)It was a unique experience to create art under the open sky.(介词短语作状语) 在开阔的天空下创作艺术是一种独特的体验。 ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Hearing that I had won the match, I was surprised and excited.(分词作状语) 听到我赢了比赛，我既惊讶又兴奋。 8．同位语(appositive) 若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。同位语一般由名词、代词、数词、短语、从句等充当。 ①We students should study hard.(名词作同位语) 我们学生应该努力学习。 ②Professor Wang，a famous scientist，will give us a lecture tomorrow.(名词短语作同位语) 王教授是一位著名的科学家，他明天将给我们做报告。 宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 ————即学即练1———— 写出画线部分在句中所作的成分 ①The pen writes smoothly． 　 ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文)I'm interested in our English speaking program. ③He admits that he was mistaken． ④He showed me how to run the machine． 　 谓语 状语 表语 表语 状语 ⑤I saw them getting on the bus． ⑥There's always something exciting to do． ⑦Surfing seems much more fun when you are at sea. 　 ⑧(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Last summer, I learned the new skill of Chinese painting. 宾语补足语 定语 主语 二、八种基本句型 1．S＋V—主语＋谓语 该句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，其后面不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise，come，go，take place等。 ① eq \f(Linda,主语) eq \f(smiled,谓语).琳达笑了。 ② eq \f(is crying,谓语). 小男孩正在哭泣。 2．S＋V＋O—主语＋谓语＋宾语 该句式中的谓语动词都是及物动词（短语），可作宾语的有名词（短语）、代词、动词­ing形式、不定式或宾语从句。 ① eq \f(likes,谓语) eq \f(English,宾语).她喜欢英语。 ② eq \f(will fix,谓语) eq \f(everything,宾语). 吉姆会把一切都处理好的。 3．S＋V＋P —主语＋系动词＋表语 be，become，look，keep，feel是常见的系动词，说明主语“是……”“变成……”“看起来……”“保持……”或“感到……”。 ① eq \f(became,系动词) eq \f(a teacher,表语).他成了一名教师。 ② eq \f(is,系动词) eq \f(what we have,表语). 这就是我们所拥有的。 ③ eq \f(look,系动词) eq \f(more beautiful,表语) eq \f(from a distance,状语).从远处看山更美。 4．S＋V＋IO＋DO —主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时表示强调，间接宾语可置于直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for。这类动词有bring，give，offer，promise，show，lend等。 ① eq \f(bought,谓语) eq \f(John,间接宾语) eq \f(a birthday gift,直接宾语). 我给约翰买了一个生日礼物。 ② eq \f(gave,谓语) eq \f(a book,直接宾语) eq \f(to,介词) eq \f(the boy,间接宾语). 我的妈妈给了那个男孩一本书。 5．S＋V＋O＋OC—主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 宾语与宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语都可作宾语补足语。 ① eq \f(makes,谓语) eq \f(the room,宾语) eq \f(warm,宾补). 阳光能让屋子暖和起来。 ② eq \f(heard,谓语) eq \f(him,宾语) eq \f(singing,宾补) eq \f(in the room,状语). 我听见他在屋子里唱歌。 6．S＋V＋A—主语＋谓语＋状语 状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）。 ① eq \f(has gone,谓语) eq \f(abroad,状语). 他的父亲出国了。 ② eq \f(talked,谓语) eq \f(for half an hour,状语). 他们谈了半个小时。 ③ eq \f(passed,谓语) eq \f(quickly,状语). 时光飞逝。 7．S＋V＋O＋A—主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 谓语动词为及物动词（短语），副词或介词（短语）在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。 ① eq \f(knows,谓语) eq \f(what to do,宾语) eq \f(next,状语). 他知道下一步做什么。 ② eq \f(had,谓语) eq \f(my first maths class,宾语) eq \f(in senior high,状语). 我上了高中第一堂数学课。 ③ eq \f(waited for,谓语) eq \f(him,宾语) eq \f(at the school gate,状语)． 我在校门口等他。 8．There be句型（There＋系动词） There be后面的名词是句子的主语，该句型属于倒装结构，且系动词除be外，还有lie, stand, seem, appear等。 ①There's a lot to explore at senior high school. 高中有很多东西要探索。 ②There seem to be fewer tourists around this year. 今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。 【点拨】　There be句型的就近原则 There be句型中的系动词be的形式应和其后紧挨着的主语一致，即遵循“就近原则”。此句型中系动词be可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 S＋V＋IO＋DO＋A ————即学即练2———— 写出下列句子的句型结构 ①There seems to be a special way of doing it. ②Our English teacher is thirty years old. ③Tom made a hole in the wall. ④Mr Johnson taught us German last year. There＋系动词 S＋V＋P S＋V＋O＋A S＋V＋O＋OC ⑤My father arrived in London. ⑥Time flies！ ⑦We got up early so as to catch the first bus. ⑧The teacher asked the students to close the windows. S＋V＋O S＋V S＋V＋A you will be impressed which can help me learn and relax I like making friends I hope to make progress with my friends 使用本单元所学句子成分和基本句型补全下面的语段 Good morning, everyone! 1. （很荣幸→SVP） for me to introduce myself to all of you.My name is Serena and 2. （我十五岁了→SVP）. （我来自大连市→SVA） which is a beautiful and attractive place.I wish you can visit it and I believe that 4. （你会印象深刻→SVP）.English and movies are my favorites 5. （它们能帮助我学习和放松→SVOC）.6. （我喜欢交友→SVO）， especially the ones who share common interests with me.And I think we can have much to share and talk about.7. （我希望能和我的朋友们一起进步→SVOA）.Thank you. It's a great honor I'm fifteen years old I come from Dalian 体会加波浪线部分在句子中所作的成分 1．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）Not all great writers are great spellers．（主语、表语） 2．（2023·全国甲卷）Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book．（宾语补足语） 3．（2024·全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.（主语、宾语） 4．（2023·全国乙卷）Young people are also getting more interested in cooking.（表语） 5．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.（主语、同位语） 6．（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.（状语、谓语） 7．（2023·全国甲卷）He did not kneel （跪） down．（谓语） Ⅰ.写出黑体部分在句中所作的成分 Ⅱ.写出下列句子的句型结构 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 定语 状语；表语 状语；状语 Ⅰ.写出黑体部分在句中所作成分（每小题1分，共15分） 1．He managed to finish the work in time. 2．The apples taste sweet. 3．What a beautiful Chinese painting！ 4．To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 5．He sat there, reading a newspaper. 谓语；宾语 表语 形式宾语；真正宾语 主语 6．His job is to train swimmers. 7．He noticed a man enter the room. 8．He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 9．He found it important to master English. 10．The aged are well taken care of in the village. 表语 宾语补足语 宾语；状语 真正宾语 （直接）宾语 11．If I am not busy tomorrow，I will play football with you. 12．What you said just now made me unhappy. 13．The teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday. 14．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul. 15．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends. 状语 主语 宾语补足语 S＋V＋O＋A S＋V＋O Ⅱ.写出下列句子的句型结构（每小题1分，共10分） 1．The whole class laughed. 2．I want to go shopping. 3．There are a lot of fans waiting outside the hall. 4．I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside. 5．I hear that his son is responsible for the important project. S＋V S＋V＋O there be句型 S＋V＋IO＋DO S＋V＋A 6．Keeping the balance of nature is really important for us. 7．I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life in the countryside. 8．You should keep the room clean. 9．She gave the girl some food. 10．The players are running very fast. S＋V＋P S＋V＋O＋A S＋V＋O＋OC Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A （2025·保定高一检测）High school can be challenging for everyone.You are going through an awkward time and you may either fit in right away or feel like a complete outcast．But no matter how well you may fit in (or not), joining a club will be good for you in the short term and long term. Joining a club is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to the school.Joining a club forces you to communicate with people who have similar interests as you.Even if you are the shyest and quietest person, you are sure to develop a relationship with at least one person in the club that you decide to join. Another really nice thing about joining a club is that doing activities looks good on college applications （申请）.Being known as outgoing is a highly important quality；it shows that you are determined and willing to try new things.Another nice thing is that it could help you develop skills that you could use during a college interview. Many students struggle with productivity.Most teens go to school and then come home and spend the rest of the day in front of the television or phone, but activities can prevent this.Teens are easily influenced and if they end up with the wrong group of people, they may face bad results such as problems with the law.Clubs provide a safe place to spend time with friends. Maybe the most important reason why you should join a club is the long­term benefit （益处） it brings.The classroom isn't the only learning environment in a school.Things such as meeting and speaking to new people, keeping an eye on the time, and being organized are things you will use every single day of your life. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是在充满挑战的高中时期加入俱乐部的好处。 1．What might the underlined word “outcast” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．A person who is popular. B．A person who is not smart. C．A person who is not accepted. D．A person who is confident. √ 解析： 选C。词义猜测题。根据画线处前“You are going through an awkward time”以及“you may either fit in right away”可知，你将经历一段尴尬时期：可能马上融入也可能成为一个不被接受的人。故画线词的意思是“一个不被接受的人”。故选C。 2．What do colleges think highly of according to the text? A．The number of clubs you have joined. B．The good personality you have developed. C．The strong relationships you have built. D．The skills you have learned while forming a club. √ 解析： 选B。推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Being known as outgoing is a highly important quality；it shows that you are determined and willing to try new things.”可知，养成良好的个性是大学所看重的。故选B。 3．What's the advantage of joining a club talked about in Paragraph 4? A．Increasing knowledge. B．Learning teamwork skills. C．Making good use of your time. D．Improving your fitness level. √ 解析： 选C。推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Most teens go to school and then come home and spend the rest of the day in front of the television or phone, but activities can prevent this.”可知，参加一个俱乐部可以帮助你充分利用时间。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．What Club Should You Join? B．How to Join a Club You Like? C．Should You Join a Second Club? D．Why Should You Join a Club? √ 解析： 选D。标题归纳题。文章主要讲述的是加入俱乐部的好处，D项Why Should You Join a Club？合乎题意。故选D。 B I woke up this morning, excited but anxious, as today was the day I would begin my journey of senior high school. The school I attend is an all­female boarding school, which is the only single­sex school in this city.Some people say single­sex schools are better than mixed­sex ones in that they have classes specially designed for their male or female students.I am curious to know what such a school looks like.Thousands of thoughts flashed through my mind.Will I fit in? Will I make friends? Will I have nice teachers? What if I make a bad impression on the other girls? What if I can't concentrate in class as I did in junior high? After breakfast, I set off with Mom sitting beside me and Dad driving the car.We were warmly received by a group of seniors at the school gate.I said goodbye to Mom and Dad there.Some of the seniors helped take my suitcase（手提箱） to the dorm （宿舍）， where I met my three roommates, Sally, Laura and Amanda.Only two of us have Chinese nationality while Sally is Korean and Laura is American, who impressed me most with her beautiful eyes and sweet smile. Since we had no classes in the morning, the four of us decided to explore our campus.Our school is beautiful with tall trees, bright flowers, nice­looking grassland and buildings of the southern Chinese style.A bulletin board （宣传栏） we passed by shows a lot of activity photos and says “With more than 50 student organizations on campus, there is a community for every interest”．I took a photo of the name list of the organizations so that I could study them carefully this weekend before I choose to register with some.I am looking forward to improving myself through group activities. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章讲述作者第一天去高中报到，有些担心和焦虑，后来受到学校的热烈欢迎并结识了三个室友，还一起探索了她们美丽的校园。 5．What is special about the school the author attends? A．It is the best school in the city. B．It is better than mixed­sex schools. C．It has classes only for male students. D．It has only female students. √ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句（我就读的学校是一所全女子寄宿学校，是这个城市唯一的单性别学校。）可知，作者的学校的特别之处应是只有女学生。故选D。 6．How did the author come to school? A．All by herself. B．With her three roommates. C．With her parents keeping her company. D．With some seniors carrying her suitcase. √ 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句（早饭后，我出发了，妈妈坐在我旁边，爸爸开车。）可知，是爸爸和妈妈陪同作者去学校的，故选C。 7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Their exploration of the campus. B．The landscape of the school. C．A bulletin board. D．Student organizations. √ 解析：选A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句（因为我们上午没有课，我们四个决定去探索我们的校园。）以及下面的内容可知本段是在介绍作者和室友探索校园的所见所闻，故选A。 8．What might the paragraph following the text talk about? A．What activities would be held. B．What happened that afternoon. C．How to get along with roommates. D．How to study in senior high school. √ 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段第一句上午作者和室友去探索校园了，所以接下来应该写下午发生的事情了，故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分） （2025·郑州高一检测） How to Be a Successful High School Student Being a successful high school student requires both patience and power.There may be many distractions （分心事） during teen years.To become a successful student, you have to say “no” to them.1(　　) The following are some tips you can try. Remember that school is important. The truth is that school is important.You need it to get into a good college and later get a good career that will support you for the rest of your life.2(　　) It's important to have fun and have lots of activities, but school should always be your number one work.Never take homework and tests lightly! 3(　　) Make sure you have everything you need.If your teacher likes to lecture, have a notebook to help you remember.Keep papers in order.They'll be easier to find later.If your binder （活页夹） starts to get full, put old papers into another binder to keep at home.This way you won't have to put them around, and they will be there when studying for tests. Make friends. There's too much going on to worry about: who's friends with whom, who the popular people are.4(　　) Be confident and be yourself.Get into the habit of saying “Hi” to people and not being afraid to talk to new classmates.The more comfortable you become with people, the more people will like you. Take part in a sport. It's easy to forget to stay in shape when the work becomes more, so joining a team makes it less worry.If you're going for all three seasons, that's great, but make sure you're being practical with your time.Try your hardest at both your sport and your schoolwork and you should be more than great.5(　　) A．Make a plan. B．Stay organized. C．It may be hard, but hard work always pays off. D．You're healthy and on top of your schoolwork. E．Make friends with someone who takes school seriously. F．The best thing to do is be friendly to and with everyone. G．Even if you decide not to go to college, school does help a lot socially. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名成功的高中生提出了四条建议。 1．解析： 选C。根据上下文可知，上文提到要成为一名成功的学生，必须对分心的事说不，下文要介绍一些可以尝试的建议。C项承上启下，符合语境，且“It”指代说“不”这件事。故选C。 2．解析： 选G。根据本段主旨句“Remember that school is important.”和上文可知，G项上半句说明不去大学的情况，与上文形成对比，下半句说学校在社交上会很有益处，G项承接上文，引起下文，符合语境。故选G。 3．解析： 选B。空处为段落小标题。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了要有条理地做事情。B项符合语境。故选B。 4．解析： 选F。根据上下文可知，上文提到交朋友有很多顾虑，下文提到要自信，由此可知，空处应该讲述的是正确交朋友的方法。F项符合语境。故选F。 5．解析： 选D。根据上文可知，上文提到在运动和功课上尽最大努力，D项是尽最大努力后的结果，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） （2025·蚌埠高一检测）Meng Kun became a senior high student today.In the morning, he woke up 1　　　　　　 (early) than usual and rushed to the new school in his eagerness.He wanted to make a good 2　　 　 (impress) on the teacher.In the school, Meng Kun was looking at the noticeboard 3　　　　　　 a white­haired man was pasting something.And later he was surprised to find the white­haired man was his English teacher.In the first English class, the teacher asked them to introduce 4　　　　　　 (they) to the class.Before that, the teacher introduced himself first.Meng Kun was too nervous 5　　　　　　 (notice) this.When he began to introduce his name, everyone burst out 6　　　　　　 (laugh) because he had 7　　　　　 same name with his teacher. Then Mr Meng told them it wasn't easy to speak English 8　　　　　 　 (fluent) and he also encouraged them to be prepared for difficulties.Hearing the teacher's words, Meng Kun 9　　　　 (feel) a bit more confident about his future school life 10　　　　　　 last. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了孟坤第一天高中生活的经历和感触。 1．解析：earlier。考查副词比较级。根据“than usual”可知，此处使用副词比较级，故填earlier。 2．解析：impression。考查名词。空处作宾语，由a可知应用名词单数，故填impression。 3．解析：where。考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是noticeboard，关系词在从句中作状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 4．解析：themselves。考查反身代词。此处指“让他们向全班介绍他们自己”，使用反身代词作宾语，故填themselves。 5．解析：to notice。考查非谓语动词。此处是固定短语“too＋形容词＋to do sth”，表示“太……而不能做某事”，故填to notice。 6．解析：laughing。考查非谓语动词。burst out laughing“突然大笑起来”，固定短语，故填laughing。 7．解析：the。考查冠词。same前常加定冠词the，为固定用法，故填the。 8．解析：fluently。考查副词。空处修饰动词speak，应用副词作状语，故填fluently。 9．解析：felt。考查一般过去时。结合全文内容可知，文章是讲述过去发生的事情，此处使用一般过去时，故填felt。 10．解析：at。考查介词。at last“最后”，故填at。 $